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In this paper we determine two asymptotic results for Jack measures on partitions, a model defined by two specializations of Jack polynomials proposed by Borodin-Olshanski in [European J. Combin. 26.6 (2005): 795-834]. Assuming these two specializations are the same, we derive limit shapes and Gaussian fluctuations for the anisotropic profiles of these random partitions in three asymptotic regimes associated to diverging, fixed, and vanishing values of the Jack parameter. To do so, we introduce a generalization of Motzkin paths we call "ribbon paths", show for general Jack measures that certain joint cumulants are weighted sums of connected ribbon paths on $n$ sites with $n-1+g$ pairings, and derive our two results from the contributions of $(n,g)=(1,0)$ and $(2,0)$, respectively. Our analysis makes use of Nazarov-Sklyanin's spectral theory for Jack polynomials. As a consequence, we give new proofs of several results for Schur measures, Plancherel measures, and Jack-Plancherel measures. In addition, we relate our weighted sums of ribbon paths to the weighted sums of ribbon graphs of maps on non-oriented real surfaces recently introduced by Chapuy-Dol\k{e}ga., Comment: Several results in this paper first appeared in the author's unpublished monograph arXiv:1508.03063. Version 2: revised and accepted for publication in International Mathematics Research Notices (IMRN)

If $G$ is a group, a virtual retract of $G$ is a subgroup which is a retract of a finite index subgroup. Most of the paper focuses on two group properties: property (LR), that all finitely generated subgroups are virtual retracts, and property (VRC), that all cyclic subgroups are virtual retracts. We study the permanence of these properties under commensurability, amalgams over retracts, graph products and wreath products. In particular, we show that (VRC) is stable under passing to finite index overgroups, while (LR) is not. The question whether all finitely generated virtually free groups satisfy (LR) motivates the remaining part of the paper, studying virtual free factors of such groups. We give a simple criterion characterizing when a finitely generated subgroup of a virtually free group is a free factor of a finite index subgroup. We apply this criterion to settle a conjecture of Brunner and Burns., 30 pages, 1 figure. v3: added Lemma 5.8 and made minor corrections following referee's comments. This version of the paper has been accepted for publication

In our previous paper we have elaborated a certain signed count of real lines on real projective n-dimensional hypersurfaces of degree 2n-1. Contrary to the honest "cardinal" count, it is independent of the choice of a hypersurface, and by this reason provides a strong lower bound on the honest count. In this count the contribution of a line is its local input to the Euler number of a certain auxiliary vector bundle. The aim of this paper is to present other, in a sense more geometric, interpretations of this local input. One of them results from a generalization of Segre species of real lines on cubic surfaces and another from a generalization of Welschinger weights of real lines on quintic threefolds., Comment: 20 pages, typos are corrected (most essential, in Proposition 4.3.3)

Let $f\in\mathbb{Z}[T]$ be any polynomial of degree $d>1$ and $F\in\mathbb{Z}[X_{0},...,X_{n}]$ an irreducible homogeneous polynomial of degree $e>1$ such that the projective hypersurface $V(F)$ is smooth. In this paper we give a bound for \[ N(f,F,B):=|\{\textbf{x}\in\mathbb{Z}^{n+1}:\max_{0\leq i\leq n}|x_{i}|\leq B,\exists t\in\mathbb{Z}\text{ such that }f(t)=F(\textbf{x})\}|, \] To do this, we introduce a generalization of the Heath-Brown and Munshi's power sieve and we extend two results by Deligne and Katz on estimates for additive and multiplicative characters in many variables., Theorem 1 has been improved. The paper has been reorganized to improve the exposition

We say that a complete nonsingular toric variety (called a toric manifold in this paper) is over $P$ if its quotient by the compact torus is homeomorphic to $P$ as a manifold with corners. Bott manifolds (or Bott towers) are toric manifolds over an $n$-cube $I^n$ and blowing them up at a fixed point produces toric manifolds over $\mathrm{vc}(I^n)$ an $n$-cube with one vertex cut. They are all projective. On the other hand, Oda's $3$-fold, the simplest non-projective toric manifold, is over $\mathrm{vc}(I^n)$. In this paper, we classify toric manifolds over $\mathrm{vc}(I^n)$ $(n\ge 3)$ as varieties and also as smooth manifolds. As a consequence, it turns out that (1) there are many non-projective toric manifolds over $\mathrm{vc}(I^n)$ but they are all diffeomorphic, and (2) toric manifolds over $\mathrm{vc}(I^n)$ in some class are determined by their cohomology rings as varieties among toric manifolds., Comment: 37 pages, 1 figure

