Search

Anti-D3 branes at the bottom of warped throats, commonly used to uplift the cosmological constant in String-Theory de Sitter proposals, source a plethora of supersymmetry-breaking fluxes, that can interact nontrivially with other ingredients of the flux compactification. In this paper we perform a complex-structure decomposition of these fluxes, and compute the effect of the (0,3) flux component on the stabilization of Kähler moduli via D7-branes gaugino condensation. This allows us to obtain a new constraint on the validity of this stabilization mechanism. This effect does not appear hard to satisfy in de Sitter construction proposals that use long warped throats, but may be problematic in proposals where the warping is small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Similar to gravity, an infinite tower of symmetries generated by higher-spin charges has been identified in Yang-Mills theory by studying collinear limits or celestial operator products of gluons. This work aims to recover this loop symmetry in terms of charge aspects constructed on the gluonic Fock space. We propose an explicit construction for these higher spin charge aspects as operators which are polynomial in the gluonic annihilation and creation operators. The core of the paper consists of a proof that the charges we propose form a closed loop algebra to quadratic order. This closure involves using the commutator of the cubic order expansion of the charges with the linear (soft) charge. Quite remarkably, this shows that this infinite-dimensional symmetry constrains the non-linear structure of Yang-Mills theory. We provide a similar all spin proof in gravity for the so-called global quadratic (hard) charges which form the loop wedge subalgebra of w1+∞. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we focus on scattering amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and define a long sought-after geometry, the loop momentum amplituhedron, which we conjecture to encode tree and (the integrands of) loop amplitudes in spinor helicity variables. Motivated by the structure of amplitude singularities, we define an extended positive space, which enhances the Grassmannian space featuring at tree level, and a map which associates to each of its points tree-level kinematic variables and loop momenta. The image of this map is the loop momentum amplituhedron. Importantly, our formulation provides a global definition of the loop momenta. We conjecture that for all multiplicities and helicity sectors, there exists a canonical logarithmic differential form defined on this space, and provide its explicit form in a few examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider 3D Young diagrams with at most N layers in z-axis direction, which can be constructed by N 2D Young diagrams on slice z = j, j = 1, 2, · · · , N from the Yang-Baxter equation. Using 2D Bosons {aj,m, m ∈ ℤ} associated to 2D Young diagrams on the slice z = j, we constructed 3D Bosons. Then we show the 3D Boson representation of W1+∞ algebra, and give the method to calculate the Littlewood-Richardson rule for 3-Jack polynomials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a calculation of the four gravitons amplitude in (Anti)-de Sitter space, focusing specifically on external gravitons with positive helicity. To achieve this, we employ a generalized recursion method that involves complexifying all external momentum of the graviton function, which results in the factorization of AdS graviton amplitudes and eliminates the need for Feynman-Witten diagrams. Our calculations were conducted in three boundary dimensions, with a particular emphasis on exploring cosmology and aiding the cosmological bootstrap program. To compute the expression, we utilized the three-dimensional spinor helicity formalism. The final expression was obtained by summing over residues of physical poles, and we present both symbolic and numerical results. Additionally, we discuss the advantages and limitations of this approach, and highlight potential opportunities for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at the qualitative criterion of higher-spin locality. Perturbative analysis of the Vasiliev equations gives rise to the so-called z-dominated non-localities which nevertheless disappear from interaction vertices leaving the final result spin-local in all known cases. This has led one to the z-dominance conjecture that suggests universality of the observed cancellations. Here we specify conditions which include observation of the higher-spin shift symmetry and prove validity of this recently proposed conjecture. We also define a class of spin-local and shift-symmetric field redefinitions which is argued to be the admissible one with respect to spin-locality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the heavy-quark symmetry of Non-Relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD), the cross-section for the production of ηc can be predicted. This NRQCD prediction when confronted with data from the LHCb is seen to fail miserably. We address this LHCb ηc anomaly in this paper using a new approach called modified NRQCD, an approach that has been shown to work extremely well for studying J/ψ, ψ′ and χc production at the LHC. We show, in the present paper, that the predictions for ηc production agrees very well with LHCb measurements at the three different values of energy that the experiment has presented data for. Modified NRQCD also explains the intriguing agreement of the LHCb ηc data with the colour-singlet prediction. The remarkable agreement of the theoretical predictions with the LHCb data suggests that modified NRQCD is closer to apprehending the true dynamics of quarkonium production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The summation over spin structures, which is required to implement the GSO projection in the RNS formulation of superstring theories, often presents a significant impediment to the explicit evaluation of superstring amplitudes. In this paper we discover