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A paper-based colorimeter for absorbance and concentration measurement of the food colouring dye is proposed. The paper-based colorimeter system consists of a white LED as light source, paper-based cuvette holder, and smartphone light sensor. The paper-based colorimeter with smartphone light sensor is low-cost, mobile and real-time for the detection of colouring dye concentration. The detection response of the paper-based colorimeter system was found to be linear with the colouring dye concentration in the range from 0 to 0.025 g/mL with a correlation coefficient (R2) 0.89±0.04. The experimental results show that this paper-based colorimeter system is highly sensitive and have a potential application, from student labs to small industries.

The study is done at a paper company in west java by doing evaluation of waste paper supplier of raw materials with the aim of gaining evaluation criteria supplier and ranking supplier. The process of making evaluation criteria supplier is done by using the method hierarchy (AHP) analytical process and ranking with the approach of the supplier technique for order preference by similarity to (TOPSIS) solution of a problem. according data processing by using both the main criterion used this method produced 6, the quality criteria, delivery, the price of, resources, service, and company management and putting quality criteria as the criteria with the weighting for 30,7 % of as much as. While the supplier of ranking. the best supplier PT. CMN and PT. AMN supplier as the worst alternative supplier of 5. Made with a model evaluation criteria and ranking supplier is expected to supplier evaluation process useful for other types of businesses the same paper companies.

Keywords are used to facilitate searches, inaccurate keyword determination, which can result in searches for journals that do not match the intended title. To overcome this, it is necessary to implement a keyword search in the abstract using deep learning methods from a journal to produce the right keywords that will distinguish journals from one another. The purpose of this study is to implement a keyword search system in abstracts using the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) method as an abstract word search system that produces keyword answers that have context according to the desired keyword results. The results of this study get optimal results in the epoch 500, and from these results using a dataset with of 444 training data and 10 test data for testing.

Various data and information in the form of documents will accompany every activity in an institution. The existence of a reliable management to create, store, record, distribute, and maintain documents is needed to generate dynamic information traffic. In addition, the application of document processing can reduce the use of paper in every activity of an institution which will indirectly reduce excessive forest exploitation. The purpose of this research is to analyse digitizing archive application as an integrated archive management application to reduce the use of paper in every activity of an institution. Qualitative descriptive methods was used as a research methodology. The result of this study based of the analysis of the digitizing archive application that has been done in terms of data and procedures can be concluded that digitizing archive application can reduce the use of paper as a document in various institutional activities.

We have investigated the problem of underwater hazy image enhancement and restoration in this paper studied. Underwater image processing has several applications in the field of oceanic research work and scientific applications such as archaeology, geology, underwater environmental assessment, laying of long distance gas pipelines and communication links across the continents which demand geo-referential surveying of the oceanic bed and prospection of ancient shipwreck. There are many difficulties for undersea optical imaging. To submerging a camera in underwater enough space is required. The maneuvering of the camera with the help from remote place or in person at the site is likewise a complex task. However, the major challenge is imposed by underwater medium properties. Underwater haze image enhancement has gained widespread importance with the rapid development of modern imaging equipment. Though, the contrast enhancement of single underwater hazy image is a cumbersome task for scientific exploration and computational application. At extreme depth, because of attenuation in light propagation, the underwater images are susceptible to inferior visibility.

Microfluidic paper-based analytical device has been fabricated and subsequently applied to determine the Vitamin C level of the non-seasonal fruit i.e pineapples, oranges, guavas, and apples in Indonesia. µPAD was prepared by creating a hydrophobic barrier on Whatman Chromatography paper No. 1 in a certain pattern printed using Xerox Colorcube 8580 DN-2. 0.05 µl of 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol was dispersed into a detection area on the µPAD devices prior to the addition of 0.2 µl of fruits juice samples. The barrier allowed the fruits juice to flow and alter the color of the reagents through a redox reaction. Vitamin C in fruit juice altered the color of 2.6-Dichlorophenolindophenol reagent into a pinkish color. The changing of the reagent color was then processed using Image J software to determine the RGB intensity level. The results showed that the average amounts of Vitamin C in pineapples, oranges, guavas, and apples are 0.05%, 0.05%, 0.08%, and 0.04% respectively.

FMEA is a widely selected tool for the application of machinery breakdown prevention. This research adopted FMEA technique to reduce and prevent the breakdown of the important equipment of a large commercial paper machine that has capacity of 200,000 tonnes per annum located in the Northeast area of Thailand. This research accomplished the improvement of preventive maintenance in other machines for rapid implementation and improved machine inspections. After implementation, the downtime of paper machine belonging to maintenance department responsibility reduced significantly 5 hours per month by average, machine availability, OEE, and MTBF increased 0.46%, 0.51%, and 10 hours respectively. The machine downtime has been on the downward trend.

