759 results
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2. Office paper recycling: A function of container proximity.
- Author
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Krantz, Patricia J. and Brothers, Kevin J.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER recycling , *ORGANIZATIONAL behavior - Abstract
Investigates the effects of proximity of containers on pounds of office paper recycled and not recycled by employees. Recyclable paper in the trash; Recyclable paper in recycling containers; Experimental design and procedures; Results of the study.
- Published
- 1994
3. A FEEDBACK INTERVENTION TO INCREASE DIGITAL AND PAPER CHECKLIST PERFORMANCE IN TECHNICALLY ADVANCED AIRCRAFT SIMULATION.
- Author
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Rantz, William G. and van Houten, Ron
- Subjects
- *
SYNTHETIC training devices , *FLIGHT training , *SIMULATION methods & models , *COMPUTER simulation , *AIRPLANE piloting - Abstract
This study examined whether pilots operating a flight simulator completed digital or paper flight checklists more accurately after receiving postflight graphic and verbal feedback. The dependent variable was the number of checklist items completed correctly per flight. Following treatment, checklist completion with paper and digital checklists increased from 38% and 39%, respectively, to nearly 100% and remained close to 100% after feedback and praise for improvement were withdrawn. Performance was maintained at or near 100% during follow-up probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Office paper recycling: A function of container proximity.
- Author
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Brothers KJ
- Abstract
We investigated the effects of proximity of containers on pounds of office paper recycled and not recycled by 25 employees. During a memo and central container condition, one container for recyclable paper was provided; in a memo and local container condition, desktop recycling bins, announced by memo, were successively introduced across administrative, office, and instructional settings using a multiple baseline design. Only 28% of paper was recycled in the central container condition, but when recycling containers were placed in close proximity to participants, 85% to 94% of all recyclable paper was recycled. Follow-up assessments, conducted 1, 2, 3, and 7 months after all settings received local recycling containers, showed that 84% to 98% of paper was recycled. Providing desktop recycling containers was a cost-effective procedure with long-term maintenance and program survival.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
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5. Behavior change in the funny papers: feedback to cartoonists on safety belt use.
- Author
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Mathews RM and Dix M
- Subjects
- Consumer Advocacy, Head Injuries, Closed prevention & control, Humans, Kansas, Spinal Cord Injuries prevention & control, Cartoons as Topic, Feedback, Health Behavior, Health Promotion, Newspapers as Topic, Seat Belts
- Abstract
A multiple baseline across 8 nationally syndicated cartoonists evaluated the effects of personal advocacy letters encouraging presentations of a specific prevention message--the depiction of safety belt use in comic strips showing motor vehicle occupants. During baseline these cartoonists depicted safety belt use in only 15% (6 of 41) of their strips with occupied vehicles, but following receipt of a personal letter requesting safety belt use 41% (42 of 102) of their strips depicted safety belt use. Four cartoonists showed clear and immediate increases in depiction of safety belt use, 2 demonstrated delayed and somewhat less consistent belt use, and 2 cartoonists showed no change. The approach and results are discussed with regard to advocacy efforts intended to influence presentation of prevention messages in the media.
- Published
- 1992
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6. Facilitating paper recycling: effects of prompts, raffles, and contests.
- Author
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Witmer JF and Geller ES
- Abstract
The effects of prompts and reinforcement to promote paper recycling were compared in six university dormitories. For a Prompt condition, residents were urged to recycle paper for ecological reasons via flyers distributed to each room. For a Raffle contingency, residents were given one raffle ticket for every pound of paper brought to a collection center. For a Contest contingency, two dorms were paired and the dorm whose residents delivered the most paper won $15 for its treasury. Contingency awareness was strengthened via a flyer placed under the door of each resident's room. Flyers alone had little effect in increasing paper-recycling behaviors, but the raffle (substantially) and the contest (somewhat) increased the amount of paper brought to a dorm's recycling center. Students whose rooms were closest to the collection center showed the greatest participation. Removal of the reinforcement contingencies resulted in a return to baseline levels.
- Published
- 1976
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7. A "paper money" token system as a recording aid in institutional settings.
- Author
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Logan DL
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
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8. A universal behavior graph paper.
- Author
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Johnston JM
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. LGBTQ+ conversion therapy and applied behavior analysis: A call to action.
- Author
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Conine, Daniel E., Campau, Sarah C., and Petronelli, Abigail K.
- Subjects
SEXUAL orientation ,SOCIAL support ,CONVERSION therapy ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,GENDER identity ,LGBTQ+ people ,PROFESSIONAL associations - Abstract
The term conversion therapy refers to any practices intended to alter a person's sexual orientation, gender expression, gender identity, or any combination thereof. The present‐day scientific consensus is that such practices are not only ineffective, but highly harmful and fundamentally unethical. However, historical connections exist between applied behavior analysis and the design and dissemination of conversion therapy practices. The purpose of this paper is to highlight these connections and to call for further attention and action from contemporary behavior analysts on this matter. Specifically, we call for continued discussion and review of previously published conversion therapy papers according to present‐day guidelines for ethical research, position statements from professional organizations, additional ethics guidelines for behavior‐analytic practice, and future behavior‐analytic research and practice efforts that support LGBTQ+ people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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10. Applied behavior analysis and the zoo: Forthman and Ogden (1992) thirty years later.
- Author
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Fernandez, Eduardo J. and Martin, Allison L.
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ANIMAL behavior ,ONLINE information services ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ANIMAL rights ,MEDLINE ,ANIMALS - Abstract
The field of applied behavior analysis has been directly involved in both research and applications of behavioral principles to improve the lives of captive zoo animals. Thirty years ago, Forthman and Ogden (1992) wrote one of the first papers documenting some of these efforts. Since that time, considerable work has been done using behavioral principles and procedures to guide zoo welfare efforts. The current paper reexamines and updates Forthman and Ogden's original points, with attention to the 5 categories they detailed: (a) promotion of species‐typical behavior, (b) reintroduction and repatriation of endangered species, (c) animal handling, (d) pest control, and (e) animal performances. In addition, we outline 3 current and future directions for behavior analytic endeavors: (a) experimental analyses of behavior and the zoo, (b) applied behavior analysis and the zoo, and (c) single‐case designs and the zoo. The goal is to provide a framework that can guide future behavioral research in zoos, as well as create applications based on these empirical evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Revisiting the social validity of services rendered through a university‐based practicum addressing challenging behavior.