In a recent paper, Hauenstein, Sturmfels, and the second author discovered a conjectural bijection between critical points of the likelihood function on the complex variety of matrices of rank r and critical points on the complex variety of matrices of co-rank r-1. In this paper, we prove that conjecture for rectangular matrices and for symmetric matrices, as well as a variant for skew-symmetric matrices. To appear in International Mathematics Research Notices.

In [GHKK18], Gross-Hacking-Keel-Kontsevich discuss compactifications of cluster varieties from "positive subsets" in the real tropicalization of the mirror. To be more precise, let $\mathfrak{D}$ be the scattering diagram of a cluster variety $V$ (of either type -- $\mathcal{A}$ or $\mathcal{X}$), and let $S$ be a closed subset of $\left(V^\vee\right)^{\text{trop}}(\mathbb{R})$ -- the ambient space of $\mathfrak{D}$. The set $S$ is positive if the theta functions corresponding to the integral points of $S$ and its $\mathbb{N}$-dilations define an $\mathbb{N}$-graded subalgebra of $\Gamma(V, \mathcal{O}_V)[x]$. In particular, a positive set $S$ defines a compactification of $V$ through a Proj construction applied to the corresponding $\mathbb{N}$-graded algebra. In this paper we give a natural convexity notion for subsets of $\mathfrak{D}$, called "broken line convexity", and show that a set is positive if and only if it is broken line convex. The combinatorial criterion of broken line convexity provides a tractable way to construct positive subsets of $\mathfrak{D}$, or to check positivity of a given subset., Comment: 40 pages, 19 figures, comments welcome. Added subsection 2.2.3 treating quotients and fibers of cluster varieties. The main theorem holds in this broader setting. To appear in IMRN

This paper shows that the operad encoding modular operads is Koszul. Using this result we construct higher composition operations on (hairy) graph homology which characterize its rational homotopy type., final version; to appear in IMRN

The pentagram map takes a planar polygon $P$ to a polygon $P'$ whose vertices are the intersection points of consecutive shortest diagonals of $P$. The orbit of a convex polygon under this map is a sequence of polygons which converges exponentially to a point. Furthermore, as recently proved by Glick, coordinates of that limit point can be computed as an eigenvector of a certain operator associated with the polygon. In the present paper we show that Glick's operator can be interpreted as the infinitesimal monodromy of the polygon. Namely, there exists a certain natural infinitesimal perturbation of a polygon, which is again a polygon but in general not closed; what Glick's operator measures is the extent to which this perturbed polygon does not close up., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures; final version accepted to IMRN

This paper studies finite Morin configurations $F$ of planes in $\mathbb P^5$ having higher length. The uniqueness of the configuration of maximal cardinality $20$ is proven. This is related to the stable canonical genus $6$ curve $C_{\ell}$ union of the $10$ lines of a smooth quintic Del Pezzo surface $Y$ in $\mathbb P^5$ and to the Petersen graph. Families of length $\geq 16$, previously unknown, are constructed by smoothing partially $C_{\ell}$. A more general irreducible family of special configurations of length $\geq 11$, we name as Morin-Del Pezzo configurations, is considered and studied. This depends on $9$ moduli and is defined via the family of nodal and rational canonical curves of $Y$. The special relations between Morin-Del Pezzo configurations and the geometry of special threefolds, like the Igusa quartic or its dual Segre primal, are focused., Comment: 27 pages