that, for Riemann surfaces of genus two and even spin structures, a collection of novel identities leads to a dramatic simplification of the spin structure sum. Explicit formulas for an arbitrary number of vertex points are obtained in two steps. First, we show that the spin structure dependence of a cyclic product of Szegö kernels (i.e. Dirac propagators for worldsheet fermions) may be reduced to the spin structure dependence of the four-point function. Of particular importance are certain trilinear relations that we shall define and prove. In a second step, the known expressions for the genus-two even spin structure measure are used to perform the remaining spin structure sums. The dependence of the spin summand on the vertex points is reduced to simple building blocks that can already be identified from the two-point function. The hyper-elliptic formulation of genus-two Riemann surfaces is used to derive these results, and its SL(2, ℂ) covariance is employed to organize the calculations and the structure of the final formulas. The translation of these results into the language of Riemann ϑ-functions, and applications to the evaluation of higher-point string amplitudes, are relegated to subsequent companion papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We generalize the result of our recent paper on the massless single off-shell scalar box integral to the case of two non-adjacent end points off the light cone. An analytic result in d = 4 − 2ε dimensions is established in terms of four Gauss hypergeometric 2F1 functions respectively their single-valued counterparts. This allows for an explicit splitting of real and imaginary parts, as well as an all-order ε-expansion in terms of single-valued polylogarithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We re-analyse the bulk reconstruction for a scalar field in Lorentzian AdS spacetime, both for the case of even and odd dimensions, for an extended range of conformal dimensions where the original HKLL reconstruction has to be modified. We also discuss the use of space-like Green's functions in the bulk reconstruction. We demonstrate that in the extended range also the singular part of the Green's function, omitted in the original papers, has be included. The results are particularly simple and physically interesting for integer conformal dimensions below the range considered in the original HKLL papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D (3 dimensional) Young diagrams are a generalization of 2D Young diagrams. In this paper, We consider 3D Bosons and 3-Jack polynomials. We associate three parameters h1, h2, h3 to y, x, z-axis respectively. 3-Jack polynomials are polynomials of Pn,j, n ≥ j with coefficients in ℂ(h1, h2, h3), which are the generalization of Schur functions and Jack polynomials to 3D case. Similar to Schur functions, 3-Jack polynomials can also be determined by the vertex operators and the Pieri formulas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Carroll algebra is constructed as the c → 0 limit of the Poincare algebra and is associated to symmetries on generic null surfaces. In this paper, we begin investigations of Carrollian fermions or fermions defined on generic null surfaces. Due to the availability of two different (degenerate) metrics on Carroll spacetimes, there is the possibility of two different versions of Carroll Clifford algebras. We consider both possibilities and construct explicit representations of Carrollian gamma matrices and show how to build higher spacetime dimensional representations out of lower ones. Actions for Carroll fermions are constructed with these gamma matrices and the properties of these actions are investigated. We show that in condensed matter systems where the dispersion relation becomes trivial i.e. the energy is not dependent on momentum and bands flatten out, Carroll symmetry generically appears. We give explicit examples of this including that of twisted bi-layer graphene, where superconductivity appears at so called magic angles and connect this to Carroll fermions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entanglement islands play an essential role in the recent breakthrough in resolving the black hole information paradox. However, whether entanglement islands can exist in massless gravity theories is controversial. It is found that entanglement islands disappear in the initial model of wedge holography with massless gravity on the brane. As a result, the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation becomes a time-independent constant, and there is no Page curve. In this paper, we recover massless entanglement islands in wedge holography with suitable DGP gravity or higher derivative gravity on the branes. We study two typical cases. In the first case, we consider a black hole on the strong-gravity brane and a bath on the weak-gravity brane. It is similar to the usual double holography with non-gravitational baths. In the second case, we discuss two black holes on the two branes with the same gravitational strength. We recover massless entanglement islands and non-trivial Page curves in both cases. We also argue that the entanglement island is consistent with massless gravity. Our results strongly support that entanglement islands can exist in long-range theories of gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper presents two main results. First, we study the renormalized free energies of Euclidean Einstein gravity in asymptotically AdS8 and various field theories on a squashed seven sphere. In the gravity theory, we demonstrate the absence of the Hawking-Page transition, while in the field theory, we focus on the O(N) vector model and the massless free fermion model. The conformal symmetry governs the universal behaviors of the free energies for small and large squashings, which we confirm numerically and analytically. Second, we evaluate the second-order derivative of CFT free energy with respect to the squashing parameter, finding universal results that hold for generic conformal