The Tea packaging paper sack process at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII is done manually using human labor to lift paper sack weighing 40-60 kg. This condition makes it harder for the labor and increases the risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). In the existing condition, the RULA score is seven which have high risk of work accidents. To minimize the risk of MSDs, a proposed work tool is designed using the Ergonomic Function Deployment approach to produce ergonomic tools. The proposed work tool was developed with the ESHCE principle (Effective, Safe, Healthy, Comfortable, and Efficient) which became a variable in meeting the Ergonomic Function Deployment (EFD) approach. The research results showed that the proposed work tools could help workers in carrying out packaging activities with the decrease in the RULA value on the labor’s posture and could reduce processing time because it united all activities in the packaging area. So it can be concluded that the proposed work tools can reduce the risk of MSDs and can help workers to process the packaging of tea with minimum time.

The paper cutting machine using eye-mark sensor is used to cut the papers in equal and accurate dimensions. The main principle of this method is used to reduce the human power and time consumption by eliminating the wastage of the raw materials. Eye-mark sensor is used to sense the colour present on the paper and make the machine to cut on the place where the paper is marked. It has a transmitter and the receiver which the sends the light signal through transmitter and it senses the colour. The sensed signal is received through the receiver. When the signal is received the roller motor is stopped and the cutter motor is started. The cutter motor completes its rotation and again the paper roll is feed. This system can be applicable for paper cutting industry and it is a low cost solution which increases the production process.

Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a method of measuring the usage effectiveness of the equipment. This method is known as an application of a Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) program. The ability to clearly identify the source of problem and it causal factors is the main advantage of this method since the improvement effort becomes focused. Pulp and Paper Industries is one of the manufacturing companies that produce dissolving pulp products (rayon fibre). Based on data from the fibre line department, for the period of January - July 2016, the production process of rayon fibre often experienced constraints due to the high downtime and losses in the pulp machine. This is caused of using production process equipment that had not operate optimally. It is important to find out the source of the problem and its causal factors before the company makes any improvement effort. This study aims to identify equipment losses and measure the achievement of OEE values in the pulp machine. The measurement result shows that the average of the effectiveness of pulp machine for the period of January - July 2016 was 74.01% and based on Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance (JIPM) the value has not reached the standard that is > 85%, however, there is still possibility for improvement. One of the loss factors that give the most significant effect on the overall equipment effectiveness of the pulp machine is the reducing speed, where it comprises 27.6% of the loss. One way to minimize the loss is by maintaining the actual speed of operation and maintaining wear on each pulp machine roll.

In today’s competitive world, companies are required to increase productivity and produce high-quality products while managing their operational efficiency. This leads a firm to involve its performing suppliers by taking into account multiple factors. For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), despite its importance, supplier selection is less considered. In this study, a case study for evaluating supplier selection factors in a small-medium scale paper manufacturer in Indonesia is demonstrated using the fuzzy best-worst method (fuzzy BWM). The BWM method that provides a structurally consistent factors comparison through the best and the worst criteria is extended using a fuzzy set to address the ambiguity from decision-makers’ judgement. The evaluation includes five supplier criteria: service, flexibility and delivery, reputation, quality, and purchasing cost. To determine the fuzzy criteria’ weights, the nonlinearly constrained optimization problem was introduced. The result indicated that the best and the worst criteria were respectively service and purchasing cost, while the service criterion was weakly crucial than quality. Besides, the Fuzzy BWM has also provided high consistency in the comparison. The optimal weights determined in this study can be applied for ranking suppliers for further attempts.

Breast Cancer is most popular and growing disease in the world. Breast Cancer is mostly found in the women. Early detection is a way to control the breast cancer. There are many cases that are handled by the early detection and decrease the death rate. Many research works have been done on the breast cancer. The Most common technique that is used in research is machine learning. There are many previous researches that conducted through the machine learning. Machine learning algorithms like decision tree, KNN, SVM, naïve bays etc. gives the better performance in their own field. But now days, a new developed technique is used to classify the breast cancer. The new developed technique is deep learning. Deep learning is used to overcome the drawbacks of machine learning. A deep learning technique that is mostly used in data science is Convolution neural network, Recurrent neural network, deep belief network etc. deep learning algorithms gives the better results as compared to machine learning. It extracts the best features of the images. In our research, CNN is used to classify the images. Basically our research is based on the images and CNN is most popular technique to classify the images. In present paper, reviews of all authors are conducted.

