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The thermophysical properties of artificially aged paper samples were evaluated using the photothermal deflection technique. The technique had been proposed for the measurement of the transmittance and the reflectance values of the given paper sheet. It had also allowed the estimation of thermal diffusivity, optical absorption and the scattering coefficient values of all samples examined.

The article discusses the synthesis of electrically and magnetically dual-driven Janus particles for a handwriting-enabled twisting ball display. A twisting ball display is created using Janus particles, the electric color control and handwriting are tested using a magnet, and the findings are revealed. The technology presented here can be applied to low-cost, lightweight, highly visible, and energy-saving electronic message boards and large whiteboards.

The article reports fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films using chemical reduction by hydrazine hydrate and rGO paper-like samples using low temperature treatment reduction. Structural analysis confirms the formation of the rGO structure for both samples. It demonstrates a simplified way for the fabrication of rGO paper that possesses better and easier measurable macroscopic electrical properties than that of rGO thin film.

The article introduces a new method developed to study the ink-paper interface and the structural variations of a deposited layer of ink. High-resolution x-ray tomography and laser ablation are used to determine the depth profile of ink (toner) in a paper substrate, while X-ray tomography is used to produce the 3D structure of paper with about 1?mum spatial resolution. It is concluded that a toner layer on a light-weight-coated paper substrate is disturbed by protruding fibers of the base paper.

A study was conducted to describe a framework that can be utilized to determine the physics of electrostatic detection equipment. Indented writing, erasure and fingerprints were considered as samples of commonly found perturbations in paper specimens. Results indicated that electric perturbations influenced the magnitude of the electric field in Mylar films. Findings also showed that fingerprint images are independent of specimen orientation.

The highly stable superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) are prepared. The PEG chains at PEG-SPION's surface provide a good permeability and strong affinity between the bacterial cellulose (BC) chains and SPION through hydrogen-bonding interactions. PEG-SPION allows the incorporation of higher content of nanoparticles without compromising the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite.

Multiwalled carbon-nanotube/cellulose composite papers are prepared and their temperature dependences of electrical conductivity are measured. The dependences are described with the Sheng' fluctuation-induced tunneling (FIT) model and a mechanism of the electrical conduction in the composite paper is discussed in the context of the FIT model.

Graphene paper (GP) is prepared by flow-directed assembly of graphene nanosheets and their mechanical properties are examined by tensile, indentation and bending tests. The high strength and stiffness of GP is attributed to the interlocking-tile microstructure of individual graphene nanosheets and the mechanical properties of GPs have led to a wide range of engineering applications.

Several experimental studies are conducted to explain the various electrical, as well as dielectric properties of the paper substrates. These properties of the substrates are shown to be completely dependent on the temperature.

The ionizing radiation effects on the temperature-dependent conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) papers were studied in situ in a high vacuum environment. The radiation-induced temperature-dependent conductivity modification indicated that radiation damage caused an increase in the effective activation barrier for tunneling-like conductivity and a concomitant increase in wavefunction localization of charge carriers within individual SWCNTs.

The applicability of x-ray texture analysis in examining the properties of paper coatings is tested. The studies have shown that the x-ray texture analysis, the Schulz method, is an excellent research tool for studying the properties of paper coating pigments.

A theoretical model, followed by an experimental comparison was used to study the electromechanical bending actuation of chitosan-blended cellulose (CBC) electroactive paper (EAPap). The results suggested that the bending actuation model of EAPap could be applied to study the electromechanical actuation behavior of EAPap devices such as artificial muscles, microrobots, and other various actuators.

The studies of voltage-induced deflections in electroactive paper (EAPap) were carried out to predict and quantify the role of the various internal mechanisms responsible for the deflection. The results showed that the higher sensitivity with a minimal bias dependence could be achieved by deliberately adding ions during EAPap processing.

The synthesis, characterization and field emission studies of multicomponent [Na.sub.2][V.sub.6][O.sub.16].3[H.sub.2]O crystalline nanobelts are reported. The results have shown that the dehydrated [Na.sub.2][V.sub.6][O.sub.16] nanobelts are similar to bulk [V.sub.2][O.sub.5], except for a subtle reduction in the strong O2p bonding valence band and it has a very uniform spatial distribution of the emission sites.

The article discusses the different benefits and disadvantages related to the various direct writing technologies present in the market. The technology is shown to be beneficial for several applications, including flexible-electronics, e-paper and miniresistance applications.

The paper ''Mechanism for the increase of indium-tin-oxide work function by [O.sub.2] inductively coupled plasma treatment' described the high work function on indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces obtained with oxygen inductively coupled plasma (ICP) treatment. The synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy contradicts the results of the paper, which reveals that the high function is due to a larger electron affinity near the surface.