field theories. We examine two different squashings, one with an SU(2) bundle, which is the primary focus of our paper, and another with a U(1) bundle, where our results align with the conjectured formula from the gravity side in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Axion clumps in an external magnetic field can emit electromagnetic radiation which causes them to decay. In the presence of a plasma, such radiation can become resonant if the clump frequency matches the plasma frequency. Typically, the decay or back-reaction of the clump is ignored in the literature when analyzing such radiation. In this paper we present a self consistent, semi-analytic approach which captures axion backreaction using energy conservation. We find that inclusion of back-reaction changes the clump frequency over time enabling clumps with a range of different initial frequencies to become resonant at some point in their time evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that some spacetime singularities of low energy effective action can be resolved by the effective loop corrections. However, the known potentials for the loop corrections fail to regulate the singularity of three dimensional black string. An alternative method is to introduce an extra flat spatial direction and boost away the singularity by using the O(d, d) rotation with the special Kalb-Ramond field. In this paper, we investigate a new set of non-local dilaton potentials for the effective loop corrections. The result shows that the singularity of three dimensional black string can be consistently resolved by the loop corrections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typically, a production of a particle with a small transverse momentum in hadron-hadron collisions is described by CSS-based TMD factorization at moderate Bjorken xB ~ 1 and by kT-factorization at small xB. A uniform description valid for all xB is provided by rapidity-only TMD factorization developed in a series of recent papers at the tree level. In this paper the rapidity-only TMD factorization for particle production by gluon fusion is extended to the one-loop level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the sensitivity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to light lepton portal dark matter with its mass below 10 GeV. The model features an extra doublet scalar field and singlet Dirac dark matter, which have Yukawa interactions with left-handed leptons. To correctly produce the dark matter abundance via the thermal freeze-out, a large mass splitting among the extra scalars is required, thus providing a light neutral scalar below O 10 GeV and heavy neutral and charged scalars at the electroweak scale. In this paper, we focus on the electroweak pair-production of the extra scalars with subsequent model-specific scalar decays and evaluate the current constraints with the LHC Run 2 data and the discovery potential at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). It turns out that a large part of the theoretically allowed parameter space can be tested at the HL-LHC by taking into account complementarity between slepton searches and mono-Z plus missing transverse energy search. We also discuss same-sign charged scalar production as a unique prediction of the model, and the implication of the collider searches in the thermal dark matter scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a key method to deal with loop integrals, Integration-By-Parts (IBP) method can be used to do reduction as well as establish the differential equations for master integrals. However, when talking about tensor reduction, the Passarino-Veltman (PV) reduction method is also widely used for one-loop integrals. Recently, we have proposed an improved PV reduction method, i.e., the PV reduction method with auxiliary vector R, which can easily give analytical reduction results for any tensor rank. However, our results are only for integrals with propagators with power one. In this paper, we generalize our method to one-loop integrals with general tensor structures and propagators with general powers. Our ideas are simple. We solve the generalised reduction problem by combining differentiation over masses and proper limit of reduction with power-one propagators. Finally, we demonstrate our method with several examples. With the result in this paper, we have shown that our improved PV-reduction method with auxiliary vector is a self-completed reduction method for one-loop integrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-loop corrections to scattering amplitudes are crucial theoretical input for collider physics. Recent years have seen tremendous advances in computing Feynman integrals, scattering amplitudes, and cross sections for five-particle processes. In this paper, we initiate the study of the function space for planar two-loop six-particle processes. We study all genuine six-particle Feynman integrals, and derive the differential equations they satisfy on maximal cuts. Performing a leading singularity analysis in momentum space, and in Baikov representation, we find an integral basis that puts the differential equations into canonical form. The corresponding differential equation in the eight independent kinematic variables is derived with the finite-field reconstruction method and the symbol letters are identified. We identify the dual conformally invariant hexagon alphabet known from maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory as a subset of our alphabet. This paper constitutes an important step in the analytic calculation of planar two-loop six-particle Feynman integrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2020)161 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2021)100 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In single-flavor QCD, the low energy description of baryons as Skyrmions is not available. In this case, it has been proposed by Komargodski that baryons can be viewed as kinds of charged quantum Hall droplets, or "sheets". In this