The problem of the planning of pulp and paper production has been investigated, a complex of model and algorithmic programs as well as a software of an automated system of planning and calculating of the cutting methods on a longitudinal slitting machine (LSM) is expected to be a result of this planning. An integrated model for planning paper production and multi-stage cutting of rolled and sheet products has been proposed based on methods, models and algorithms of optimal cutting from the condition of the ensuring the products orders fulfillment with minimal losses. A scientifically based method and algorithm of generating a set of acceptable ways of rolls cutting, criteria of generating a set of acceptable ways of rolls cutting as well as an integer algorithm of the result of the problem solving have been considered. All real restrictions encountered in the manufacturing sector have been taken into account. The results of the planning models usage for real production process have been presented.

This system uses the STM32F103 single-chip microcomputer as the control center, and the capacitance-to-digital converter FDC2214 collects the current paper value, performs data collection and transmits it to the main control single-chip microcomputer. Methods: Calculate accurate data through Kalman filtering, and accurately calculate and display the number of measured paper sheets on this basis. The device also sets a buzzer to accurately short circuit alarm. The circuit structure of the entire system is simple, and the reliability is high. Results: The system has high precision and fast speed, and can complete the basic requirements and expansion requirements of the problem. Although it is limited by time and venue, it can also have a high reference value for the design of practical applications such as detecting the number of banknotes. Conclusions: Experimental test results show that this design can complete the basic indicators required by the topic and play part of the content. This paper focuses on the hardware design, software design and test result analysis of the system.

The present paper is about the flapping mechanism of a paper locked inside a file. The investigation consists of visualization of flapping phenomenon and acoustic measurements resulting from the flapping. The normal ceiling fan is used as a source for the flow. The axial flow is converted to wall jet flow by using a surface perpendicular to the axis of the fan. The file placed with an offset from the fan which produces instabilities and in turn triggers the flapping mechanism. A super slow-motion camera is used to record the phenomenon and a microphone is used for acoustic measurements. The time-series results reveal the intermittent nature of the flow. The acoustic measurements reveal the noise sources and their frequencies via Fast Fourier Transformation.

Scheduling is one of the most important classes of combinatorial problems. One of the first problem to be studied in the scheduling theory is the problem of minimizing the makespan in flowshop. In flowshop, the products which is produced have the same sequences. The heuristic algorithms are the key to solving the problem with the optimal solution. To find or to approach nearer to the optimal solution, the meta-heuristic algorithms can be used and the heuristic algorithms as the first solution. One of heuristic algorithm that can be used is Campbell, Dudek and Smith (CDS). Also, the meta-heuristic algorithms that can be used are Tabu Search and Genetic Algorithm. The aim of this paper is to know the gap among the other methods in flowshop scheduling system to reach the optimum makespan.

One of the most important topics that concern many researchers is how to make information that has a high degree of confidentiality hidden and not accessible except by the people who have the authority to view it, images are one of the most important multimedia that can be used as a cover to include the data, because the image contains how much A huge amount of data that can include confidential information in it, as well as the image is one of the most multimedia that is sent and received thus that the process of messaging with pictures does not arouse suspicion, this research provided a detailed study of a group of articles that used the image as a cover in the inclusion of information Confidentiality, and focus was on the most important domains of strength in each article. Articles were studied from 2013 to 2020 that were published at the containers of Scopes, and Google Scholar.

The Intrusion-detection systems (IDS) is currently one of the most important security tools. However, an IDS-based hybrid model offers better results than crime detection using the same algorithm. However, hybrid models based on conventional algorithms still face different problems. The objective of this study was to provide information on the most important assumptions and limitations of close hybrid analysis based on criminal analysis and to analyze the limitations of the new machine learning algorithm (FLN) to obtain IDS-based advice.

This article analyzes the noise signal of the packaging machine coupling through artificial intelligence technology, performs feature extraction and analysis on it, and realizes the status recognition and health analysis of the device. This method can successfully analyze the machinery and equipment to find the manual inspection. The problem that is neglected, the method of monitoring packaging equipment through noise energy is a new method with great potential for the actual plant environment.

