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AbstractA Schiff base (imine) ligand, (E)-4-((2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzylidene)amino)-N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (HL), was synthesized by condensation of 3,5-diiodosalicylaldehyde with sulfamethazine. The ligand was then complexed with Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Fe(II) employing a metal to ligand ratio of 1:2 to form chelates (1-5), [M(L)2(H2O)2]. Characterization was done by UV-visible, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, magnetic moments, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and conductance studies. The Schiff base behaved as a bidentate ligand and metal chelates assumed octahedral geometry. MOE-docking was employed to assess binding of the Schiff base (HL) and its chelates (1-5) with 1T2P, 1VVQ, 2W61, 3U2D, 4H8E and 5K18 proteins. Results indicated that Zn(II) chelate (1) and Fe(II) chelate (5) are the most potent compounds. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were executed against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antifungal activities were performed against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The Schiff base exhibited moderate antibacterial/antifungal activities that were enhanced on chelation with metal ions. Zinc(II) chelate (1) and Fe(II) chelate (5) show excellent antibacterial/antifungal activities. Complex 2 exhibited good antibiofilm activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new trinuclear complexes containing either nickel(II), copper(II) or zinc(II), [Ni3L2(NO3)2(CH3OH)2]·2CH3OH (1), [Cu3Br2L2] (2), [Zn3L2(NCS)2(CH3OH)2]·0.5CH3OH·0.5H2O (3), and a new dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complex, [MoO2L] (4), have been prepared from the bis-Schiff base N,N'-bis(4-bromosalicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine (H2L) with various metal salts in methanol. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV–Vis spectra. Molecular structures were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. The Ni ions in 1 adopt an octahedral coordination environment, bridged by phenolate oxygen and nitrate ligands. The Cu ions in 2 are square pyramidal and square planar, and the Zn ions in 3 are square pyramidal and octahedral. The metal atoms in 2 and 3 are bridged by phenolate oxygen donors. The Mo ion in 4 is octahedral. The Schiff base ligand coordinates to the metal atoms through two phenolate O and two imino N donors. Biological assays revealed that the nickel and copper complexes have effective urease inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Template condensation between pentane-1,5-dial and triethylenetetramine in the presence of divalent metal salts in methanolic solution resulted in mononuclear 15-membered tetraazamacrocyclic Schiff base metal complexes, [M(C11H22N4)X2], where M = Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), X = Cl− and C11H22N4 is the tetradentate macrocyclic ligand. The bonding and overall geometry of the complexes are inferred through elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV–vis, 1H/13C NMR, ESI-mass, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility and TG measurements. On the basis of the absorption bands in UV–vis spectra and magnetic moment analyses, a six-coordinate octahedral geometry is proposed for all the metal complexes. The formulation of the metal chelates is compatible with the thermal decomposition profiles. Photocatalytic efficiency of the macrocyclic Ni(II) complex was studied using solar water-splitting. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of metal complexes has been tested against certain bacterial and fungal species. The scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals was used to test the antioxidant activity of the complexes. In addition, MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of Cu(II) chloro complex against L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urease catalyzes the decomposition of urea into ammonia, which has harmful effects on both human health and fertile soil. Aiming at exploring novel urease inhibitors, a series of hydrazone compounds and their CoIII, CuII, NiII, and ZnII complexes were prepared from 4-methoxy-N'-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide (HL). They are [CoClL(NCS)] (1), [CoL2]·Cl·CH3OH·H2O (2), [CuL(NCNCN)]n·nCH3OH (3), [NiL(HL)]·ClO4·CH3OH (4) and [ZnClL(OH2)]·CH3OH (5). The compounds were characterized by physico-chemical methods. Structures of the complexes were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The metal ions in 1, 3, and 5 display square pyramidal coordination and 2 and 4 display octahedral coordination. The inhibitory effects of the compounds on Jack bean urease were evaluated. The results showed that 