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[Display omitted] • The dual S-scheme Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 /Bi 2 WO 6 /C 3 N 4 heterojunction with interlaced lattice was constructed. • Efficient removal of ciprofloxacin was achieved in Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 /Bi 2 WO 6 /C 3 N 4 heterojunction. • The fully blossomed flower-like structure promoted light harvesting and charge transfer. • The role of the interlaced lattice interface in the charge transfer mechanism was revealed. The internal electric field induced by the lattice interfaces in a heterojunction can facilitate charge transfer, thereby improving the photocatalytic performance. However, the details of the relationship between the lattice interfaces and the charge transfer mechanism in heterojunctions remain unclear. In this study, a Bi 2 WO 6 /Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 /C 3 N 4 heterojunction (BBC) with an interlaced lattice was prepared, and the role of the interlaced lattice in charge transfer was revealed. Compared to pristine Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 , Bi 2 WO 6, and C 3 N 4 , BBC exhibited an increased ciprofloxacin degradation rate constant (0.0573 min−1). A series of experiments were performed to reveal the role of the interlaced lattice interface in the enhanced photocatalytic performance. The results show that the driving force provided by the interlaced lattice interface changes the charge transfer mechanism from a dual Ⅱ-scheme to a dual S-scheme. This work provides profound insights into the effects of lattice interfaces in heterojunctions and the design of efficient photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-component droplet evaporation has received significant attention in recent years due to the broad range of applications such as material science, environmental monitoring, and pharmaceuticals. The selective evaporation induced by the different physicochemical properties of components is expected to influence the concentration distributions and the separation of mixtures, thereby leading to rich interfacial phenomena and phase interactions. A ternary mixture system containing hexadecane, ethanol, and diethyl ether is investigated in this study. The diethyl ether exhibits both surfactant-like and co-solvent properties. Systematic experiments were performed using acoustic levitation technique to achieve a contact-less evaporation condition. The evaporation dynamics and temperature information are acquired in the experiments, using high-speed photography and infrared thermography technologies. Three distinct stages, namely, 'Ouzo state', 'Janus state', and 'Encapsulating state', are identified for the evaporating ternary droplet in acoustic levitation. A self-sustaining periodic freezing & melting evaporation mode is reported. A theoretical model is developed to characterize the multi-stage evaporating behaviors. We demonstrate the capability to tune the evaporating behaviors by varying the initial droplet composition. This work provides a deeper understanding of the interfacial dynamics and phase transitions involved in multi-component droplets and proposes novel strategies for the design and control of droplet-based systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surfactant-free microemulsion (SFME), an emerging phenomenology that occurs in the monophasic zone of a broad category of ternary mixtures 'hydrophobe/hydrotrope/water', has attracted extensive interests due to their unique physicochemical properties. The potential of this kind of ternary fluid for solubilization and drug delivery make them promising candidates in many industrial scenarios. Here the thermodynamic behavior of these multiscale nanodomains formed in the ternary trans -anethol/ethanol/water system over a wide range of temperatures is explored. The macroscopic physical properties of the ternary solutions are characterized, with revealing the temperature dependence of refractive index and dynamic viscosity. With increasing temperature, the ternary system shows extended areas in the monophasic zone. We demonstrate that the phase behavior and the multiscale nanodomains formed in the monophasic zone can be precisely and reversibly tuned by altering the temperature. Increasing temperature can destroy the stability of the multiscale nanodomains in equilibrium, with an exponential decay in the scattering light intensity. Nevertheless, molecular-scale aggregates and mesoscopic droplets exhibit significantly different response behaviors to temperature stimuli. The temperature-sensitive nature of the ternary SFME system provides a crucial step forward exploring and industrializing its stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PDI-g-C 3 N 4 /g-C 3 N 4 (CPH) has been fabricated via multiscale modification strategy. • CPH exhibited excellent photocatalytic atrazine removal efficiency. • The mesoporous morphology of CPH enhanced the accessibility of contaminant. • The PDI decoration of CPH promoted light-harvesting and π-conjugation. • The construction of homojunction suppressed the recombination of photocarrier. Herein, PDI-g-C 3 N 4 /g-C 3 N 4 homojunction has been fabricated via the multiscale modification strategy to enhance photocatalytic atrazine degradation. The morphological scale modification was realized by multistep thermal condensation, where the released gas could act as templates to form the porous structure. The molecular scale modification was achieved by the pyromellitic diimide (PDI) decoration, which could distort the planar nanosheet to induce a porous structure and provide more chromophores for better light absorption. The electronic scale modification was realized by the built-in electric field between the PDI-g-C 3 N 4 /g-C 3 N 4 homojunction interfaces, which suppressed the recombination of photocarriers. The PDI-g-C 3 N 4 /g-C 3 N 4 strengthened photocatalytic atrazine degradation was well-adapted to different environmental influence interference. The optimum atrazine degradation rate within one hour reached 90% in a strong acidic condition (pH = 3.09). It was found that the highly pH-dependent ATZ removal is related to the H 2 O 2 generation during photocatalysis. Within one hour, the PDI-g-C 3 N 4 /g-C 3 N 4 could generate 147.38 μM H 2 O 2. In addition, 1 O 2 ,  · O 2 - , h+, and  · O H were found to have contributed to the ATZ decomposition. During photocatalysis, 14 intermediates and three pathways for atrazine degradation have been found. Hopefully, this study could pave a way for the development of the multiscale modification for the photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PDI-g-C 3 N 4 /g-C 3 N 4 (CPH) has been fabricated via multiscale modification strategy. • CPH exhibited excellent photocatalytic atrazine removal efficiency. • The mesoporous morphology of CPH enhanced the accessibility of contaminant. • The PDI decoration of CPH promoted light-harvesting and π-conjugation. • The construction of homojunction suppressed the recombination of photocarrier. Herein, PDI-g-C 3 N 4 /g-C 3 N 4 homojunction has been fabricated via the multiscale modification strategy to enhance photocatalytic atrazine degradation. The morphological scale modification was realized by multistep thermal condensation, where the released gas could act as templates to form the porous structure. The molecular scale modification was achieved by the pyromellitic diimide (PDI) decoration, which could distort the planar nanosheet to induce a porous structure and provide more chromophores for better light absorption. The electronic scale modification was realized by the built-in electric field between the PDI-g-C 3 N 4 /g-C 3 N 4 homojunction interfaces, which suppressed the recombination of photocarriers. The PDI-g-C 3 N 4 /g-C 3 N 4 strengthened photocatalytic atrazine degradation was well-adapted to different environmental influence interference. The optimum atrazine degradation rate within one hour reached 90% in a strong acidic condition (pH = 3.09). It was found that the highly pH-dependent ATZ removal is related to the H 2 O 2 generation during photocatalysis. Within one hour, the PDI-g-C 3 N 4 /g-C 3 N 4 could generate 147.38 μM H 2 O 2. In addition, 1 O 2 ,  · O 2 - , h+, and  · O H were found to have contributed to the ATZ decomposition. During photocatalysis, 14 intermediates and three pathways for atrazine degradation have been found. Hopefully, this study could pave a way for the development of the multiscale modification for the photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]