- Author
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Lambert, Joseph M., Sandstrom, Amanda L., Hodapp, Robert M., Copeland, Bailey A., Paranczak, Jessica L., Macdonald, M. Janey, and Houchins‐Juarez, Nealetta J.
- Subjects
MEDICAL quality control ,PARENT attitudes ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,PSYCHOLOGY of teachers ,SURVEYS ,HUMAN services programs ,CONFLICT (Psychology) ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,MEDICAL care for people with disabilities ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,QUALITY assurance ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,SOCIAL skills ,THEMATIC analysis ,GOAL (Psychology) - Abstract
This paper represents the third in a three‐part series intended to challenge the social validity of the services provided by a university‐based practicum for addressing the challenging behavior of individuals with disabilities. In this paper, we surveyed referring stakeholders (e.g., parents, teachers) of past service recipients to explore the acceptability of the service model's goals, methods, and outcomes. We probed for tensions resultant from the model's threefold mission (service, training, and research) and explored how conflicts between these goals affected the quality of our services. Generally, results were favorable and appeared to support continued model implementation, but not without qualification. Emergent themes, areas for improvement, and future directions for intervention research are all discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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12. There is no such thing as a bad boy: The Circumstances View of problem behavior.
- Author
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Friman, Patrick C.
- Subjects
LIFESTYLES ,HOME environment ,SELF-perception ,SOCIAL values ,BEHAVIOR disorders ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,COMPASSION ,QUALITY of life ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,SOCIAL skills - Abstract
From the beginning of recorded time human beings have assigned blame to persons who misbehave. The first prominent person to make an alternative case was Father Edward J. Flanagan, the founder of Boys Town, who proclaimed there was "no such thing as a bad boy, only bad environment, bad modeling, and bad teaching" (Oursler & Oursler, 1949, p. 7) in other words, bad circumstances. This paper will refer to this perspective as the Circumstances View of problem behavior and anchor it as the foundational idea for the field of behavior analysis. This paper will discuss the origins of the Circumstances View, the benefits that result from its adoption, reasons why its adoption is not more widespread, and suggestions for disseminating it more widely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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13. New (old) perspectives on self‐injurious and aggressive biting.
- Author
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Lloveras, Lindsay A., Slanzi, Crystal M., and Vollmer, Timothy R.
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BEHAVIORAL assessment ,PHYLOGENY ,SELF-injurious behavior ,FUNCTIONAL assessment ,AGGRESSION (Psychology) - Abstract
Functional analyses and treatments of self‐injurious behavior and aggression have shown that such behavior is often operant. In this paper, we will revisit evidence that a subset of self‐injurious and aggressive biting may be controlled primarily by antecedent events and may have phylogenetic origins. We propose that there is a research gap of more than four decades, if one considers the wealth of basic research on biting that occurred prior to 1977. To our knowledge, that body of basic research was never fully translated or directly applied within behavior analysis. It is known that organisms (including humans) sometimes bite in the presence of aversive events (broadly defined as the presentation of aversive stimuli or the removal of reinforcers). Thus, the variables controlling biting in the context of behavioral assessment and treatment require further analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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14. Cultural responsiveness in applied behavior analysis: Research and practice.
- Author
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Jimenez‐Gomez, Corina and Beaulieu, Lauren
- Subjects
ETHICS ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,CULTURAL pluralism ,CULTURAL competence ,INTELLECT ,SOCIAL attitudes ,CULTURAL awareness - Abstract
The new Ethics Code for Behavior Analysts requires that certificants engage in training related to culturally responsive service delivery (BACB, 2020). There is limited work in the area of culturally responsive evidence‐based practice within our field. Therefore, it is incumbent on researchers and practitioners to identify best practices for working with diverse populations. Hence, the purpose of this paper is three‐fold: a) to review research within and outside the field of ABA related to culturally responsive assessment and treatment and provide practice recommendations, b) to examine the extent to which current practices in behavior assessment and treatment align with aspects of culturally responsive practices, and c) to inspire research in the areas of behavior assessment and treatment to identify best practices with regard to culturally responsive behavior analytic practices. The content of this paper is grounded in the framework described by Beaulieu and Jimenez‐Gomez (2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Procedural parameters in equivalence‐based instruction with individuals diagnosed with autism: A call for systematic research.
- Author
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Shawler, Lesley A., Zhelezoglo, Karina N., Miguel, Caio F., and Brand, Denys
- Subjects
TEACHING methods ,RESEARCH evaluation ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,ABILITY ,TRAINING ,ACADEMIC achievement ,AUTISM - Abstract
Equivalence‐based instruction (EBI) is an efficient and efficacious methodology to establish equivalence classes that has been used to teach various academic skills to neurotypical adults. Although previous reviews confirmed the utility of EBI with participants with developmental disabilities, it is unclear whether certain procedural parameters are associated with positive equivalence outcomes. We extended previous reviews by categorizing studies that used EBI with individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and assessed whether any procedural parameters were associated with better equivalence responding. Due to the wide variability of procedural parameters in EBI research, the best procedural permutations to form equivalence classes with individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are still unknown. Thus, this paper serves as a call to action for applied researchers. Specifically, we encourage and invite researchers to systematically investigate the necessary variables or combination of variables that may lead to successful equivalence class formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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16. International publication trends in basic, applied, and conceptual behavior‐analytic journals.
- Author
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Curiel, Hugo and Curiel, Emily S. L.