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) is one of the ergonomic risks due to manual activity, non-neutral posture and repetitive motion. The purpose of this study is to measure risk and implement ergonomic interventions to reduce the risk of MSD on the paper pallet assembly work station. Measurements to work posture are done by Ovako Working Posture Analysis (OWAS) methods and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, while the measurement of work repetitiveness was using Strain Index (SI) method. Assembly processes operators are identified has the highest risk level. OWAS score, Strain Index, and REBA values are 4, 20.25, and 11. Ergonomic improvements are needed to reduce that level of risk. Proposed improvements will be developed using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method applied with Axiomatic House of Quality (AHOQ) and Morphological Chart. As the result, risk level based on OWAS score & REBA score turn out from 4 & 11 to be 1 & 2. Biomechanics analysis of the operator also shows the decreasing values for L4-L5 moment, compression, joint shear, and joint moment strength.

In the modern era Computerized Numeric control (CNC) machines are widely used in most of the industries around the world. Nowadays this technology has been used in almost all industries for different operations like cutting, milling, welding, etc. This paper presents the design and manufacturing of a solar powered, portable LASER CNC machine for cutting paper and fabric. The design procedure includes the calculations for finding torque required to run the machine, Factor of Safety etc. Modelling and analysis of the machine is carried out using soft wares like Solid Works and Ansys. The electronic circuit included in the assembly will convert the G-Codes into movements of CNC machine. Incorporation of Solar panels into the assembly helped to make this CNC machine work on clean energy. The results show that the machine is feasible at a reasonable cost for applications where speed and repeatability is achieved while not compromising on accuracy.

Start your abstract here… As there is a development in surge hour gridlock especially in the midst of the apex hours of the day, it is difficult to stop the vehicle in the halting opening. To handle this issue we are proposing sagacious halting system. So we are proposing a Shrewd ceasing system which enables the customer to find the nearest halting domain and gives openness of halting spaces in that individual ceasing zone. It prevalently revolve around diminishing the time in finding the halting openings and moreover it keeps up a vital separation from the unnecessary voyaging. Along these lines it decreases the fuel use. This system uses Cloud Computing and Internet of things

The building must be maintained to keep it in optimal operation in giving service and it is vital and also it can be influenced towards the building performance. Therefore, immediately after construction of the building project is completed, maintenance start to set in. The conducive environment that provided for the buildings will give a good performance and significant impact. Therefore, building maintenance is crucial in making sure the buildings can deliver a good service or function, but in certain reason building maintenance and repair activities that were not performed when they should have been will be deferred. Deferred maintenance occurs because there is no efficiency in managing building maintenance. Deferred maintenance has become a pressing issue in many countries and have adverse effects to the organization (stakeholders and users). Hence, this study is intended to provide definitions, issues and challenges of deferred maintenance of the buildings.

A This paper presents a various literatures, studies, transcripts and papers aiming to provide an overview of some theories and existing research on the significance of natural environments and green open spaces to achieve social interaction and outdoor recreation. The main objective of the paper is to identify the factors that affecting social interaction in green open spaces, through proving that an appropriate open spaces is important to enhance social interaction and community. This study employs (qualitative) summarizing content analysis method which mainly focused on collect and summarizing of documentation such as transcripts, articles, papers, and books from more than 25 source, regarding the importance of public open spaces for the community. The summarizing content analysis of this paper is the fundament for a qualitative oriented procedure of text interpretation used to analyse the information gathered. Results of this study confirms that sound social interaction need an appropriate physical space including criteria of: design, activities, access and linkage, administration and maintenance, place attachment and users' characteristics, also previous studies in this area have a health perspective with measures of physical activity of open spaces in general.

A rotating mechanical components in machineries like bearings, gears, pulleys, belt drives etc. are major components in any rotating machinery. The failure of these components leads to downtime of machines and reduction in production. Significant economic losses will be caused due to an unexpected failure of these components. Belt drives are widely employed in various industrial equipment. Finding the early fault symptoms in the belt drive is very important. This can be achieved by various methods. For detecting faults and monitoring the condition of a belt drive, the vibration signal can be used as one of the parameter. Thus, vibration signal can be used as a procedure for predictive maintenance and it is used for machinery maintenance decisions. The changes in vibration signals due to fault can be detected by employing signal processing methods. It can be used to evaluate the health status of the machinery. The nature and severity of the problem can be determined by analysing the vibration signal and hence the failure can be predicted. Signature of the fault in the machine is carried by the vibration signal. It is possible to have early fault detection by analysing these vibration signals. Different signal processing techniques are used for processing these signals. The various techniques used for fault diagnosis based on vibration analysis method are discussed in this paper. The application of the artificial intelligence techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), fuzzy sets and other emerging technologies are discussed.