In this paper we study homological stability for spaces ${\rm Hom}(\mathbb{Z}^n,G)$ of pairwise commuting $n$-tuples in a Lie group $G$. We prove that for each $n\geqslant 1$, these spaces satisfy rational homological stability as $G$ ranges through any of the classical sequences of compact, connected Lie groups, or their complexifications. We prove similar results for rational equivariant homology, for character varieties, and for the infinite-dimensional analogues of these spaces, ${\rm Comm}(G)$ and ${\rm B_{com}} G$, introduced by Cohen-Stafa and Adem-Cohen-Torres-Giese respectively. In addition, we show that the rational homology of the space of unordered commuting $n$-tuples in a fixed group $G$ stabilizes as $n$ increases. Our proofs use the theory of representation stability - in particular, the theory of ${\rm FI}_W$-modules developed by Church-Ellenberg-Farb and Wilson. In all of the these results, we obtain specific bounds on the stable range, and we show that the homology isomorphisms are induced by maps of spaces., Comment: 56 pages, accepted version

Coset constructions of $\mathcal{W}$-algebras have many applications, and were recently given for principal $\mathcal{W}$-algebras of $A$, $D$, and $E$ types by Arakawa together with the first and third authors. In this paper, we give coset constructions of the large and small $N=4$ superconformal algebras, which are the minimal $\mathcal{W}$-algebras of $\mathfrak{d}(2,1;a)$ and $\mathfrak{psl}(2|2)$, respectively. From these realizations, one finds a remarkable connection between the large $N=4$ algebra and the diagonal coset $C^{k_1, k_2} = \text{Com}(V^{k_1+k_2}(\mathfrak{sl}_2), V^{k_1}(\mathfrak{sl}_2) \otimes V^{k_2}(\mathfrak{sl}_2))$, namely, as two-parameter vertex algebras, $C^{k_1, k_2}$ coincides with the coset of the large $N=4$ algebra by its affine subalgebra. We also show that at special points in the parameter space, the simple quotients of these cosets are isomorphic to various $\mathcal{W}$-algebras. As a corollary, we give new examples of strongly rational principal $\mathcal{W}$-algebras of type $C$ at degenerate admissible levels., 34 pages

For a reductive group $G$, Steinberg established a map from the Weyl group to the set of nilpotent $G$-orbits by using moment maps on double flag varieties. In particular, in the case of the general linear group, it provides a geometric interpretation of the Robinson-Schensted correspondence between permutations and pairs of standard tableaux of the same shape. We extend Steinberg's approach to the case of a symmetric pair $(G,K)$ to obtain two different maps, namely a \emph{generalized Steinberg map} and an \emph{exotic moment map}. Although the framework is general, in this paper we focus on the pair $(G,K) = (\mathrm{GL}_{2n}(\mathbb{C}), \mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{C}) \times \mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{C}))$. Then the generalized Steinberg map is a map from \emph{partial} permutations to the pairs of nilpotent orbits in $ \mathfrak{gl}_n(\mathbb{C}) $. It involves a generalization of the classical Robinson--Schensted correspondence to the case of partial permutations. The other map, the exotic moment map, establishes a combinatorial map from the set of partial permutations to that of signed Young diagrams, i.e., the set of nilpotent $K$-orbits in the Cartan space $(\mathrm{Lie}(G)/\mathrm{Lie}(K))^* $. We explain the geometric background of the theory and combinatorial algorithms which produce the above mentioned maps., Comment: 51 pages, 3 figures. Minor modifications. Accepted in the International Mathematics Research Notices

In previous work, Mixed-Spin-P field has been introduced and their moduli space $\cal{W}_{g,\gamma,\bf{d}}$ together with a $\mathbb{C}^*$ action is constructed. Applying virtual localization to their virtual classes $[\cal{W}_{g,\gamma,\bf{d}}]^{vir}$, polynomial relations among GW and FJRW invariants of Fermat quintics are derived. In this paper, we prove a vanishing of a class of terms in $[(\cal{W}_{g,\gamma,\bf{d}})^{\mathbb{C}^*}]^{vir}$. This vanishing verifies that in Witten's GLSM only $r$-spin invariants of insertions $2/5$ contribute to the phase transition between GW and FJRW invariants of Fermat quintics., Comment: 35pages

In this paper, we show that $\lambda (z_1) -\lambda (z_2)$, $\lambda (z_1)$, and $1-\lambda (z_1)$ are all Borcherds products on $X(2) \times X(2)$. We then use the big CM value formula of Bruinier, Kudla, and Yang to give explicit factorization formulas for the norms of $\lambda (\frac{d+\sqrt d}2)$, $1-\lambda (\frac{d+\sqrt d}2)$, and $\lambda (\frac{d_1+\sqrt{d_1}}2) -\lambda (\frac{d_2+\sqrt{d_2}}2)$, with the latter under the condition $(d_1, d_2)=1$. Finally, we use these results to show that $\lambda (\frac{d+\sqrt d}2)$ is always an algebraic integer and can be easily used to construct units in the ray class field of ${\mathbb{Q}}(\sqrt{d})$ of modulus $2$. In the process, we also give explicit formulas for a whole family of local Whittaker functions, which are of independent interest.