- Subjects
BEHAVIORAL assessment ,PUBLISHING ,BEHAVIORAL research ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,BEHAVIORAL sciences ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,SOFTWARE analytics ,ARCHIVES ,AUTHORSHIP - Abstract
The analysis of international and collaborative publication trends in prominent behavior‐analytic journals has been a topic of interest for behavioral researchers. This paper focuses on publication trends from 1997 through 2020 in three prominent journals: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB), Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA), and Perspectives on Behavior Science (PBS). The variable of interest was the percentage of articles published per geographical category—Australasia/East Asia, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, North America, and Africa. The results showed that 79, 96, and 87% of the published articles in JEAB, JABA, and PBS, respectively, were conducted by researchers with a North American affiliation. Furthermore, 12, 4, and 4% of the articles in JEAB, JABA, and PBS, respectively, were coauthored by at least two researchers from different geographical categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Pavlovian learning and conditioned reinforcement.
- Author
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Madden, Gregory J., Mahmoudi, Saba, and Brown, Katherine
- Subjects
IMPULSIVE personality ,SELF-control ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,REINFORCEMENT (Psychology) ,LEARNING strategies ,LANGUAGE acquisition ,CONDITIONED response - Abstract
Conditioned reinforcers are widely used in applied behavior analysis. Basic research evidence reveals that Pavlovian learning plays an important role in the acquisition and efficacy of new conditioned‐reinforcer functions. Thus, a better understanding of Pavlovian principles holds the promise of improving the efficacy of conditioned reinforcement in applied research and practice. This paper surveys how (and if) Pavlovian principles are presented in behavior‐analytic textbooks; imprecisions and knowledge gaps within contemporary Pavlovian empirical findings are highlighted. Thereafter, six practical principles of Pavlovian conditioning are presented along with empirical support and knowledge gaps that should be filled by applied and translational behavior‐analytic researchers. Innovative applications of these principles are outlined for research in language acquisition, token reinforcement, and self‐control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Cultural responsiveness in applied behavior analysis: Self‐assessment.
- Author
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Beaulieu, Lauren and Jimenez‐Gomez, Corina
- Subjects
PROFESSIONAL ethics ,PROFESSIONS ,SELF-evaluation ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,CULTURAL pluralism ,CULTURAL competence ,CULTURAL awareness - Abstract
Culture has a substantial impact on a wide range of behaviors related to behavioral research and services such as rapport building, preferences for specific targets and treatments, communication, and even the quality of health care. The need for professionals in the field of applied behavior analysis (ABA) to incorporate culturally responsive practices is underscored by the current and projected increase in diversity in the United States. Further, the update to the Ethics Code (BACB, 2020) supports addressing diversity in behavior analytic practice. Self‐assessment of one's values, biases, and culture are a critical step in delivering culturally responsive services. The purpose of this paper is three‐fold: a) to introduce a framework for cultural responsiveness in ABA, b) to showcase research and practice recommendations from within and outside the field of ABA in the area of self‐assessment, and c) to inspire research in self‐assessment to support cultural responsiveness in ABA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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19. Editor's Note: Societal changes and expression of concern about Rekers and Lovaas' (1974) Behavioral Treatment of Deviant Sex‐Role Behaviors in a Male Child.
- Author
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LeBlanc, Linda A.
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GENDER dysphoria ,PUNISHMENT ,SERIAL publications ,SOCIAL change ,SEXUAL minorities - Abstract
In an early study in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, Rekers and Lovaas (1974) evaluated the Behavioral Treatment of Deviant Sex‐role Behaviors in a Male Child. They investigated the use of reinforcement and punishment to target non‐gender‐conforming behaviors of a 5‐year‐old male child. This study was considered by some to be controversial and concerning, even near the time of publication (Nordyke et al. 1977; Winkler, 1977). The concerns focused on the ethicality of selecting non‐gender‐conforming behavior as a target response and the use of punishment for this type of response, particularly at the behest of parents when the young child was not seemingly distressed. The study has subsequently been used as empirical support for conversion therapy creating concerns about misinterpretation of the original article and harm to the LGBTQ+ community. This editorial reviews the concerns originally presented by Nordyke et al. (1977) and Winkler (1977) and issues an official Expression of Concern about the various harms that have been associated with this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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20. Toward an explicit technology of ecological validity.
- Author
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Fahmie, Tara A., Rodriguez, Nicole M., Luczynski, Kevin C., Rahaman, Javid A., Charles, Brinea M., and Zangrillo, Amanda N.
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SOCIAL participation ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,DECISION making ,TECHNOLOGY - Abstract
Ecological validity refers to how closely an experiment aligns with real‐world phenomena. In applied behavioral research, ecological validity may guide decisions about experimental settings, stimuli, people, and other design features. However, inconsistent use of the term ecological validity in the published literature has led to a somewhat disjointed technology. The purposes of this paper were to review current uses of the term "ecological validity" in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, propose ways to make a study more ecologically valid, and develop a checklist to assist in identifying the type and degree of ecological validity in any given study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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21. Tobacco‐free policy reduces combustible tobacco byproduct on a large university campus.
- Author
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Gelino, Brett W., Salzer, Allyson R., Harsin, Joshua D., Naudé, Gideon P., Gilroy, Shawn P., and Reed, Derek D.
- Subjects
COLLEGE students ,SMOKING cessation ,COLLEGE teachers ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,GOVERNMENT policy ,HEALTH behavior ,RESEARCH funding ,TOBACCO products ,SCHOOL administration ,POLICY sciences ,BEHAVIOR modification - Abstract
Policy drives community‐level behavior change, so behavior analysts should aid empirical policy development. University campus regulation is a useful proxy for broader policy initiatives and thus is a convenient inroad for behavior analyst involvement. This paper examines behavior analytic contributions to the planning and evaluation of a university tobacco‐free initiative. We provided resources and guidance throughout early planning, and we then evaluated faculty and student compliance via byproduct (e.g., cigarette butts) counts taken at four high‐traffic sites (as flagged by preliminary surveying of campus faculty, staff, and students). Visual analysis and supplementary statistical testing support notions of (a) a meaningful and sustained reduction of combustible tobacco byproducts in all locations, and (b) a demonstrative example of behavior analytic involvement with university policy planning and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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22. Bridging the gap between laboratory and applied research on response‐independent schedules.