Instead of that conventional method of chemical (sanitizer spray) disinfection, this paper introduces a novel idea to fight the attack of microbes causing infections and diseases from the source like lavatory and specially its seat. Here we utilize the germicidal power of ultra violet light ray’s. i.e. Ultra Violet C range of the light spectrum against the viruses (SARS-CoV-2), bacteria (E. coli) and other microbes. This system of disinfection constitutes the UV LEDs placed on the arm above the toilet seat. The range of wavelength is from 200nm to 280nm. Implementation of this technique ensures safety, by human free room with the automatic motion control using Arduino, motor and door locking gadgets. UVC light is very advantageous over other methods as it is eco-friendly, chemical free, non-corrosive, and no hazardous waste is produced and also inactivates viruses by attacking the DNA strands in the microbes ensuring that the replication does not happen further stops spreading of contagious diseases leading to pandemic. Usage of toilet paper and other methods used conventionally could come to an end. Thus an effective idea is derived for the hygiene establishment.

Organizations constantly work towards process improvements in their day to day activities. Material and information flow in the process is to be controlled to successfully manage and control any process in the organization. Information flow in the production process is a key area to focus on effectivity analysis and performance improvement. Considering a poultry feed production process of a poultry firm that produces commercial broiler chicken. Poultry feed is required to feed the chickens. Several ingredients are required to produce poultry feed, which includes maize, soya, fats, essential nutrients, and medicines. Feed manufacturing requires skills and experience in the areas of nutrition, medicine and disease control. The paper introduces to the general continuous poultry feed manufacturing practices and the use of tools to analyse the process, later in the paper is process analysis which includes present analysis of the production process. The effectivity of the processes is also discussed in the paper with the use of generic simulation software. The experimentation of the processes is done using by creating models of the system, these models are created to increase the production efficiency and decreasing the non-value-added activities. Finally, giving the output as results in the conclusion. The paper also includes the gap in the processes involved which can be studied further by the researchers.

In the current scenario, all the developing countries majorly depend on the Transportation sector for this they need a high volume of fuel resources this made the developing countries bargain from the oil-producing countries. Due to the high demand for fuel, price hike which brings a burden to the people, emission of CO2 leads to the pollution which in turn causing damage to the Atmosphere. To reduce the pollution and price hike we need an alternate solution like Biodiesel for this the biodiesel from palmarosa grass oil can be used as fuel at the different blends, the properties of the fuel, Performance, Emission, brake thermal efficiency, Specific fuel consumption are analysed at the different blends of Diesel and Biodiesel at the four-stroke diesel engine at different load condition and various mixtures of biofuel (P10, P20, P30). The result of the experiment shows that biodiesel blends P30 gives the maximum brake thermal efficiency of 35.18% which is comparatively lower than diesel. Thus, the biodiesel blend of P30 has a reduction in the emission of CO2 and HC at the level of 5% and 4%, where carbon monoxide emission is slightly reduced compared to diesel.

The characteristics of fruits are varying based on moisture content. The sulphur is fumigated to copra as preservative. As per WHO report the 65% children are suffered with asthmatic are sensitive and 75% of children are changes in behavior. It is difficult to identify sulphur added copra manually. In this proposed work drying process is used to identify the sulphur content of copra by comparative analysis with normal copra. The drying process leads to change in features like shape, colour and texture content of copra. The copra is dried in tray drier at 60°C for a regular interval of time. The image is capture at regular interval of time, GLCM features are extracted and compared between sulphur added and normal copra. The results are analyzed at different levels.

Maintenance activities are a particular concerned at PT XYZ, which is the largest cement producer in Eastern Indonesia. PT XYZ has five main factories located in Pangkep, South Sulawesi, units 1,2,3,4, and 5. In 2019, PT XYZ’s five clinker production only reached 2,445,515 tons or 93, 64% of the target. The details, raw meal production was not achieved, namely 4,041,377 tons or 96.54% of the target set by the company due to the unplanned shutdowns. This research tries to control the breakdowns of raw mill machine by evaluating the availability and day of operation (calendar day). The availability analysis method used is the discrete system simulation approach because the discrete system simulation can accommodate random behavior and dependence between variables. In the existing condition, system availability is 72.83% and calendar day is 239 days. These two parameters are still less than the target. To overcome this problem, experimentation was carried out with 3 scenarios. The best simulation results shows that the preventive maintenance activities changes the value of TTF (Time to Failure), TTR (Time to Repair), and reduces the duration of overhaul activities. This can increase the availability to 83.04% and calendar day to 255 days.