We prove improved bounds on how localized an eigenvector of a high girth regular graph can be, and present examples showing that these bounds are close to sharp. This study was initiated by Brooks and Lindenstrauss (2009) who relied on the observation that certain suitably normalized averaging operators on high girth graphs are hyper-contractive and can be used to approximate projectors onto the eigenspaces of such graphs. Informally, their delocalization result in the contrapositive states that for any $\varepsilon \in (0,1)$ and positive integer $k,$ if a $(d+1)-$regular graph has an eigenvector which supports $\varepsilon$ fraction of the $\ell_2^2$ mass on a subset of $k$ vertices, then the graph must have a cycle of size $\tilde{O}(\log_{d}(k)/\varepsilon^2)$, suppressing logarithmic terms in $1/\varepsilon$. In this paper, we improve the upper bound to $\tilde{O}(\log_{d}(k)/\varepsilon)$ and present a construction showing a lower bound of $\Omega(\log_d(k)/\varepsilon)$. Our construction is probabilistic and involves gluing together a pair of trees while maintaining high girth as well as control on the eigenvectors and could be of independent interest., Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures

Let $\rm{coh}\mathbb{X}$ be the category of coherent sheaves over a weighted projective line $\mathbb{X}$ and let $D^b(\rm{coh}\mathbb{X})$ be its bounded derived category. The present paper focuses on the study of the right and left mutation functors arising in $D^b(\rm{coh}\mathbb{X})$ attached to certain line bundles. As applications, we first show that these mutation functors give rise to simple reflections for the Weyl group of the star shaped quiver $Q$ associated with $\mathbb{X}$. By further dealing with the Ringel--Hall algebra of $\mathbb{X}$, we show that these functors provide a realization for Tits' automorphisms of the Kac--Moody algebra $\frak{g}_Q$ associated with $Q$, as well as for Lusztig's symmetries of the quantum enveloping algebra of ${\frak g}_Q$., 40 pages

The pentagram map is a discrete dynamical system defined on the space of polygons in the plane. In the first paper on the subject, R. Schwartz proved that the pentagram map produces from each convex polygon a sequence of successively smaller polygons that converges exponentially to a point. We investigate the limit point itself, giving an explicit description of its Cartesian coordinates as roots of certain degree three polynomials., Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures

An n-vertex graph is called C-Ramsey if it has no clique or independent set of size C log n. All known constructions of Ramsey graphs involve randomness in an essential way, and there is an ongoing line of research towards showing that in fact all Ramsey graphs must obey certain "richness" properties characteristic of random graphs. Motivated by an old problem of Erd\H{o}s and McKay, recently Narayanan, Sahasrabudhe and Tomon conjectured that for any fixed C, every n-vertex C-Ramsey graph induces subgraphs of $\Theta(n^2)$ different sizes. In this paper we prove this conjecture., Comment: Corrected an oversight in the proof, drawn to our attention by Mantas Baksys and Xuanang Chen

Przytycki has shown that the size $\mathcal{N}_{k}(S)$ of a maximal collection of simple closed curves that pairwise intersect at most $k$ times on a topological surface $S$ grows at most as a polynomial in $|\chi(S)|$ of degree $k^{2}+k+1$. In this paper, we narrow Przytycki's bounds by showing that $$ \mathcal{N}_{k}(S) =O \left( \frac{ |\chi|^{3k}}{ ( \log |\chi| )^2 } \right) , $$ In particular, the size of a maximal 1-system grows sub-cubically in $|\chi(S)|$. The proof uses a circle packing argument of Aougab-Souto and a bound for the number of curves of length at most $L$ on a hyperbolic surface. When the genus $g$ is fixed and the number of punctures $n$ grows, we can improve our estimates using a different argument to give $$ \mathcal{N}_{k}(S) \leq O(n^{2k+2}) . $$ Using similar techniques, we also obtain the sharp estimate $\mathcal{N}_{2}(S)=\Theta(n^3)$ when $k=2$ and $g$ is fixed.