The structural and dynamic properties of Cu50Zr50 films are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. A new method to determine the string-like collective atomic motion is introduced in the paper, and it suggests a possible connection between the glass formation ability and collective atomic motion.The studies clearly explain the effects of surface on the structural and dynamic properties of Cu50Zr50 films from the atomic scale.

This paper describes the temperature field within a malignant tissue as a function of the infusion parameters.The local displacements of the tissue during the ferrofluid infusion process are considered.An analysis of the spatial magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) distributions and their heating in the linear relaxation theory is done for different ferrofluid infusion parameters.

Microwave plasma treatment of single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) films called bucky papers (BPs) resulted in changes in the relative proportion of different chiralities of SWNTs present in the BP and the production of vertical microstructures on the surface of BP. Longer tubes will have higher dielectric constants and hence will be polarized more strongly by the electric field of the plasma sheath. Microscopy, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to study the effect of plasma on the crystallinity of the surviving SWNTs.

This paper reports a new laser based method for in situ soil decontamination at high efficiency, in which a focused excimer laser is used to remove organic contaminants from soil through burning by generating a local high temperature region. An aromatic compound, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene, is used as an organic contaminant, and a porous silica plate is used as a soil simulant.The decomposition area increases with the increase in the laser power and the decrease in the scan speed and frequency.

The article proposes a method based on the finite element analysis for determining the value of the power dissipation of particles (PDP) whichAaAeAeA can maximize the average temperature of the tumor during treatme and at the same time guarantee that the maximum temperature is within the therapeutic range. The application of the critical PDP value can improve the effectiveness of the treatment since it increases the average temperature in the tumor region while limiting the damage to the healthy tissue that surrounds it.The results demonstrate that the uniformity of the temperature field can be significantly increased by combining the optimization procedure proposed in this paper with the use of low-Curie-temperature MNPs.

The article proposes the first comprehensive mathematical model for Cu-related light-induced degradation in p-type silicon (Cu-LID).The kinetic model is interlinked to a Schottky junction model of metallic precipitates in silicon, enabling accurate calculation of the injection-dependent electric field enclosing the precipitates, as well as the precipitate-limited minority carrier lifetime.The model verification with experiments is carried out in Paper II of this contribution along with a discussion of the kinetic and energetic aspects of Cu-LID.

Silver nanoparticle-based inkjet ink (AgNP ink) is used as a novel approach to connect surface-mount devices (SMDs) onto inkjet-printed pads, conducted by inkjet printing technology. Electrical contact resistance characterization shows a similar performance between the AgNP ink and the usual ones. A flexible hybrid circuit on paper controlled by an Arduino board is manufactured, demonstrating the viability and scalability of the AgNP ink assembling technique.

The electrical transport properties of La.sub.1? xSr.sub.xCoO.sub.3 (LSCO) thin films are investigated in this paper. It is found that, when Sr is doped into the LaCoO.sub.3 film, the insulating film turns into a conductor; when oxygen atoms are removed from the La.sub.1? xSr.sub.xCoO.sub.3 film, the conducting film goes back to an insulator. The work could shed light on the electrical transport mechanism of the LSCO films.

The relation between the evolution of photoluminescence (PL) and microstructure of samples is discussed in detail in this paper. The evolution of PL at room temperature from a-Si:H/SiO2 to nc-Si/SiO2 multilayers was observed through step-by-step post treatment.

A laser diode structure realizing internal gain switching is suggested for high-power picosecond optical pulse generation, in this paper. The result match well with that provided by the modern picosecond laser diodes operating in Q-switch mode.

The article elaborates about the usage of a photothermal technique, in which chopped light heats the front surface of a small sample and the chopping frequency dependence of thermal radiation from the back surface is measured with a liquid-nitrogen-cooled infrared detector. Results are presented for layered crystals of semiconducting 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-pn) and for papers of cellulose nanofibrils coated with semiconducting poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonate) (NFC-PEDOT). Findings from both the experiments were elaborated.

This paper discusses the dependence of Fe thickness on the temperature transition and compensation in Fe/Tb multilayers using Heisenberg bilayer model and Monte Carlo simulations.

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a useful method for preparing thin films. The laser-target interaction is a complex process and deposition can be affected by various factors. Papers focusing on the modeling of the laser ablation process into a diluted background gas, are scarce. A three-dimension model of laser ablation in a Maxwell-distributed gas is reported, with focus on film thickness profiles and kinetic energy distributions.

The article describes the analytical investigation of a model for two-dimensional graphene-based thermoacoustic membranes and reports on its numerical validation using Bayesian statistics. The temperature and the pressure variables are first analytically determined in one-dimension; the one-dimensional findings are then extended to three-dimensions and through the one and three-dimensional model analysis, the dependence of acoustic pressure as a function of frequency is studied. The thermoacoustic model is then validated with a graphene-on-paper loudspeaker using Bayesian statistical methods and a Delayed Rejection Adaptive Metropolis algorithm.