3 has effective urease inhibitory activity, with IC50 value of (7.3 ± 1.0) μmol L−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper(II) complexes with Schiff bases derived from linear and branched amines with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde were synthesized and characterized by IR and electronic spectroscopies, magnetic susceptibilities, electrochemistry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), X-ray diffraction, and theoretical calculations. Electronic spectra are a function of the R group on the imine nitrogen of the ligand that determines steric effects. Complexes obtained from 3-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde ligand are more distorted from planarity in dimethylformamide solutions than those of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde for the same R group. As a result, the former are easier to reduce to the related copper(I) complexes than those of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldiminate. The structure of bis(N-i-propyl-3-hydroxy-2-naphthaldiminato)copper(II) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Its molecular structure can be described as distorted flat tetrahedral influenced by important packing effects and is flatter than that calculated with density functional theory methods. Additional related flat tetrahedral complexes were studied by theoretical calculations and it has been found that electronic effects also play a significant role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four mononuclear complexes of Cu(II) and Zn(II) having a Schiff-base ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline/2,2′-bipyridine have been synthesized and characterized. From electronic spectral and magnetic susceptibility data, octahedral geometry has been proposed for the complexes. DNA-binding behaviors of these complexes are studied by absorption titration, electrochemical, and viscosity methods. The results indicate that the complexes bind to calf thymus DNA in an intercalative mode. The gel electrophoresis results reveal that 1 cleaves pBR322 DNA effectively. The ligand and its complexes have been screened for their antimicrobial activities against a few microorganisms. The data exhibit that they are better antimicrobial agents than the ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two Schiff-base copper(II) complexes, bis(N-n-butyl-5-chlorosalicylaldiminato) copper(II) (1) and bis(N-n-butyl-4-methoxysalicylaldiminato) copper(II) (2), were synthesized and their solid-state structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. Complex 1 displays a distorted square-planar geometry, while 2 possesses square-planar geometry. Copper(II) complexes 1 and 2 showed strong inhibitory activity against jack bean urease (IC50 = 2.7, 3.5 µmol L−1), compared with acetohydroxamic acid (IC50 = 63.00 µmol L−1). A molecular modeling study was carried out via the DOCK program to gain understanding of the potent inhibitory activity of these copper species against jack bean urease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Schiff-base copper(II) complex, bis(N-n-butylsalicylaldiminato)copper(II), was synthesized and its solid-state structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. Its inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori urease was evaluated in vitro and it showed strong inhibitory activity against urease (IC50 = 0.95 µM), compared with acetohydroxamic acid (IC50 = 42.47 µM) as a positive reference. A docking analysis using the AUTODOCK 4.0 program was performed to explain the potent inhibitory activity of the complex against urease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dinuclear copper(II) complex with a newly synthesized tridentate Schiff-base ligand 2-[(2-hydroxy-ethylimino)-methyl]-4,6-diiodo-phenol (HL), of formula [Cu2L2Cl2 · C4H8O] (1), was prepared. Both the ligand and the complex were characterized by X-ray crystallography, confirming that the Schiff base is tridentate and its dinuclear copper(II) complex is five-coordinate from one nitrogen and two oxygens from L and two chlorides. The complex was assayed for antibacterial (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter cloacae) activities by the MTT method. Complex 1 exhibited better antimicrobial activity than the ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of acyclic mononuclear copper(II) complexes have been prepared by Schiff-base condensation derived from 5-methylsalicylaldehyde, diethylenetriamine, tris(2-aminoethyl) amine, triethylenetetramine, N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylene diamine, N,N-bis(aminopropyl) piperazine, and copper perchlorate. All the complexes were characterized by elemental and spectral analyses. Electronic spectra of the complexes show a d-d transition in the range 500-800 nm, electrochemical