paper we propose a string theory description of the sheets in single-flavor holographic QCD, focusing on the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model. The sheets have a "hard" gluonic core, described by D6-branes, and a "soft" mesonic shell, dual to non-trivial D8-brane gauge field configurations. We first provide the description of an infinitely extended sheet with massless or moderately massive quarks. Then, we construct a semi-infinite sheet ending on a one-dimensional boundary, a "vortex string". The holographic description allows for the precise calculation of sheet observables. In particular, we compute the tension and thickness of the sheet and the vortex string, and provide their four dimensional effective actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the angular distribution of Λ b 0 → Λ → p K − ℓ + ℓ − decays. A full expression is given for the case of multiple interfering spin-states with spin ≤ 5 2 . This distribution is relevant for future measurements of Λ b 0 → p K − ℓ + ℓ − decays, where different states cannot easily be separated based on their mass alone. New observables arise when considering spin- 5 2 states as well as interference between states. An exploration of their behaviour for a variety of beyond the Standard Model scenarios shows that some of these observables exhibit interesting sensitivity to the Wilson coefficients involved in b → sℓ+ℓ− transitions. Others are insensitive to the Wilson coefficients and can be used to verify the description of Λ b 0 → Λ form-factors. A basis of weighting functions that can be used to determine all of the angular observables described in this paper in a moment analysis of the experimental data is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the map of line defects in a Quantum Field Theory under a given duality is generically a difficult problem. This paper is the second in a series which aims to address this question in the context of 3d N = 4 mirror symmetry. A general prescription for constructing vortex defects and their mirror maps in quiver gauge theories beyond the A-type was presented by the author in an earlier paper [1], where specific examples involving D-type and affine D-type quivers were discussed. In this paper, we apply the aforementioned prescription to construct a family of vortex defects as coupled 3d-1d systems in quiver gauge theories beyond the ADE-type, and study their mirror maps. Specifically, we focus on a class of quiver gauge theories involving unitary gauge nodes with edge multiplicity greater than 1, i.e. two gauge nodes in these theories may be connected by multiple bifundamental hypermultiplets. Quiver gauge theories of this type arise as 3d mirrors of certain Argyres-Douglas theories compactified on a circle. Some of these quiver gauge theories are known to have a pair of 3d mirrors, which are themselves related by an IR duality, discussed recently in [2]. For a concrete example where a pair of 3d mirrors do exist, we study how the vortex defects constructed using our prescription map to Wilson defects in each mirror theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop an iterative sector-level reduction strategy for Feynman integrals, which bases on module intersection in the Baikov representation and auxiliary vector for tensor structure. Using this strategy we have studied the reduction of general one-loop integrals, i.e., integrals having arbitrary tensor structures and arbitrary power for propagators. Inspired by these studies, a uniform and compact formula that iteratively reduces all one-loop integrals has been written down, where messy polynomials in integration-by-parts (IBP) relations have organized themselves to Gram determinants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loop corrections to unequal-time correlation functions in Minkowski spacetime exhibit secular growth due to a breakdown of time-dependent perturbation theory. This is analogous to secular growth in equal-time correlators on time-dependent backgrounds, except that in Minkowski the divergences must not signal a real IR issue. In this paper, we calculate the late-time limit of the two-point correlator for different massless self-interacting scalar quantum field theories on a Minkowski background. We first use a late-time version of the in-in path integral starting in the vacuum of the free theory; in this limit, the calculation, including UV renormalization, reduces to that in in-out. We find linear or logarithmic growth in time, depending on whether the interaction strength is dimension-one or dimensionless, respectively. We next develop the Weisskopf-Wigner resummation method, that proceeds by demanding unitarity within a truncated Hilbert space, to calculate the resummed correlator and find that it gives an exact exponentiation of the late-time perturbative result. The resummed (unequal-time) correlator thus decays with an exponential or polynomial time-dependence, which is suggestive of ‘universal’ behavior that depends on the dimensions of the interaction strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we begin revisiting the little string theories (LSTs) which govern the dynamics of the instantonic heterotic E8 × E8 five-branes probing ALE singularities, building on and extending previous results on the subject by Aspinwall and Morrison as well as Blum and Intriligator. Our focus are the cases corresponding to choices of non-trivial flat connections at infinity. The latter are in particular interesting for the exceptional ALE singularities, where a brane realization in Type I′ is lacking. Our approach to determine these models is based on 6d conformal matter: we determine these theories as generalized 6d quivers. All these LSTs have a higher-one form symmetry which forms a 2-group with the zero-form Poincaré symmetry, the R-symmetry and the other global symmetries: the matching of the R-symmetry two-group structure constant is a stringent constraint for T-dualities, which we use in combination with the matching of 5d Coulomb