Thermal processing at elevated temperatures of paper annealing and electrical activation of Si+ and Se++ results in enhanced electrical properties. These electrical parameters are related to the extent of damage and reduction of defect concentration, which occur at high temperatures. The Rutherford backscattering spectrometry is used for defect analyses and the van der Pauv-Hall technique is used for evaluating the electrical properties.

All research papers published in journals and technical books on quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) are reviewed. In QWIPs, the quantum wells are designed in a way that allows photoexcited carriers to escape from the well. The carriers which escape from the well are collected as photocurrents, and measured. Components for intersubband absorption and hot-carrier processes for each detector are discussed elaborately. The detailed discussion also includes high performance characteristics of the well for large staring arrays. QWIPs which have different designs, spectral responses and materials are also reviewed with reference to quantum-well parameters.

The ferromagnetic materials influence the mechanical behaviors as well as the electromagnetic responses of coated conductors. This research paper intends to study the effect of soft ferromagnetic substrate on magneto-elastic behavior in a SC/FM (superconductor / ferromagnetic) bilayer exposed to a transverse magnetic field.

This paper describes an experiment wherein electrical explosion of 0.1 mm diameter copper wires in X-pinch configuration was induced underwater using a pulsed generator producing a ~30 kA-amplitude current with a ~65 ns rise time. The readings of the wire expansion, shock waves, and copper jets were noted simultaneously which indicated that the dynamics of the jets bear a classic resemblance to the problem of a collision of two planes generating two successive cumulative jets.

This article studies the morphology of liquid droplets on hydrophobic substrates with hydrophilic stripes. Possible applications of morphology transitions for microfluidic devices are also outlined in this paper.

A response to Scott's criticism of the earlier paper by Kohiki et al. is presented. In particular the suggestion that there is no evidence for a very large eV shift in the apparent band gap of strontium bismuth tantalate is refuted.

The effects of a water layer absorbed on the surface of the porous films as caused on the paper single-shot and multi-shot laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) Hf[O.sub.2]/Si[O.sub.2] high reflective films are determined. The observed laser damage morphology of the system is shown to be highly dependent on the atmosphere.

The design of a polymer composites reinforced by carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in the form of paper sheet with significantly improved vibration and acoustic damping is reported. The results from the analysis of acoustic wave propagation provide insight into the effects of acoustic impedance discontinuity at the interfaces of the layered structure.

The article examines the article 'Convective heat transfer law for an endoreversible engine' and proves the reliability of the derived exponent of the convective heat transfer, as it is found to be working well for other optimization criteria also. The author reveals that the proposal discussed in the paper is quite reliable and hence can be used widely, even for the power plants where internal irreversibilities are included in the engines.

The article analyzes a recently published paper that focused and reported on the various characteristic features of the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity in polycrystalline [La.sub.0.7][Ca.sub.0.3][Mn.sub.1-x][Cr.sub.x][O.sub.3] manganites. The analysis denies the existence of the Kondo effect with the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction.

A method to determine the optical functions of thin-film Cu[In.sub.(1-x)][Ga.sub.x][Se.sub.2] alloys was provided in the paper 'Optical characterization of Cu[In.sub.1-x][Ga.sub.x][Se.sub.2] alloy thin films by spectroscopic ellipsometry'. An attempt is made to point out mistakes in method of determining the critical point energies and discuss the reason for using standard analytic line shape.

An investigation on the contact mechanism and design principles for alloyed Ohmic contacts to n-GaN is conducted in Mohammad's paper. Mohammad's study demonstrated that both tunneling and thermionic emission are equally important for low resistivity at the metal/n-GaN interfaces.

The applicability of a one-dimensional model as a parameter for measuring electric field close to an undulating surface is discussed. The effect of paper roughness on toner transfer in electrophotographic printing is considered as a case study.

A response to comment on 'Theoretical analysis of numerical aperture increasing lens microscopy' is presented. The respondents have identified a small error in their original paper by Ippolito et al. and express their thanks to the authors of the comment for bringing it to their attention, but however, they feel that the comment has misinterpretations that lead to erroneous calculations.

A criticism of the paper by S.Z. Karazhanov is presented. It is argued that only a two level model can satisfactorily explain the anomalous phenomena observed regarding carrier lifetime.

A comment on a previous paper concerning the response of multiple quantum well infrared photodetectors is presented. It is suggested that analysis by drift diffusion model is incorrect.

First-principles calculations of phonon modes of Beta-Si3N4 are reported in a comment on an experimental paper by Honda and colleagues, with regard to experimental micro-Raman assignments.

A critical analysis of the paper by Kohiki et al. describing eV shift in the band gap of strontium bismuth tantalate is presented. It is suggested that the data do not show any confinement energy shift whatsoever.