studies of the complexes show irreversible one-electron-reduction process around -1.10 to -1.60 V. The reduction potential of the mononuclear copper(II) complexes shifts toward anodic direction upon increasing the chain length of the imine compartment. ESR spectra of the mononuclear copper(II) complexes show four lines, characteristic of square-planar geometry, with nuclear hyperfine spin 3/2. The copper(II) complexes show a normal room temperature magnetic moment value μeff = 1.72-1.76 BM, close to the spin-only value of 1.73 BM. Electrochemical and catalytic studies of the complexes were compared on the basis of increasing the chain length of the imine compartment. All the complexes were screened for antifungal and antibacterial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schiff bases (L) viz, N,N',N'',N'''-tetra-3,4-dimethoxybenzalidene-3,3'-diaminobenzidine (TDBD), N,N',N'',N'''-tetra-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzalidene-3,3'-diaminobenzidine (THMBD), and N,N',N'',N'''-tetra-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzalidene-3,3'-diaminobenzidine (THNBD) afford binuclear [M2LCl4] complexes where M = Cu(II) or Zn(II). These Schiff bases and their binuclear complexes have been characterized by analytical and spectral data showing square-planar geometry on metalation with Cu2+. Intercalative binding of these complexes with DNA has been investigated by electronic absorption spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry. Control DNA cleavage experiments using pUC19 supercoiled (SC) DNA and minor groove binder distamycin suggest that these synthesized complexes bind to the major groove. In the presence of a reducing agent like 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), they show chemical nuclease activity. They also show an efficient photo-induced DNA cleavage on irradiation with a monochromatic UV light of 360 nm in the presence of inhibitors. Control experiments indicate the inhibition of cleavage in the presence of singlet oxygen quencher like sodium azide and the enhancement of cleavage in D2O show the formation of singlet oxygen as reactive species. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic activity of the synthesized complexes has been assessed for their ability to inhibit the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT). The complexes have promising SOD-mimetic activity. The antimicrobial results indicate that the complexes inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi more than free ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adduct formation between R2SnCl2 (R = methyl and phenyl) and PhSnCl3 as acceptors and Cu(II) complexes of tetradentate Schiff-base ligands [CuL], where L = [Salen, bis(salicylaldehyde)ethylenediimine], [3-MeOSalen, N,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylaldehyde)ethylenediimine], [5-MeOSalen, N,N'-bis(5-methoxysalicylaldehyde)ethylenediimine], [5-BrSalen, N,N'-bis(5-bromosalicylaldehyde)ethylenediimine], [salpn, N,N'-bis(salicylaldehyde)1,3-propanediimine], [Salophen, bis(salicylaldehyde)phenylenediimine], [3-MeOSalophen, N,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylaldehyde)phenylenediimine], and [5-MeOSalophen, N,N'-bis(5-methoxysalicylaldehyde)phenylenediimine], as donors have been investigated in acetonitrile by UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. The formation constants and thermodynamic free energies were measured using UV-Vis titration for 1 : 1 adduct formation at various temperatures (T = 293-313 K). The trend of adduct formation for copper Schiff-base complexes with a given tin acceptor decreases as follows: [image omitted] [image omitted]; [image omitted] The trend of the reaction of RnSnCl4-n acceptors toward a given copper Schiff-base complex is PhSnCl3 > Ph2SnCl2 > Me2SnCl2. The reactivity of PhSnCl3 toward Cu(Salen), Cu(Salpn), and Cu(Salophen) increases with increasing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complex salt [Cu3(TFSSB)2(bpy)4][Cu(TFSSB)2] · 2H2O (TFSSB = the Schiff base formed by 5-formylsalicylaldehyde and taurine, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl) was synthesized by reaction of Cu(CH3COO)2 · 2H2O, TFSSB and 2,2′-bipy in aqueous methanol (1 : 1, v/v). The complex is triclinic, space group P, with a = 11.2433(5), b = 13.6717(2), c = 14.4022(11) Å, α = 83.588(10), β = 87.919(12), γ = 69.059(9)°, V = 2054.66(18) Å3, Z = 1. The asymmetric unit is comprised of a trinuclear coordinaton cation together with a mononuclear coordination anion and two water molecules, all of which are linked by hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions into a three-dimensional framework. The sulfonate group of the TFSSB ligand coordinates to copper(II) in the cation but not in the anion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]