branches and flavor symmetries upon circle reduction, as a consistency check for the realization of the 6d LSTs we propose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decays of Higgs boson-like particles into multileptons is a well-motivated process for investigating physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). A unique feature of this final state is the precision with which the SM is known. As a result, simulations are used directly to estimate the background. Current searches consider specific models and typically focus on those with a single free parameter to simplify the analysis and interpretation. In this paper, we explore recent proposals for signal model agnostic searches using machine learning in the multilepton final state. These tools can be used to simultaneously search for many models, some of which have no dedicated search at the Large Hadron Collider. We find that the machine learning methods offer broad coverage across parameter space beyond where current searches are sensitive, with a necessary loss of performance compared to dedicated searches by only about one order of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Future Circular hadron Collider (FCC-hh) is a proposed successor of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). FCC-hh would push both the energy and intensity frontiers of searches for new physics particles. In particular, due to higher energy and luminosity than at the LHC, at FCC-hh there would be produced around ≃ 30 times larger amount of B mesons and ≃ 120 times of W bosons, which then may decay into feebly interacting particles. In this paper we demonstrate the potential of FCC-hh by studying its sensitivity to heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) with masses mN< mB. We consider various locations of a displaced decay volume embedded in the planned infrastructure of FCC-hh. We demonstrate that FCC-hh may substantially improve the reach of the parameter space of HNLs as compared to the searches proposed at the LHC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the second of a series of two papers devoted to the partition function realization of Wilson surfaces in strict higher gauge theory. A higher 2-dimensional counterpart of the topological coadjoint orbit quantum mechanical model computing Wilson lines is presented based on the derived geometric framework, which has shown its usefulness in 4-dimensional higher Chern-Simons theory. Its symmetries are described. Its quantization is analyzed in the functional integral framework. Strong evidence is provided that the model does indeed underlie the partition function realization of Wilson surfaces. The emergence of the vanishing fake curvature condition is explained and homotopy invariance for a flat higher gauge field is shown. The model’s Hamiltonian formulation is further furnished highlighting the model’s close relationship to the derived Kirillov-Kostant-Souriau theory developed in the companion paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use an abelian model to study linear power corrections which arise from infrared renormalons and affect event shapes in e+e− annihilation into hadrons. While previous studies explored power corrections in the two-jet region, in this paper we focus on the three-jet region, which is the most relevant one for the determination of the strong coupling constant. We show that for a broad class of shape variables, linear power corrections can be written in a factorised form, that involves an analytically-calculable function, that characterises changes in the shape variable when a soft parton is emitted, and a constant universal factor. This universal factor is proportional to the so-called Milan factor, introduced in earlier literature to describe linear power corrections in the two-jet region. We find that the power corrections in the two-jet and in the three-jet regions are different, a result which is bound to have important consequences for the determination of the strong coupling constant from event shapes. As a further illustration of the power of the approach developed in this paper, we provide explicit analytic expressions for the leading power corrections to the C-parameter and the thrust distributions in the N -jet region for arbitrary N, albeit in the abelian model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the 5d AGT correspondence of supergroup gauge theories with A-type supergroups. We introduce two intertwiners called positive and negative intertwiners to compute the instanton partition function. The positive intertwiner is the ordinary Awata-Feigin-Shiraishi intertwiner while the negative intertwiner is an intertwiner obtained by using central charges with negative levels. We show that composition of them gives the basic Nekrasov factors appearing in supergroup partition functions. We explicitly derive the instanton partition functions of supergroup gauge theories with A and D-type quiver structures. Using the intertwiners, we briefly study the Gaiotto state, qq-characters and the relation with quiver W-algebra. Furthermore, we show that the negative intertwiner corresponds to the anti-refined topological vertex recently defined by Kimura and Sugimoto. We also discuss how superquiver theories should appear in our formalism if they exist. The existence of the AGT correspondence of the theories we study in this paper implies that there is a broader 2d/4d (5d/q-algebra) correspondence, or more generally the BPS/CFT correspondence, where new non-unitary theories play important roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a recent paper we studied the entanglement content of zero-density excited states in complex free quantum field theories, focusing on the symmetry resolved entanglement entropy (SREE). By zero-density states we mean states consisting of a fixed, finite number of excitations above the ground state in an infinite-volume system. The SREE is defined for theories that possess an internal symmetry and provides a measure of