- Author
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Ingvarsson, Einar T. and Fernandez, Eduardo J.
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,LABORATORIES ,BEHAVIOR ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,RESPONSIBILITY ,REINFORCEMENT (Psychology) ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,REWARD (Psychology) ,SUPERSTITION ,BEHAVIOR modification - Abstract
In 1948, Skinner described the behavior of pigeons under response‐independent schedules as "superstitious," and proposed that the responses were reinforced by contiguous, adventitious food deliveries. Subsequently, response‐independent schedules have been of interest to both basic and applied researchers, first to understand the mechanisms involved, and later, as "noncontingent reinforcement" (NCR) to reduce undesirable behavior. However, the potential superstitious effects produced by these schedules have been challenged, with some researchers arguing that antecedent variables play a significant role. This paper examines the evidence for adventitious reinforcement from both laboratory and applied research, the results of which suggest that antecedent, nonoperant functions may be important in fully understanding the effects of NCR. We propose an applied‐basic research synthesis, in which attention to potential nonoperant functions could provide a more complete understanding of response‐independent schedules. We conclude with a summary of the applied implications of the nonoperant functions of NCR schedules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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23. Basic and applied research on extinction bursts.
- Author
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Fisher, Wayne W., Greer, Brian D., Shahan, Timothy A., and Norris, Halle M.
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,MATHEMATICAL models ,BEHAVIOR disorders ,THEORY ,STATISTICAL models - Abstract
Discontinuation of the contingency between a response and its reinforcer sometimes produces a temporary increase in the response before its rate decreases, a phenomenon called the extinction burst. Prior clinical and basic studies on the prevalence of the extinction burst provide highly disparate estimates. Existing theories on the extinction burst fail to account for the dynamic nature of this phenomenon, and the basic behavioral processes that control response bursting remain poorly understood. In this paper, we first review the basic and applied literature on the extinction burst. We then describe a recent refinement of the concatenated matching law called the temporally weighted matching law that appears to resolve the above‐mentioned issues regarding the extinction burst. We present illustrative translational data based conceptually on the model. Finally, we discuss specific recommendations derived from the temporally weighted matching law regarding procedures clinicians could implement to potentially mitigate or prevent extinction bursts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Description and evaluation of a function‐informed and mechanisms‐based framework for treating challenging behavior.
- Author
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Lambert, Joseph M., Copeland, Bailey A., Paranczak, Jessica L., Macdonald, M. Janey, Torelli, Jessica N., and Houchins‐Juarez, Nealetta J.
- Subjects
COMMUNITY services ,DECISION trees ,CAREGIVERS ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,FUNCTIONAL assessment ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,BEHAVIOR disorders ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,SURVEYS ,CASE studies ,PEOPLE with intellectual disabilities ,AGGRESSION (Psychology) ,MEDICAL logic - Abstract
Individualization and iterative design are essential components of the assessment and treatment of challenging behavior. Currently, there are few validated frameworks for engaging in iterative processes. Due to the nature of single‐case design, empirically rigorous evaluations of decision‐tree processes are particularly prohibitive. Notwithstanding, evaluations are needed. In this paper we first describe a function‐informed and mechanisms‐based (FIMB) framework for selecting treatment components employed by a university‐based practicum experience designed to expose pre‐service practitioners to a valid treatment process for challenging behavior. Then, we share a completed retrospective consecutive case series across a 6‐year period in which we conducted a technique analysis to identify which procedures were most commonly selected in the practicum, and the impact of those choices on client outcomes. The results suggest that the model can be highly effective for some, but not all, cases. Implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Behavior analytic contributions to public health and telehealth.
- Author
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LeBlanc, Linda A., Lerman, Dorothea C., and Normand, Matthew P.
- Subjects
BEHAVIOR therapy ,PUBLIC health ,SERIAL publications ,TELEMEDICINE - Abstract
The Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis is launching a special series on the topics of public health and telehealth. The special series begins with the articles in this issue and will continue for the next 2 to 3 issues with an open submission window until September 1, 2020. Behavior analysis has much to offer with respect to public health and much to gain from continued and expanded use of telehealth. This paper outlines the importance of these topics in the current crisis and in our ongoing evolution as a field. The historical literature in behavior analysis is reviewed for each topic along with suggestions for future research. The articles from the special series will be combined with historical contributions from JABA into a virtual issue. We encourage continued submissions on these topics even after the special series is completed as future papers will also be incorporated into the special issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Data presentation options to manage variability in physical activity research.
- Author
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Valbuena, Diego, Miller, Bryon G., Samaha, Andrew L., and Miltenberger, Raymond G.
- Subjects
ACCELEROMETERS ,PEDOMETERS ,DATA analysis ,BEHAVIORAL research ,ACCELEROMETRY ,PHYSICAL activity - Abstract
This paper presents seven tactics for managing the variability evident in some physical activity data. High levels of variability in daily step-count data from pedometers or accelerometers can make typical visual inspection difficult. Therefore, the purpose of the current paper is to discuss several strategies that might facilitate the visual interpretation of highly variable data. The seven strategies discussed in this paper are phase mean and median lines, daily average per week, weekly cumulative, proportion of baseline, 7-day moving average, change point detection, and confidence intervals. We apply each strategy to a data set and discuss the advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Toward trauma‐informed applications of behavior analysis.
- Author
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Rajaraman, Adithyan, Austin, Jennifer L., Gover, Holly C., Cammilleri, Anthony P., Donnelly, David R., and Hanley, Gregory P.