Wenger and Young proved that the pair $(\mathbb{R}^m,\mathbb{H}^n)$ has the Lipschitz extension property for $m \leq n$ where $\mathbb{H}^n$ is the sub-Riemannian Heisenberg group. That is, for some $C>0$, any $L$-Lipschitz map from a subset of $\mathbb{R}^m$ into $\mathbb{H}^n$ can be extended to a $CL$-Lipschitz mapping on $\mathbb{R}^m$. In this paper, we construct Sobolev extensions of such Lipschitz mappings with no restriction on the dimension $m$. We prove that any Lipschitz mapping from a compact subset of $\mathbb{R}^m$ into $\mathbb{H}^n$ may be extended to a Sobolev mapping on any bounded domain containing the set. More generally, we prove this result in the case of mappings into any Lipschitz $(n-1)$-connected metric space., 20 pages. In this version, more are details included and proofs explained at referee request. The statements of results are expanded upon

In this paper, we derive simple closed-form expressions for the $n$-queens problem and three related problems in terms of permanents of $(0,1)$ matrices. These formulas are the first of their kind. Moreover, they provide the first method for solving these problems with polynomial space that has a nontrivial time complexity bound. We then show how a closed-form for the number of Latin squares of order $n$ follows from our method. Finally, we prove lower bounds. In particular, we show that the permanent of Schur's complex valued matrix is a lower bound for the toroidal semi-queens problem, or equivalently, the number of transversals in a cyclic Latin square.

A Hamilton cycle in a directed graph $G$ is a cycle that passes through every vertex of $G$. A Hamiltonian decomposition of $G$ is a partition of its edge set into disjoint Hamilton cycles. In the late $60$s Kelly conjectured that every regular tournament has a Hamilton decomposition. This conjecture was recently settled by K��hn and Osthus, who proved more generally that every $r$-regular $n$-vertex oriented graph $G$ (without antiparallel edges) with $r=cn$ for some fixed $c>3/8$ has a Hamiltonian decomposition, provided $n=n(c)$ is sufficiently large. In this paper we address the natural question of estimating the number of such decompositions of $G$ and show that this number is $n^{(1-o(1))cn^2}$. In addition, we also obtain a new and much simpler proof for the approximate version of Kelly's conjecture., 17 pages

A common theme in many extremal problems in graph theory is the relation between local and global properties of graphs. One of the most celebrated results of this type is the Ruzsa–Szemerédi triangle removal lemma, which states that if a graph is $\varepsilon $-far from being triangle free, then most subsets of vertices of size $C(\varepsilon )$ are not triangle free. Unfortunately, the best known upper bound on $C(\varepsilon )$ is given by a tower-type function, and it is known that $C(\varepsilon )$ is not polynomial in $\varepsilon ^{-1}$. The triangle removal lemma has been extended to many other graph properties, and for some of them the corresponding function $C(\varepsilon )$ is polynomial. This raised the natural question, posed by Goldreich in 2005 and more recently by Alon and Fox, of characterizing the properties for which one can prove removal lemmas with polynomial bounds. Our main results in this paper are new sufficient and necessary criteria for guaranteeing that a graph property admits a removal lemma with a polynomial bound. Although both are simple combinatorial criteria, they imply almost all prior positive and negative results of this type. Moreover, our new sufficient conditions allow us to obtain polynomially bounded removal lemmas for many properties for which the previously known bounds were of tower type. In particular, we show that every semi-algebraic graph property admits a polynomially bounded removal lemma. This confirms a conjecture of Alon.