the contribution to the total entanglement of each symmetry sector. In our work, we showed that the ratio of Fourier-transforms of the SREEs (i.e. the ratio of charged moments) takes a very simple and universal form for these states, which depends only on the number, statistics and symmetry charge of the excitations as well as the relative size of the entanglement region with respect to the whole system’s size. In this paper we provide numerical evidence for our formulae by computing functions of the charged moments in two free lattice theories: a 1D Fermi gas and a complex harmonic chain. We also extend our results in two directions: by showing that they apply also to excited states of interacting theories (i.e. magnon states) and by developing a higher dimensional generalisation of the branch point twist field picture, leading to results in (interacting) higher-dimensional models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In [1], logarithmic correction to subleading soft photon and soft graviton theorems have been derived in four spacetime dimensions from the ratio of IR-finite S-matrices. This has been achieved after factoring out IR-divergent components from the traditional electromagnetic and gravitational S-matrices using Grammer-Yennie prescription. Although the loop corrected subleading soft theorems are derived from one-loop scattering amplitudes involving scalar particles in a minimally coupled theory with scalar contact interaction, it has been conjectured that the soft factors are universal (theory independent) and one-loop exact (don't receive corrections from higher loops). This paper extends the analysis conducted in [1] to encompass general spinning particle scattering with non-minimal couplings permitted by gauge invariance and general coordinate invariance. By re-deriving the ln ω soft factors in this generic setup, we establish their universal nature. Furthermore, we summarize the results of loop corrected soft photon and graviton theorems up to sub-subleading order, which follows from the analysis of one and two loop QED and quantum gravity S-matrices. While the classical versions of these soft factors have already been derived in the literature, we put forth conjectures regarding the quantum soft factors and outline potential strategies for their derivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we develop a Young diagram approach to constructing higher dimensional operators formed from massless superfields and their superderivatives in N = 1 supersymmetry. These operators are in one-to-one correspondence with non-factorizable terms in on-shell superamplitudes, which can be studied with massless spinor helicity techniques. By relating all spin-helicity variables to certain representations under a hidden U(N) symmetry behind the theory, we show each non-factorizable superamplitude can be identified with a specific Young tableau. The desired tableau is picked out of a more general set of U(N) tensor products by enforcing the supersymmetric Ward identities. We then relate these Young tableaux to higher dimensional superfield operators and list the rules to read operators directly from Young tableau. Using this method, we present several illustrative examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In two-dimensional CFTs with a large central charge, the level-two BPZ equation governs the heavy-light scalar four-point correlator when the light probe scalar has dimension h = − 1 2 ; the corresponding linear ordinary differential equation can be recast into a schematic form x2uxx + u = 0. In this paper, we make an observation that in a class of four-dimensional CFTs with a large central charge, the heavy-light scalar correlator in the near-lightcone limit obeys a similar equation, x3uxxxy + u = 0, when the light scalar has dimension ∆ = –1. We focus on the multi-stress tensor sector of the theory and also discuss the corresponding equations for the cases with ∆ = –2, –3. The solutions to these linear partial differential equations in higher dimensions are shown, after a suitable change of variables, to reproduce the near-lightcone correlators previously obtained via holography and the conformal bootstrap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In AdS/CFT, observables on the boundary are invariant under renormalization group (RG) flow in the bulk. In this paper, we study holographic entanglement entropy under bulk RG flow and find that it is indeed invariant. We focus on tree-level RG flow, where massive fields in a UV theory are integrated out to give the IR theory. We explicitly show that in several simple examples, holographic entanglement entropy calculated in the UV theory agrees with that calculated in the IR theory. Moreover, we give an argument for this agreement to hold for general tree-level RG flow. Along the way, we generalize the replica method of calculating holographic entanglement entropy to bulk theories that include matter fields with nonzero spin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the effective gravitational action for two-dimensional massive Euclidean Majorana fermions in a small mass expansion, continuing and completing the study initiated in a previous paper [1]. We perform a detailed analysis of local zeta functions, heat kernels, and Green's functions of the Dirac operator on arbitrary Riemann surfaces. We obtain the full expansion of the effective gravitational action to all orders in m2. For genus one and larger, this requires the understanding of the role of the zero-modes of the (massless) Dirac operator which is worked out. Besides the Liouville action, at order m0, which only involves the background metric and the conformal factor σ, the various contributions to the effective gravitational action at higher orders in m2 can be expressed in terms of integrals of the renormalized Green's function at coinciding points of the squared (massless) Dirac operator, as well as of higher Green's functions. In particular, at order m2, these contributions can be re-written