- Subjects
BEHAVIOR therapy ,MEDICAL care ,PATIENTS ,SELF-efficacy ,WOUNDS & injuries ,COMMITMENT (Psychology) ,EMPLOYEE participation in management ,PATIENT safety ,TRUST - Abstract
Despite a growing acknowledgement of the importance of understanding the impacts of trauma on therapeutic approaches across human service disciplines, discussions of trauma have been relatively infrequent in the behavior analytic literature. In this paper, we delineate some of the barriers to discussing and investigating trauma in applied behavior analysis (ABA) and describe how the core commitments of trauma‐informed care could be applied to behavior analysis. We then provide some examples of how trauma‐informed care might be incorporated into ABA practice. We conclude by suggesting opportunities to approach trauma as a viable avenue for behavior analytic research and argue that omitting trauma‐informed care from ABA could be detrimental not only to the public perception of ABA, but to the effectiveness of our assessment and treatment procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. COMPARISON OFA STIMULUS EQUIVALENCE PROTOCOL AND TRADITIONAL LECTURE FOR TEACHING SINGLE-SUBJECT DESIGNS.
- Author
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Lovett, Sadie, Rehfeldt, Ruth Anne, Garcia, Yors, and Dunning, Johnna
- Subjects
UNDERGRADUATES ,LECTURE method in teaching ,VIGNETTES (Teaching technique) ,VERBAL behavior testing ,TACT ,EXPERIMENTAL design - Abstract
This study compared the effects of a computer-based stimulus equivalence protocol to a traditional lecture format in teaching single-subject experimental design concepts to undergraduate students. Participants were assigned to either an equivalence or a lecture group, and performance on a paper-and-pencil test that targeted relations among the names of experimental designs, design definitions, design graphs, and clinical vignettes was compared. Generalization of responding to novel graphs and novel clinical vignettes, as well as the emergence of a topography-based tact response after selection-based training, were evaluated for the equivalence group. Performance on the paper-and-pencil test following teaching was comparable for participants in the equivalence and lecture groups. All participants in the equivalence group showed generalization to novel graphs, and 6 participants showed generalization to novel clinical vignettes. Three of the 4 participants demonstrated the emergence of a topography-based tact response following training on the stimulus equivalence protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Participant assent in behavior analytic research: Considerations for participants with autism and developmental disabilities.
- Author
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Morris, Cody, Detrick, Jessica J., and Peterson, Stephanie M.
- Subjects
AUTISM ,HUMAN research subjects ,BEHAVIORAL research ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities ,INFORMED consent (Medical law) ,RESEARCH ethics ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Obtaining assent from potential research participants is an important component of research for reasons related to ethics compliance, self-determination, and choice. However, unique issues arise when working with populations who cannot assent through traditional means, such as individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and related developmental disabilities (DD). The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss assent practices within behavior-analytic research to identify strategies that can be used to obtain assent from potential participants with ASD and DDs. We began with a descriptive literature review of behavior-analytic articles that included the term "assent" to identify what practices behavior analysts have used to obtain assent from participants. In short, very few articles that clearly addressed assent procedures were identified. Thus, we propose a model for gaining assent when working with individuals with ASD and DDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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30. Teaching statistical variability with equivalence-based instruction.
- Author
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Albright, Leif, Reeve, Kenneth F., Reeve, Sharon A., and Kisamore, April N.
- Subjects
COLLEGE students ,COMPUTER assisted instruction ,RESEARCH evaluation ,SELF-evaluation ,SURVEYS ,TEACHING methods ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,INTER-observer reliability ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
In the present study, equivalence-based instruction was used to teach 2 4-member classes representing high and low statistical variability to 10 college students. Computerized equivalence-based instruction with multiple-exemplar training was used to teach the classes. A pretest-training-posttest design evaluated performances on both computer-based tests and written multiple-choice tests. Scores improved from pretest to posttest on both the computerized and the multiple-choice tests for all students following equivalence-based instruction. Class-consistent selections also generalized from training to novel stimuli and to a novel context (i.e., written test). Finally, class-consistent performances maintained 1 week after equivalence-based instruction was completed. The study demonstrated that equivalence-based instruction can be used to teach labeling of statistical variability and that a selection-based teaching protocol administered on a computer can promote the emergence of responses to a written selection-based testing protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. An analysis of a system under pandemic conditions.
- Author
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Oblak, Mara K.
- Subjects
MEDICAL quality control ,HEALTH services administration ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,MEDICAL care ,REGULATORY approval ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,SOCIAL skills ,DATA analysis software ,COVID-19 pandemic ,TELEMEDICINE - Abstract
Recent events have emphasized the need for behavior‐analytic service delivery models that can remain clinically consistent and produce high‐quality outcomes while adapting to environmental change. This paper reports outcomes of an organization that adapted to changes in its service delivery model during a worldwide pandemic. The organization utilized components from the Comprehensive Application of Behavior Analysis to Schooling (CABAS®) model. The components were interconnected within the system and linked by specific interlocking contingencies. Performance data were used to make decisions within the organization on both individual and organizational levels during the transition to telehealth for clients and staff. Results are discussed in terms of how the interconnectedness of components within the organization contributed to the reliable, positive outcomes of the system during the transition to telehealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Leveraging applied behavior analysis research and practice in the service of public health.
- Author
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Normand, Matthew P., Dallery, Jesse, and Slanzi, Crystal M.
- Subjects
BEHAVIORAL research ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,PUBLIC health ,BEHAVIOR - Abstract
Human behavior plays a central role in all domains of public health. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) research and practice can contribute to public health solutions that directly address human behavior. In this paper, we describe the field of public health, identify points of interaction between public health and ABA, summarize what ABA research has already contributed, and provide several recommendations for how ABA research and practice could continue to promote public health outcomes. A clearer focus on behavior and widespread adoption of research designs and interventions informed by the ABA literature could lead to better public health outcomes. Reciprocally, better integration of public health goals and strategies into ABA research, harnessing of technology, and more collaboration would help diversify and disseminate our applied science and could yield more effective and scalable interventions to prevent and treat public health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Using telehealth to provide outpatient follow‐up to children with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder.
- Author
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Peterson, Kathryn M., Ibañez, Vivian F., Volkert, Valerie M., Zeleny, Jason R., Engler, Christopher W., and Piazza, Cathleen C.