In this paper, we consider a CscK metric defined away from divisor and with metric upper bound and lower bound going to zero in certain rate. And we'll prove that this "nicely" behaved metric is a smooth CscK metric across the divisor., Comment: presentation improved

In this paper we introduce a new class of non-amenable groups denoted by ${\bf NC}_1 \cap {\bf Quot}(\mathcal C_{rss})$ which give rise to $\textit{prime}$ von Neumann algebras. This means that for every $\Gamma \in {\bf NC}_1 \cap {\bf Quot}(\mathcal C_{rss})$ its group von Neumann algebra $L(\Gamma)$ cannot be decomposed as a tensor product of diffuse von Neumann algebras. We show ${\bf NC}_1 \cap {\bf Quot}(\mathcal C_{rss})$ is fairly large as it contains many examples of groups intensively studied in various areas of mathematics, notably: all infinite central quotients of pure surface braid groups; all mapping class groups of (punctured) surfaces of genus $0,1,2$; most Torelli groups and Johnson kernels of (punctured) surfaces of genus $0,1,2$; and, all groups hyperbolic relative to finite families of residually finite, exact, infinite, proper subgroups., Comment: 32 pages

For n at least 2, the concept of n-way expanders was defined by various researchers. Bigger n gives a weaker notion in general, and 2-way expanders coincide with expanders in usual sense. Koji Fujiwara asked whether these concepts are equivalent to that of ordinary expanders for all n for a sequence of Cayley graphs. In this paper, we answer his question in the affirmative. Furthermore, we obtain universal inequalities on multi-way isoperimetric constants on any finite connected vertex-transitive graph, and show that gaps between these constants imply the imprimitivity of the group action on the graph., Comment: Accepted in Int. Math. Res. Notices. 18 pages, rearrange all of the arguments in the proof of Main Theorem (Theorem A) in a much accessible way (v4); 14 pages, appendix splitted into a forthcoming preprint (v3); 17 pages, appendix on noncommutative L_p spaces added (v2); 12 pages, no figures

In this paper we find the sharp forms and characterize the complex-valued extremizers of the adjoint Fourier restriction inequalities on the sphere $$\big\|\widehat{f \sigma}\big\|_{L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{d})} \lesssim \|f\|_{L^{q}(\mathbb{S}^{d-1},\sigma)}$$ in the cases $(d,p,q) = (d,2k, q)$ with $d,k \in \mathbb{N}$ and $q\in \mathbb{R}^+ \cup \{\infty\}$ satisfying: (a) $k = 2$, $q \geq 2$ and $3 \leq d\leq 7$; (b) $k = 2$, $q \geq 4$ and $d \geq 8$; (c) $k \geq 3$, $q \geq 2k$ and $d \geq 2$. We also prove a sharp multilinear weighted restriction inequality, with weight related to the $k$-fold convolution of the surface measure., Comment: 25 pages

Let $X$ be a list of vectors that is totally unimodular. In a previous article the author proved that every real-valued function on the set of interior lattice points of the zonotope defined by $X$ can be extended to a function on the whole zonotope of the form $p(D)B_X$ in a unique way, where $p(D)$ is a differential operator that is contained in the so-called internal $\Pcal$-space. In this paper we construct an explicit solution to this interpolation problem in terms of Todd operators. As a corollary we obtain a slight generalisation of the Khovanskii-Pukhlikov formula that relates the volume and the number of integer points in a smooth lattice polytope., 15 pages, 4 figures

The Jacobi polynomials on the simplex are orthogonal polynomials with respect to the weight function $W_\bg(x) = x_1^{\g_1} ... x_d^{\g_d} (1- |x|)^{\g_{d+1}}$ when all $\g_i > -1$ and they are eigenfunctions of a second order partial differential operator $L_\bg$. The singular cases that some, or all, $\g_1,...,\g_{d+1}$ are -1 are studied in this paper. Firstly a complete basis of polynomials that are eigenfunctions of $L_\bg$ in each singular case is found. Secondly, these polynomials are shown to be orthogonal with respect to an inner product which is explicitly determined. This inner product involves derivatives of the functions, hence the name Sobolev orthogonal polynomials., 32 pages

The classical Waring problem deals with expressing every natural number as a sum of g(k) kth powers. Similar problems for finite simple groups have been studied recently, and in this paper we study them for finite quasisimple groups G. We show that for a fixed non-trivial group word w and large enough G we have w(G)^3=G, namely every element of G is a product of 3 values of w. For various families of finite quasisimple groups, including covers of alternating groups, we obtain a stronger result, namely w(G)^2=G. However, in contrast with the case of simple groups, we show that w(G)^2 need not equal G for all large G. If k>2 then x^k y^k fails to be surjective for infinitely many finite quasisimple groups. The case k=2 turns out to be exceptional. Indeed, our last result shows that every element of a finite quasisimple group is a product of two squares. This can be regarded as a non-commutative analogue of Lagrange's four squares theorem., 24 pages