as a term ∫ e2σσ characteristic of the Mabuchi action, much as for 2D massive scalars, as well as several other terms that are multi-local in the conformal factor σ and involve the Green's functions of the massless Dirac operator and the renormalized Green's function, but for the background metric only, and certain area-like parameters related to the zero-modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antenna-subtraction technique has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in providing next-to-next-to-leading order in αs (NNLO) predictions for a wide range of processes relevant for the Large Hadron Collider. In a previous paper [1], we demonstrated how to build real-radiation antenna functions for any number of real emissions directly from a specified list of unresolved limits. Here, we extend this procedure to the mixed case of real and virtual radiation, for any number of real and virtual emissions. A novel feature of the algorithm is the requirement to match the antenna constructed with the correct unresolved limits to the other elements of the subtraction scheme. We discuss how this can be achieved and provide a full set of real-virtual NNLO antenna functions (together with their integration over the final-final unresolved phase space). We demonstrate that these antennae can be combined with the real-radiation antennae of ref. [1] to form a consistent NNLO subtraction scheme that cancels all explicit and implicit singularities at NNLO. We anticipate that the improved antenna functions should be more amenable to automation, thereby making the construction of subtraction terms for more complicated processes simpler at NNLO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a novel way to construct off-shell actions of d-dimensional Carrollian field theories by considering the null-reduction of the Bargmann invariant actions in d +1 dimensions. This is based on the fact that d-dimensional Carrollian symmetry is the restriction of the (d + 1)-dimensional Bargmann symmetry to a null hypersurface. We focus on free scalar field theory and electromagnetic field theory, and show that the electric sectors and the magnetic sectors of these theories originate from different Bargmann invariant actions in one higher dimension. In the cases of massless free scalar field and d = 4 electromagnetic field, we verify the Carrollian conformal invariance of the resulting theories, and find that there appear naturally chain representations and staggered modules of Carrollian conformal algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent results from the Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations show the first evidence for the detection of a stochastic background of gravitational waves at the nHz frequencies. This discovery has profound implications for the physics of both the late and the early Universe. In fact, together with the interpretation in terms of supermassive black hole binaries, many sources in the early Universe can provide viable explanations as well. In this paper, we study the gravitational wave background sourced by a network of axion-like-particle (ALP) domain walls at temperatures around the QCD crossover, where the QCD-induced potential provides the necessary bias to annihilate the network. Remarkably, this implies a peak amplitude at frequencies around the sensitivity range of PTAs. We extend previous analysis by taking into account the unavoidable friction on the network stemming from the topological coupling of the ALP to QCD in terms of gluon and pion reflection off the domain walls at high and low temperatures, respectively. We identify the regions of parameter space where the network annihilates in the scaling regime ensuring compatibility with the PTA results, as well as those where friction can be important and a more detailed study around the QCD crossover is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haloscopes, microwave resonant cavities utilized in detecting dark matter axions within powerful static magnetic fields, are pivotal in modern astrophysical research. This paper delves into the realm of cylindrical geometries, investigating techniques to augment volume and enhance compatibility with dipole or solenoid magnets. The study explores volume constraints in two categories of haloscope designs: those reliant on single cavities and those employing multicavities. In both categories, strategies to increase the expanse of elongated structures are elucidated. For multicavities, the optimization of space within magnets is explored through 1D configurations. Three subcavity stacking approaches are investigated, while the foray into 2D and 3D geometries lays the groundwork for future topological developments. The results underscore the efficacy of these methods, revealing substantial room for progress in cylindrical haloscope design. Notably, an elongated single cavity design attains a three-order magnitude increase in volume compared to a WC-109 standard waveguide-based single cavity. Diverse prototypes featuring single cavities, 1D, 2D, and 3D multicavities highlight the feasibility of leveraging these geometries to magnify the volume of tangible haloscope implementations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present a large class of flux backgrounds and solve the shortest vector problem in type IIB string theory on an orientifold of the 19 Landau-Ginzburg model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the entanglement entropy in the CFT2, whose gravity dual is AdS3 spacetime with a Chern-Simons term. Using the generalized Rindler method, we obtain the Rindler transformation in the two-dimensional planar CFT and compute the entanglement entropy of the CFT with gravitational anomalies. The conditions under which the entanglement entropy may have anomalous contributions is also discussed. In addition, we present a relatively general form of the Rindler AdS metric and compute its thermal entropy, which agrees with the entanglement entropy in the field theory. Moreover, we