- Subjects
TREATMENT of eating disorders ,OUTPATIENT medical care ,GOAL (Psychology) ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MEDICAL care ,MEDICAL records ,TELEMEDICINE ,PILOT projects ,ACQUISITION of data methodology ,CHILDREN - Abstract
The COVID‐19 global health crisis compelled behavior analysts to consider alternatives to face‐to‐face services to treat children with feeding disorders. Research suggests telehealth is one method behavior analysts could use to initiate or continue assessment of and treatment for feeding disorders. In the current paper, we conducted pilot studies in which we analyzed chart records of patients with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder; who graduated from an intensive, day‐treatment program; and transitioned to an outpatient follow‐up program. In Experiment 1, we analyzed the data of participants who received follow‐up both in‐clinic and via telehealth. In Experiment 2, we analyzed goal attainment for participants who received outpatient follow‐up either in‐clinic exclusively or via telehealth exclusively. Results of both studies showed that outcomes were equivalent along most dimensions for in‐clinic and telehealth services. We provide recommendations for telehealth feeding services and discuss other considerations relevant to telehealth service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Functional communication training: From efficacy to effectiveness.
- Author
-
Ghaemmaghami, Mahshid, Hanley, Gregory P., and Jessel, Joshua
- Subjects
BEHAVIOR ,COMMUNICATION education ,PSYCHOLOGY ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,PROFESSIONAL practice - Abstract
Functional communication training (FCT; Carr & Durand, 1985) is a common function‐based treatment in which an alternative form of communication is taught to reduce problem behavior. FCT has been shown to result in substantial reductions of a variety of topographically and functionally different types of problem behavior in children and adults (efficacy). The extent to which these reductions maintain in relevant contexts and result in meaningful changes in the lives of those impacted (effectiveness) is the focus of this paper. This review evaluates the degree to which FCT has been established as an evidence‐based practice in psychology (EBPP) according to the definition set out by the American Psychological Association's 2005 Presidential Task Force on Evidence‐Based Practice. Our review finds overwhelming evidence in support of FCT as an efficacious treatment but highlights significant limitations in support of its effectiveness. In order to also be recognized as an EBPP, future research on FCT will need to focus more closely on issues related to home, school, and community application, feasibility, consumer satisfaction, and more general and global changes for the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A replication of preference displacement research in children with autism spectrum disorder.
- Author
-
Sipila‐Thomas, Emma S., Foote, Alexa J., White, Allison N., Melanson, Isaac J., and Brodhead, Matthew T.
- Subjects
AUTISM ,CHILD behavior ,FOOD preferences ,LEISURE ,PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY ,REPLICATION (Experimental design) - Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to replicate previous research on preference displacement with edible and leisure stimuli. In the present study, the experimenters evaluated preference displacement in 25 children with autism spectrum disorder using combined multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessments that consisted of highly preferred edible and leisure stimuli. In addition, the experimenters used a block randomization procedure to evaluate if assessment order influenced displacement outcomes. The experimenters observed patterns of complete displacement by edible stimuli for four participants and complete displacement by leisure stimuli for two participants; assessment order did not influence outcomes. The results and implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Behavioral strategies for reducing disease transmission in the workplace.
- Author
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Gravina, Nicole, Nastasi, Jessica A., Sleiman, Andressa A., Matey, Nicholas, and Simmons, Davis E.
- Subjects
PREVENTION of communicable diseases ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission ,PREVENTION of infectious disease transmission ,BEHAVIOR modification ,DECISION making ,HAND washing ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene ,MANAGEMENT ,PERSONAL protective equipment ,STERILIZATION (Disinfection) ,SOCIAL distancing - Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic highlighted that workplaces may serve as a hub of disease transmission if proper precautions are not enacted. The Centers for Disease Control recommends several strategies for decreasing the spread of illnesses in the workplace, including a) promoting proper hand hygiene, b) cleaning and sanitizing the work area, c) encouraging sick employees to stay home, d) personal protective equipment, and, e) social distancing. Research suggests that instructions are often not sufficient to change work behaviors, and behavioral interventions may be needed. Thus, the present paper reviews existing research that informs the implementation of behavioral strategies to reduce the spread of disease in the workplace, and makes recommendations for organizations to protect employees, clients, and customers. Intervention components such as training, prompts, the reduction of response effort, clear workplace policies, feedback, and consequences are discussed, and practical recommendations and suggestions for future research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Reducing risky behavior with habit reversal: A review of behavioral strategies to reduce habitual hand‐to‐head behavior.
- Author
-
Heinicke, Megan R., Stiede, Jordan T., Miltenberger, Raymond G., and Woods, Douglas W.
- Subjects
BEHAVIOR therapy ,EPIDEMICS ,HABIT ,PUBLIC health ,RISK-taking behavior ,BEHAVIOR disorders ,COVID-19 - Abstract
Habit reversal training (HRT) has been a mainstay of behavior analysts' repertoire for nearly the last 50 years. HRT has been effective in treating a host of repetitive behavior problems. In the face of the current coronavirus pandemic, HRT has practical public health importance as a possible intervention for reducing hand‐to‐head behaviors that increase the risk of viral infection. The current paper provides a brief review of HRT for hand‐to‐head habits that is designed for a broad audience and concludes with practical suggestions, based on HRT, for reducing face‐touching behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Murray Sidman: A life of giving.
- Author
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Johnson, Cammarie, Iversen, Iver, Kenyon, Paula, Holth, Per, and Souza, Deisy G.
- Subjects
CONTROL (Psychology) ,AVOIDANCE (Psychology) ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,EXPERIENCE ,PROGRAMMED instruction - Abstract
Murray Sidman's contributions to the science of behavior span many areas including avoidance behavior, coercion and its effects, stimulus control, errorless learning, programmed learning, stimulus equivalence, and single‐subject methodology. He was also a great mentor to many and helped shape the discipline we now call behavior analysis. In this memoriam, we briefly highlight his scholarly legacy and share some personal anecdotes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. On the definition of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior.