The study is devoted to the defects organizational causes analysis in the machine building products production process. The companies with the small batch production were taken into consideration. Factors related to the time norms fulfilling percentage, the work rhythm, the consolidation of operations at one workplace, the new technologies introduction and equipment failures were chosen. A preliminary factors selection according to independence criteria allowed us to build a reliable regression model for the defects rate calculating. The main factors influencing the defects rate in small batch production are the time norms fulfilling percentage, the rate of consolidation of operations at one workplace, and the number of new technological processes introduced. This allowed us to offer recommendations on the machining sites work organization. The final operations and productswhich are made from expensive metals should be carried out at workplaces with a low rate of operations consolidation. Also, it is important that the wage system should not contribute to over-fulfillment of norms. The maintenance and repair system should prevent malfunctions during operations fulfilment.

PT. Makassar Tene is one of the manufacturing industries that produce refined sugar from raw sugar as basic materials. Most of the refined sugar production process has been carried out automatically, but it still requires regular supervision and monitoring from the operator to ensure the smoothness and accuracy of the sugar processing steps in reducing the number of defect products significantly. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a method to identify product failures based on potential causes. FMEA is used to determine the value of Risk Priority Number (RPN), then further identified as the main focus in determining the root of the potential cause using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). The application of FTA can provide suggestions for improvements and controls in order to help companies reduce the risk of production failure. Based on the results of the research using FMEA method, it can be seen that the process stage with the greatest risk of failure lies in the stages of sugar evaporation/crystallization and the packaging stage in the packaging bin. The next step is to identify the type of problem at each stage of the process selected using Pareto diagram so that the results show that the evaporation/crystallization stage CV deviation often happened which can produce sugar dust, while at the packaging stage the problem that often occurs is metal detection, torn sack, and sweeping sugar. Then proceed with the use of the FTA method to identify the underlying causes of each failure that arises at the chosen process stage, and the results show that most of the failures that arise are caused by operator negligence, the operation process is still done manually, and the design of operating equipment is less optimal.

The quality of sponge iron produced in the coal-fired rotary kilns at TATA Steel Long Products Limited (TSLPL) is permitted to vary in a small window of 80-83% Fe. In order to adhere to this window, the expected quality in the next hour is predicted, and appropriate actions are taken if changes or rates of change that take place are not in the right direction. Airflow rate through the primary air blower is controlled constantly. For quality prediction and control purposes, the One Step Ahead Adaptive Control and Prediction Algorithm (OSAA) and Grey (1,1) prediction algorithm have been tailored and tuned. The working principle of OSAA and Grey(1,1) are described, and their accuracy is compared. The results show that OSAA performs better than the Grey(1,1). The OSAA is therefore used to predict the changes required in volume of air blown through the primary air blower and also the amount of injection coal. An expert control system has been developed based on allowable windows of control variables.

Chili-based products are increasingly in demand. Realizing this demand, many companies are taking the opportunity to run a chili processing business including turning it into a grind chili and instant chili paste in bottle packaging. The processing of this product goes through several stages, including the process of separating the chilies from the stalks, the cleaning process, grinding the chilies, and ending with the packing work. The main problem is during the process of separating the chilies from the stalks as it is still traditionally practiced by manually separating the stalks from the chilies by workers. It takes a lot of workforce and takes a long time to complete in large quantities. The researchers have carried out a prototype study by designing and building a machine that has been tested and has the ability to separate the chilies from the stalks. The sample of this research was the Sri Azwani Company which had successfully passed the screening by a panel of selected evaluators to obtain the PPRN grant award. The company had encountered problems during the process of separating the bird’s eye chilies from the stalks because it took a while to process 30kg-50kg of chilies for a mass production to produce 530-550 bottles at a time. The machine has a cylindrical main chamber that rotates according to the pre-determined resolution. The machine can process a maximum of 75kg-100kg per day of operation and it will impact the industry in terms of increased production volume, time savings, and cost.

There are many factors that can affect the quality of Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil produced. Every step in RBDPO processing must be mastered very precisely in terms of process conditions such as temperature, flowrate, dose, pressure, etc. This condition can vary from one facility to another and therefore requires the company’s own specifications / rules to implement and integrate all production process facilities until the product is produced. The focus of the study on this particular task is the quality problems faced by companies in the Refinery section where research is carried out using data mining concepts to predict data logsheets that are written every 24 hours by refinery operators. The data can be used as a tool to predict the color quality of Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBPO). The use of Data Mining in this study is to facilitate operators in managing machine settings to achieve the quality required by the company directly. So that the Refinery section does not need to wait for the results of laboratory tests which require approximately 2 hours to find out the RBDPO quality results.