utilize the conformal transformation, which maps a cylinder to a plane, to compute the entanglement entropy of the CFT residing on a cylinder, as well as the entanglement entropy of the CFT at finite temperature on a plane. The corresponding contribution of the Chern-Simons term in gravity to the black hole thermal entropy is also obtained from this approach. These results are important for further understandings of the two-dimensional CFT with gravitational anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perturbative calculations for processes that involve heavy flavours can be performed in two approaches: the massive scheme and the massless one. The former enables one to fully account for the heavy-quark kinematics, while the latter allows one to resum potentially-large mass logarithms. Furthermore, the two schemes can be combined to take advantage of the virtues of each of them. Both massive and massless calculations can be supplemented by soft-gluon resummation. However matching between massive and massless resummed calculations is difficult, essentially because of the non-commutativity of the soft and massless limits. In this paper, we develop a formalism to combine resummed massive and massless calculations. We obtain an all-order expression that consistently resums both mass and soft logarithms to next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. We perform detailed calculations for the decay of the Higgs into a heavy-quark pair, and discuss the applications of this formalism to different processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we provide a detailed account of our calculation, briefly reported in arXiv:2209.09263, of a two-particle form factor of the lowest components of the stress-tensor multiplet in N = 4 sYM theory on its Coulomb branch, which is interpreted as an off-shell kinematical regime. We demonstrate that up to three-loop order, both its infrared-divergent as well as finite parts do exponentiate in the Sudakov regime, with the coefficient accompanying the double logarithm being determined by the octagon anomalous dimension Γoct. We also observe that up to this order in 't Hooft coupling the logarithm of the Sudakov form factor is identical to twice the logarithm of the null octagon, which was introduced within the context of integrability-based computation of four point correlators with infinitely large R-charges. The null octagon is known in a closed form for all values of the 't Hooft coupling constant and kinematical parameters. We conjecture that the relation between the former and the off-shell Sudakov form factor holds to all loop orders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We continue the analysis of the Krylov complexity in the IP matrix model. In a previous paper, [1], for a fundamental operator, it was shown that at zero temperature, the Krylov complexity oscillates and does not grow, but in the infinite temperature limit, the Krylov complexity grows exponentially in time as ∼ exp O t . We study how the Krylov complexity changes from a zero-temperature oscillation to an infinite-temperature exponential growth. At low temperatures, the spectral density is approximated as collections of infinite Wigner semicircles. We showed that this infinite collection of branch cuts yields linear growth to the Lanczos coefficients and gives exponential growth of the Krylov complexity. Thus the IP model for any nonzero temperature shows exponential growth for the Krylov complexity even though the Green function decays by a power law in time. We also study the Lanczos coefficients and the Krylov complexity in the IOP matrix model taking into account the 1/N2 corrections. There, the Lanczos coefficients are constants and the Krylov complexity does not grow exponentially as expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a novel point-particle effective description of ANO vortex solitons in the critical Abelian Higgs Model (AHM) in d = 2 + 1 based on the small winding expansion. Identifying the effective vortices with the elementary quanta of a complex scalar field, relativistic vortex-vortex scattering amplitudes are calculated as a diagrammatic, perturbative expansion in the winding number N. Making use of powerful techniques recently developed for analyzing the post-Minkowskian two-body problem in general relativity, we efficiently extract the contribution to the loop integrals from the classical potential region, with the resulting velocity expansion subsequently resummed to all orders. The main result of this paper is an analytic expression for the classical, vortex-vortex potential at O (N2), or one-loop, with exact velocity dependence. By truncating the resulting effective Hamiltonian at O (p2) we derive an analytic, perturbative expression for the metric on the 2-vortex moduli space. Finally, the emergence of the critical AHM from the classical limit of the N = 2 supersymmetric AHM, and the resulting constraints on the point-particle EFT is described in detail using an on-shell superspace construction for BPS states in d = 2 + 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supertwistor and bi-supertwistor formulations for N -extended anti-de Sitter (AdS) superspace in four dimensions, Ad S 4 ∣ 4 N , were derived two years ago in [1]. In the present paper, we introduce a novel realisation of the N -extended AdS supergroup OSp(N |4; ℝ) and apply it to develop a coset construction for AdS 4 ∣ 4 N and the corresponding differential geometry. This realisation naturally leads to an atlas on AdS 4 ∣ 4 N (that is a generalisation of the stereographic projection for a sphere) that consists of two charts with chiral transition functions for N > 0. A manifestly OSp(N |4; ℝ) invariant model for a superparticle in AdS 4 ∣ 4 N is proposed. Additionally, by employing a conformal superspace approach, we describe the most general conformally flat N -extended supergeometry. This construction is then specialised to the case of AdS 4 ∣ 4 N . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]