- Author
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Vollmer, Timothy R., Peters, Kerri P., Kronfli, Faris R., Lloveras, Lindsay A., and Ibañez, Vivian F.
- Subjects
BEHAVIOR therapy ,REINFORCEMENT (Psychology) ,BEHAVIOR disorders - Abstract
Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) has a long history as a behavioral treatment. The term has usually been defined in a manner that suggests one form of behavior (usually some appropriate alternative) is reinforced, while another form of behavior (usually problem behavior) is placed on extinction. In this paper, we will suggest that DRA should not require extinction, either procedurally or by definition. Ideally, problem behavior would be placed on extinction when possible; however, when problem behavior is not or cannot be placed on extinction, the procedure used is still DRA. Thus, we propose the following definition: Providing greater reinforcement, along at least one dimension, contingent on the occurrence of one form or type of behavior, while minimizing reinforcement for another form or type of behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The consecutive controlled case series: Design, data‐analytics, and reporting methods supporting the study of generality.
- Author
-
Hagopian, Louis P.
- Subjects
EXPERIMENTAL design ,RESEARCH methodology ,CASE studies ,RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,SOFTWARE analytics - Abstract
Single‐case experimental designs (SCEDs) have proven invaluable in research and practice because they are optimal for asking many experimental questions relevant to the analysis of behavior. The consecutive controlled case series (CCCS) is a type of study in which a SCED is employed in a series of consecutively encountered cases that undergo a common procedure or share a common characteristic. Additional design elements, data‐analytic, and reporting methods enable researchers to ask experimental questions relevant to the study of generality of procedures and processes. The current paper discusses the CCCS methodologies, including the retrospective, prospective, and randomized CCCS. These methodologies can be applied to examine the generality of clinical procedures (including their general efficacy, the limits of their generality, and variables that may mediate generality); study the epidemiology and phenomenology of clinical problems; and compare the efficacy of 2 clinical procedures within a randomized controlled trial combining SCEDs with randomized group designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. An analysis of the value of token reinforcement using a multiple‐schedule assessment.
- Author
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Fiske, Kate E., Isenhower, Robert W., Bamond, Meredith J., and Lauderdale‐Littin, Stacy
- Subjects
TREATMENT of autism ,BEHAVIOR modification ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,REINFORCEMENT (Psychology) - Abstract
Token systems are widely used in clinical settings, necessitating the development of methods to evaluate the reinforcing value of these systems. In the current paper, we replicated the use of a multiple‐schedule reinforcer assessment (MSA; Smaby, MacDonald, Ahearn, & Dube, 2007) to evaluate the components of a token economy system for 4 learners with autism. Token systems had reinforcing value similar to primary reinforcers for 2 of the 4 learners, but resulted in lower rates of responding than primary reinforcers for the other 2 learners. Differentiated responding across learners may warrant variation in clinical recommendations on the use of tokens. The results of this study support formal assessment of token system effectiveness, and the MSA procedure provides an efficient method by which to conduct such assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The importance of multiple exemplar instruction in the establishment of novel verbal behavior.
- Author
-
LaFrance, Danielle L. and Tarbox, Jonathan
- Subjects
AUTISM ,BEHAVIOR modification ,LANGUAGE & languages ,REINFORCEMENT (Psychology) ,VERBAL behavior ,TEACHING methods - Abstract
According to traditional linguistic accounts language, and its generative nature, cannot be taught. From a behavior analytic perspective, language is like any other behavior; it is learned and amenable to change. Based upon Skinner's radical behavioral analysis of verbal behavior, specific procedures have been designed to promote novel verbal relations. However, despite the strength and utility of this approach, using behavioral principles to understand the generativity of language has been challenging. Dependent upon the specific theory (e.g., stimulus equivalence, relational frame theory, bidirectional naming) within the radical behavioral orientation, researchers arrange unique procedures to evaluate the variables responsible for this phenomenon. This paper presents the commonalities and differences of two procedures (i.e., multiple exemplar training, multiple exemplar instruction) with examples of research highlighting the use of both in producing generativity. Further, it describes how multiple exemplar instruction is independent from other procedures leading to this outcome, and concludes by providing recommendations for both research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Use of an explicit rule decreases procrastination in university students.
- Author
-
Johnson, Paul E., Perrin, Christopher J., Salo, Allen, Deschaine, Elyssa, and Johnson, Beth
- Subjects
UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,COLLEGE students ,PROBABILITY theory ,REWARD (Psychology) ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SELF-management (Psychology) ,T-test (Statistics) ,TIME ,WRITING ,TASK performance ,BEHAVIOR modification ,INTER-observer reliability ,CONTENT mining ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MANN Whitney U Test - Abstract
The procrastination behavior of students from a small rural university was decreased by presenting them with a rule indicating that a sooner final due date for a writing assignment would be contingent on procrastination during earlier phases of the paper. A counterbalanced AB BA design was used to measure the effects of the rule-based treatment across 2 introductory psychology classes ( N = 33). Overall, participants engaged in less procrastination, missed fewer deadlines, and produced higher quality writing in the treatment condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Precursor behavior and functional analysis: A brief review.
- Author
-
Heath, Hayden and Smith, Richard G.
- Subjects
REINFORCEMENT (Psychology) ,SOCIAL skills ,BEHAVIOR disorders ,FUNCTIONAL assessment - Abstract
Researchers have developed precursor functional analyses to provide an alternative, and presumably safer, format for functional analysis of severe problem behavior. When researchers use functional analysis contingencies for precursor behaviors, it is possible to infer functional characteristics about severe problem behaviors based on patterns of less severe precursor behaviors, permitting practitioners to complete the assessment with less risk to clients, practitioners, or others. The current paper discusses recent advances in the development and validation of precursor identification, and offers suggestions and future directions for investigating and implementing precursor functional analyses. We propose a decision‐making model, in which practitioners integrate procedures to identify precursors into the functional‐analysis process, to expedite the analysis of severe problem behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Practical implications of evaluating the efficiency of listener and tact instruction for children with autism.