Various obstructions to knot concordance have been found using Casson-Gordon invariants, higher-order Alexander polynomials, as well as von-Neumann rho-invariants. Examples have been produced using (iterated) doubling operations K=R(c,J), and considering these as parametrized by invariants of the base knot J and doubling operator R. In this paper, we introduce a new mew method to obstruct concordance. We show that infinitely many distinct concordance classes may be constructed by varying the infecting curve c in S^3-R. Distinct concordance classes are found even while fixing the base knot, the doubling operator, and the order of c in the Alexander module., Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures

Given any compact hyperbolic surface $M$, and a closed geodesic on $M$, we construct of a sequence of quasimodes on $M$ whose microlocal lifts concentrate positive mass on the geodesic. Thus, the Quantum Unique Ergodicity (QUE) property does not hold for these quasimodes. This is analogous to a construction of Faure-Nonnenmacher-De Bi\`evre in the context of quantized cat maps, and lends credence to the suggestion that large multiplicities play a role in the known failure of QUE for certain "toy models" of quantum chaos. We moreover conjecture a precise threshold for the order of quasimodes needed for QUE to hold--- the result of the present paper shows that this conjecture, if true, is sharp., Comment: 25 pages

This paper deals with semilinear elliptic problems of the type \[ \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta u+\alpha(x)u= \beta (x)|u|^{p-1}u \quad \hbox{in }\mathbb{R}^N, u(x)>0\quad\hbox{in } \mathbb{R}^N, \qquad u \in H^1(\mathbb{R}^N), \end{array} \right. \] where $p$ is superlinear but subcritical and the coefficients $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are positive functions such that $\alpha(x) \to a_\infty > 0$ and $\beta(x)\to b_\infty > 0$, as $|x| \to \infty$. Aim of this work is to describe some phenomena that can occur when the coefficients are "competing"., Comment: 19 pages. Improved version

Let $(G,H)$ be a reductive spherical pair and $P\subset H$ a parabolic subgroup such that $(G,P)$ is spherical. The triples $(G,H,P)$ with this property are called multiplicity free systems and they are classified in this paper. Denote by $\pi^{H}_{\mu}=\mathrm{ind}_{P}^{H}\mu$ the Borel-Weil realization of the irreducible $H$-representation of highest weight $\mu\in P^{+}_{H}$ and consider the induced representation $\mathrm{ind}_{P}^{G}\chi_{\mu}=\mathrm{ind}_{H}^{G}\pi^{H}_{\mu}$, a multiplicity free induced representation. Some properties of the spectrum of the multiplicity free induced representations are discussed. For three multiplicity free systems the spectra are calculated explicitly. The spectra give rise to families of multi-variable orthogonal polynomials which generalize families of Jacobi polynomials: they are simultaneous eigenfunctions of a commutative algebra of differential operators, they satisfy recurrence relations and they are orthogonal with respect to integrating against a matrix weight on a compact subset. We discuss some difficulties in describing the theory for these families of polynomials in the generality of the classification., Comment: 21 pages

Every closed oriented manifold $M$ is associated with a set of integers $D(M)$, the set of self-mapping degrees of $M$. In this paper we investigate whether a product $M\times N$ admits a self-map of degree $d$, when neither $D(M)$ nor $D(N)$ contains $d$. We find sufficient conditions so that $D(M\times N)$ contains exactly the products of the elements of $D(M)$ with the elements of $D(N)$. As a consequence, we obtain manifolds $M\times N$ that do not admit self-maps of degree $-1$ (strongly chiral), that have finite sets of self-mapping degrees (inflexible) and that do not admit any self-map of degree $dp$ for a prime number $p$. Furthermore we obtain a characterization of odd-dimensional strongly chiral hyperbolic manifolds in terms of self-mapping degrees of their products., Comment: 10 pages; v2: structure modified, improved exposition; v3: small edits, to appear in International Mathematics Research Notices

