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Thermally stimulated techniques—thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy and thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) spectroscopy—were used to comparatively study the electrical properties and deep level defects in β-Ga2O3 pulsed laser deposited thin films and Czochralski-grown bulk crystals. It was found that the samples are highly resistive and each sample may have different dark current activation energy. Deep level defects revealed by the thermally stimulated techniques vary from sample to sample. In addition to the common traps E1 (∼0.56 eV), E2 (∼0.84 eV), and E3 (∼0.99 eV), reported in the literature and revealed by DLTS studies of Ga2O3 bulk crystals, that were also found in our samples by the thermally stimulated techniques, a trap at ∼110 meV and several other traps are revealed specifically by TSDC between 105 and 225 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report annealing induced sign reversal of dispersive optical nonlinearity in ion beam sputtered NiO thin films deposited at 30% and 70% oxygen partial pressures. In the Ultraviolet-visible spectra of the samples, the transmission peak corresponding to d-d transitions is observed near 2 eV. A shift in this peak towards higher energy was observed when the same films were annealed at 523 K. The near resonant photoinduced transitions produced giant nonlinear optical susceptibilities of both third- and fifth- orders when the annealed film was irradiated by a continuous wave 632.8 nm He-Ne laser. The role of the thermo-optic effect has been examined critically. Experimental studies further reveal that the oxygen partial pressure influences the growth direction of the grains in the thin films. The well known Z-scan experimental procedure has been followed for measurements of optical nonlinearities in all the NiO films. The nonlinear refractive indices of both the as-deposited and annealed NiO thin films are defined in terms of the thermo-optic coefficients (dn/dT)T=T0 and (d²n/dT²)T=T0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality single-crystalline Bi6FeCoTi3O18 and LaBi5FeCoTi3O18 thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction characterizations indicate a more disordered lattice structure of the LaBi5FeCoTi3O18 film. The magnetic measurement results demonstrated significantly enhanced ferromagnetism in the LaBi5FeCoTi3O18 film. The modulation of oxidation and hybridization states caused by substituting Bi with La was studied using the soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The spectroscopic results revealed the reduced concentration of oxygen vacancies and the more distorted lattice structure in the LaBi5FeCoTi3O18 film, which explained the enhanced ferromagnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]