- Author
-
Delfs, Caitlin H. and Frampton, Sarah E.
- Subjects
TREATMENT of autism ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,TEACHING methods - Abstract
Recent literature reviews have highlighted the need to better understand the relation between speaker and listener behavior when teaching learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current paper outlines the practical implications of evaluating the emergence of tact and listener behavior during instruction for the opposite relation, as presented in the preceding article 'Evaluating the Efficiency of Listener and Tact Instruction for Children with Autism.' Modifications of those procedures for clinical use as well as future directions for research in this area are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Behavioral contrast: Research and areas for investigation.
- Author
-
Boyle, Megan A., Hoffmann, Audrey N., and Lambert, Joseph M.
- Subjects
BEHAVIOR modification ,MEDICAL research ,REINFORCEMENT (Psychology) ,RESEARCH ,SOCIAL skills ,BEHAVIORAL research ,RESEARCH personnel - Abstract
Behavioral contrast occurs when a change in reinforcement rate in one context results in a change in behavior in the opposite direction in an unchanged context. Despite decades of study by basic researchers, behavioral contrast has remained largely an unstudied phenomenon among applied researchers. The purpose of this paper is to occasion translational and applied research on behavioral contrast with the aim of predicting and controlling socially significant behavior in unchanged contexts. We present a brief history of contrast and related definitions, review research with human and nonhuman subjects, and suggest future directions for applied and translational researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Token reinforcement: Translational research and application.
- Author
-
Hackenberg, Timothy D.
- Subjects
BEHAVIOR ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,COMPARATIVE studies ,REINFORCEMENT (Psychology) ,REWARD (Psychology) ,SYSTEMATIC reviews - Abstract
The present paper provides an integrative review of research on token reinforcement systems, organized in relation to basic behavioral functions and economic variables. This type of functional taxonomy provides a useful way to organize the literature, bringing order to a wide range of findings across species and settings, and revealing gaps in the research and areas especially ripe for analysis and application. Unlike standard translational research, based on a unidirectional model in which the analysis moves from laboratory to the applied realm, work in the area of token systems is best served by a bidirectional interplay between laboratory and applied research, where applied questions inspire research on basic mechanisms. When based on and contributing to an analysis, applied research on token economies can be on the leading edge of theoretical advances, helping set the scientific research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. "Why don't behavior analysts do something?"1 Behavior analysts' historical, present, and potential future actions on sexual and gender minority issues.
- Author
-
Capriotti, Matthew R. and Donaldson, Jeanne M.
- Subjects
ETHICS ,HEALTH services accessibility ,CONVERSION therapy ,CONVERSATION ,DEBATE ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,HEALTH status indicators ,PSYCHOLOGY ,SOCIAL sciences ,SEXUAL minorities ,LGBTQ+ people - Abstract
For thousands of years, societies actively practiced the oppression, persecution, and dehumanization of sexual and gender minority (SGM) people (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer individuals). Rekers and Lovaas' (1974) study is part of that history within behavior analysis. Following requests for retraction, the Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior and LeBlanc (2020) issued a formal Expression of Concern about the work. Continued conversation and debate have followed. First, we contextualize debate around retraction of Rekers and Lovaas and the history of behavior analysts' work on SGM issues. Second, we propose 5 steps that leaders in behavior analysis can take with relative immediacy, and we describe 5 research areas that individual behavior analysts could pursue. We conclude that behavior analysts can contribute much toward the liberation of SGM individuals if we begin to bring our science to bear on pressing, socially significant issues facing SGM communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. TRANSPORTABILITY OF EQUIVALENCE-BASED PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION: EFFICACY AND EFFICIENCY IN A COLLEGE CLASSROOM.
- Author
-
FIENUP, DANIEL M. and CRITCHFIELD, THOMAS S.
- Subjects
COLLEGE students ,CONTROL groups ,CONDITIONED response ,EQUIVALENCY tests ,DECISION making ,EFFECTIVE teaching ,TEACHING methods - Abstract
College students in a psychology research-methods course learned concepts related to inferential statistics and hypothesis decision making. One group received equivalence-based instruction on conditional discriminations that were expected to promote the emergence of many untaught, academically useful abilities (i.e., stimulus equivalence group). A negative control group received no instruction, and a positive (complete instruction) control group received instruction on all possible relations (those taught to, and emerging untaught in, the stimulus equivalence group). On posttests, the stimulus equivalence group performed as well as the positive control group (and both outperformed the negative control group), but those in the equivalence-based instruction condition achieved this outcome with significantly less training, thereby demonstrating the efficiency of equivalence-based instruction. Social validity measures indicated that participants found the instruction to be beneficial and as enjoyable as traditional teaching methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Examination of efficacious, efficient, and socially valid error-correction procedures to teach sight words and prepositions to children with autism spectrum disorder.
- Author
-
Kodak, Tiffany, Campbell, Vincent, Bergmann, Samantha, LeBlanc, Brittany, Kurtz‐Nelson, Eva, Cariveau, Tom, Haq, Shaji, Zemantic, Patricia, and Mahon, Jacob
- Subjects
AUTISM ,EDUCATION of children with disabilities ,ABILITY ,READING ,REINFORCEMENT (Psychology) ,REPLICATION (Experimental design) ,TRAINING ,TEACHING methods ,INTER-observer reliability ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Prior research shows that learners have idiosyncratic responses to error-correction procedures during instruction. Thus, assessments that identify error-correction strategies to include in instruction can aid practitioners in selecting individualized, efficacious, and efficient interventions. The current investigation conducted an assessment to compare 5 error-correction procedures that have been evaluated in the extant literature and are common in instructional practice for children with autism spectrum disorder ( ASD). Results showed that the assessment identified efficacious and efficient error-correction procedures for all participants, and 1 procedure was efficient for 4 of the 5 participants. To examine the social validity of error-correction procedures, participants selected among efficacious and efficient interventions in a concurrent-chains assessment. We discuss the results in relation to prior research on error-correction procedures and current instructional practices for learners with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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