Based on the universality, democracy and generality of design, this paper constructs the basic framework of general design education based on general education and design education. The general design education is an extension of the field of general education. The role and significance of designing general education are discussed in the paper based on the practice example of history of design material.

The paper researches the features of the rotor dynamics of knife refining machines. The rotor of these machines turns in the pulp. The total imbalance of the refiner rotor consists of mechanical, hydraulic and hydrodynamic components. The mechanical imbalance of the refiner rotor changes due to the plate wear. In the knife refining machines, it is advisable to use automatic balancing devices to compensate for the imbalance of the rotor during operation of the refiner without stopping it. The methodology for calculating the beats of the rotor plate has been developed and tested. The operational cross-knife gaps of the knife refining machines are comparable to the beats obtained. It is recommended to eliminate gaps in the design of the rotor assembly, i.e. use bearings with tensioner and use a stator to make refiner adjustment. The developed methodology for calculating beats can be used in other similar machines, for example, in centrifugal pumps.

The article describes the task of optimizing the process of sulfuric acid alkylation as part of a group of plants for the production of alkyl benzine. The main methods and approaches to solving this problem from the point of view of real-time optimization (RTO) are presented. A modified method is proposed in the form of a multi-model approach and decomposition of the original optimization problem into local ones with a sequential solution. To test the method, an analytical model of the sulfuric acid alkylation process was used, its evaluation was carried out and the problem of maximizing alkyl benzine was solved using the Hook – Jeeves algorithm in Matlab. The results of the solution were compared with the real historical data of the process and confirmed the operability of the solution.

As the coconut palm growers are struggling with the acute shortage of human coconut tree climbers to climb and harvest the coconuts, many are working towards possible alternatives to help them handle this situation. In this study paper we analyse the problems associated with the shortage of human coconut tree climbers in -depth. We also present details of various existing mechanical models available in the market and have not yet solved this issue. Along with this we discuss how robotics and automation could be a possible solution for this entire problem. In this context we discuss about the features of such robotic system and also give suggestions on various unmanned robotic models that can be designed and implemented.

Small Air Transport (SAT) is emerging as suitable transportation means in order to allow efficient travel over a regional range, in particular for commuters, based on the use of small airports and fixed wing aircraft with 5 to 19 seats, belonging to the EASA CS-23 category. The affordability of the SAT industry needs to be supported by the availability of new technological solutions allowing reducing the related operational costs while at the same time maintaining the required flight safety levels. In this framework, Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking funded the project COAST (Cost Optimized Avionics SysTem), which started in 2016 with the aim of tackling this challenge and delivering key technology enablers for the affordable cockpit and avionics, while also enabling the single pilot operations for small aircraft. The project activities cover several technologies and, among them, some selected ones, specifically addressing flight management, are considered in this paper, whose aim is the one of providing an outline of the design and implementation process status reached up to date, emphasizing the obtained results and the work to be done in the future activities expected to be performed in the project. The selected technologies here considered are the ones of tactical traffic separation and enhanced situational awareness, meteorological enhanced awareness, and pilot’s incapacitation emergency management. The paper, therefore, focuses on a selected cluster, from the overall framework of the COAST project, of SAT single pilot operations enabling technologies: Tactical Separation System (TSS), Flight Reconfiguration System (FRS), and Advanced Weather Awareness System (AWAS). In the paper, a description is first reported of the overall COAST project objectives, motivations and approach to the SAT vehicles cockpit design. Then, the implemented design process is outlined and the description of each of the above-indicated selected technologies is presented (the additional technologies considered in the COAST project are out of the scope of this paper). Based on that, for each of the considered systems (TSS, FRS, AWAS) the status of the design and implementation process is described and the next steps expected to be implemented in the project are outlined.

The concept of autonomous mobile robots (AMR) has gained much popularity in recent years, particularly in commercial settings where the name industrial autonomous mobile robot (IAMR) is proposed. In addition to automatic guided vehicles and automated mining trucks, IAMR also includes autonomous merchant ships. AMR is an old concept which was first introduced in the 1980s. Although the concept of AMRs is old and broadly used, there is still no common definition of autonomy when mobile robots are concerned. This paper will review some of the most known definitions and develop a taxonomy for autonomy in mobile autonomous robots. This will be used to compare the different definitions of robotic autonomy. This paper will mainly look at industrial autonomous mobile robots, i.e. systems that are designed to operate with a clear commercial objective in mind and which are normally supported by a remote control centre. This means that the robot is not fully autonomous, but to varying degrees dependent on humans in some control and monitoring functions.