I show that $L^{p}-L^{q}$ estimates for the Kakeya maximal function yield lower bounds for the conformal dimension of Kakeya sets, and upper bounds for how much quasisymmetries can increase the Hausdorff dimension of line segments inside Kakeya sets. Combining the known $L^{p}-L^{q}$ estimates of Wolff and Katz-Tao with the main result of the paper, the conformal dimension of Kakeya sets in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ is at least $\max\{(n + 2)/2,(4n + 3)/7\}$. Moreover, if $f$ is a quasisymmetry from a Kakeya set $K \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}$ onto any at most $n$-dimensional metric space, the $f$-image of a.e. line segment inside $K$ has dimension at most $\min\{2n/(n + 2),7n/(4n + 3)\}$. The Kakeya maximal function conjecture implies that the bounds can be improved to $n$ and $1$, respectively., Comment: 11 pages. v3: corrected typos and added details, to appear in IMRN

In this paper we address the following question: given $ p\in (1,\infty)$, $n \geq 1$, does there exists a constant $A(p,n)>1$ such that $\| M f\|_{L^{p}}\geq A(n,p) \| f\|_{L^{p}}$ for any nonnegative $f \in L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, where $Mf$ is a maximal function operator defined over the family of shifts and dilates of a centrally symmetric convex body. The inequality fails in general for the centered maximal function operator, but nevertheless we give an affirmative answer to the question for the uncentered maximal function operator and the almost centered maximal function operator. In addition, we also present the Bellman function approach of Melas, Nikolidakis and Stavropoulos to maximal function operators defined over various types of families of sets, and in case of parallelepipeds we will show that $A(n,p)=\left(\frac{p}{p-1}\right)^{1/p}$.

The nef cone of a projective variety Y is an important and often elusive invariant. In this paper we construct two polyhedral lower bounds and one polyhedral upper bound for the nef cone of Y using an embedding of Y into a toric variety. The lower bounds generalize the combinatorial description of the nef cone of a Mori dream space, while the upper bound generalizes the F-conjecture for the nef cone of the moduli space \bar{M}_{0,n} to a wide class of varieties., Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures. Final version to appear in IMRN

One can define the complexity of a smooth 4-manifold as the minimal sum of the number of disks, strands and crossings in a Kirby diagram. Martelli proved that the number of homeomorphism classes of complexity less than n grows as $n^2$. In this paper we prove that the number of diffeomorphism classes grows at least as fast as $n^{c\sqrt[3]{n}}$. Along the way we construct complete kirby diagrams for a large family of knot surgery manifolds., Schematics of Kirby diagrams for the knot surgery manifolds were replaced with actual Kirby diagrams, and minor errors were fixed

The goal of this paper is to reveal a close connection between the following three subjects that have not been studied together in the past: terminal and canonical cyclic quotient singularities, integer ratios of factorials, Nyman's approach to the Riemann Hypothesis. In particular, we notice that the constructions of P.A. Picon are relevant for the study of singularities and possibly the Riemann Hypothesis. The list of the 29 stable quintuples of Mori-Morrison-Morrison coincides, up to the choice of notation, with the list of the 29 step functions with five terms of Vasyunin. We also reformulate and generalize a conjecture of Vasyunin., Comment: 14 pages, no figures

In this paper, we study the subalgebra generated by two Ising vectors in the Griess algebra of a vertex operator algebra. We show that the structure of it is uniquely determined by some inner products of Ising vectors. We prove that the order of the product of two $��$-involutions is less than or equal to 6 and we determine the inner product of two Ising vectors., 16 pages

Let $\mu(n)$ be the M\"obius function, $e(z) = \exp(2\pi iz)$, $x$ real and $2\leq y \leq x$. This paper proves two sequences $(\mu(n))$ and $(e(n^k \alpha))$ are strongly orthogonal in short intervals. That is, if $k \geq 3$ being fixed and $y\geq x^{1-1/4+\varepsilon}$, then for any $A>0$, we have \[ \sum_{x< n \leq x+y} \mu(n) e\left(n^k \alpha \right) \ll y(\log y)^{-A} \] uniformly for $\alpha \in \mathbb{R}$., Comment: 21 pages. Comments are welcome, Int Math Res Notices (2015)