A review on Performance Based Plastic Design method (PBPD) for RCC building has been presented in this paper with detailed manner. The first is the study of Performance Based Plastic Design method relating with IS code method. And then secondly review includes the research gap that is to apply this method on Irregular Buildings and to observe the efficiency of Design and Cost analysis comparing to IS code recommendations. When a Structure is designed by IS Code (IS 456: 2000) recommendations, it satisfies the strength as well as serviceability standards. But when an earthquake hits the structure, it leads to collapse which leads to loss of life as well as property. A Recently developed PBPD method can be a promising & efficient seismic design approach as it counteract total collapse of structure. This method is becoming popular due to its total collapse prevention. The paper addressed the relevant examination of provisions as specified in the appropriate design standard and software-based finite element analysis conducted by various authors, as well as a review of the problem, in order to reach a meaningful conclusion for the study. Also, a suggestion for the scope of future development is to study the Design as well as Cost efficiency of Performance Based Plastic Design of Various Irregular RCC buildings which will be a new or important aspect of the study. Despite the fact that fewer papers have been published in this area than in others, this report covers a broad range of research efforts and progress into the New Performance based Plastic Design method & seismic behavior of irregular buildings, demonstrating the field’s growing interest.

The paper describes a machine vision system for SMART identification of objects. In the introduction, this system is analyzed from a theoretical point of view. Advantages and possibilities of its use are emphasized. The following section presents our research workplace, where the machine vision is located. It involves two identification stations, one of them with 3D measurement and the second is a 2D multi-spectrum with several types of lighting. One part of this section describes the workplace in 2D view and equipment of vision system situated in this laboratory. The third part examines the possibilities of character identification by this system. The novelty of the paper is presented experiment with different wavelengths of light (RGB, UV, AM, W, infrared, far-red). The result of experiment is the most suitable light for characters identification by vision system.

The modern conveyor system finds its place in industrial automation. It offers a full and diverse range of custom conveyor solutions and types. Aluminium profiles offer huge range of different sizes. Conveyors are useful to move materials and smooth transfer along the tracks. Therefore, this paper aimed to designed conveyor system using by aluminium profiles. The aim of the paper is to point out the issue of modularity of our designed conveyor system through design and technological parameters that directly affect its use for the needs of practice. They can be installed almost anywhere, and they transport loads of all shapes, sizes and weights.

The article presents an analysis of the virtual model of Laval (Jeffcott) rotor in the software environment MSC.ADAMS. The parameters describing the stability of the rotor operation were monitored and evaluated, i. j. critical angular velocity and trajectory of the rotor center of gravity (orbit). The results were compared with the values measured on the experimental equipment, as well as with the values obtained by analytical calculation. The paper further presents a simulation in which the second critical velocity was reached. The paper further presents a simulation in which the second critical velocity was reached.

Most industrial systems have supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems that collect and store process parameters. SCADA data is seen as a valuable source to get and extract insights about the asset health condition and associated maintenance operations. It is still unclear how appliable and valid insights SCADA data might provide. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential benefits of SCADA data for maintenance purposes and discuss the limitations from a machine learning perspective. In this paper, a two-year SCADA data related to a wind turbine generator is extracted and analysed using several machine learning algorithms, i.e., two-class boosted decision tree, two-class decision forest, k-means clustering on Azure ML learning studio. It is concluded that the SCADA data can be useful for failure detection and prediction once rich training data is given. In a failure prediction context, data richness means ensuring that fault features are presented in the training data. Moreover, the logs file can be used as labelled data to supervise some algorithms once they are reported in a more rigorous manner (timing, description).

Considering an autonomous mobile robot that has to navigate indoor and outdoor from a certain point towards another certain point in a tree structure, the paper is giving a solution for finding the path and navigation. The mathematical model is proposed for a number nDP of departure/destination points (DP), a number nIP of intersection points (IP) and connections between them in a tree structure. Based on mathematical model, the problems solved and presented in this paper are i) to find a path from any departure point to any destination point, ii) to generate an algorithm for guidance of an autonomous robot to follow the path. Both algorithms were tested on Matlab Simulink® environment. An implementation of algorithms in a pseudocode is presented. The algorithms were adapted to be implemented on a microcontroller based board. The advantage of algorithms and implementation is simplicity. The outcome is less memory consumption and increased computing and execution speed.