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As a well-known international gathering, the Shanghai World Expo not only tries to exhibit the economic and technological innovation, but also to convey its profound culture. Publicity text, as a special text type, the purpose is to publicize China to the outside world and let the world know better about China, as well as to draw the target text readers’ attention so as to attain a desired effect and attract more foreigners to visit. Therefore, the publication of Expo becomes extremely important. However, there still remain some translation errors in the English version of Shanghai Expo’s official website. This paper attempts to probe into the current C-E translation problems in publicity texts and to seek a way out in the enlightenment of Skopostheorie. In view of the translation errors appearing in the website, five related translation strategies are put forward, namely, selective translation, amplification, paraphrase, culturally equivalent words and transliteration with hyperlink. Based on the analysis of translation errors, this paper tries to explain that the main cause of mistranslation is such a translator who has not taken the translation purpose of publicity texts and target text readers into consideration in the course of C-E translation. Meanwhile, it also tries to prove that publicity text translation deals with not only language, but also the culture. There are great differences between Chinese and English publicity texts. Therefore, the language and cultural features have to be observed carefully in order to cater to the English readership’s habit and expectation so as to fulfill the translation task.

The issue of translation strategies as a phenomenon in literary translation is an important area to be explored. Therefore, this study aimed to figure out 1) What strategies of translation are applied in the translation of the Kite Runner, 2) which strategy is dominant in the translation. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with the content analysis that uses textual and comparative analysis. The technique of data collection included analysing the original version of the novel The Kite Runner and its translated version and then compares both to generate the data corpus. Based on the analysis of the data, it can be concluded that the strategies applied by the translator in transferring messages of the SL into TL were two- the strategy of direct translation (20.41%) and the strategy of oblique translation (with a frequency of use of 79.58%). The strategy of domestication was dominant in translating The Kite Runner into the Indonesian language. The results of the translation through the oblique strategy were more related with the understanding and culture of the target text reader. Thus, messages of the SL can be understood and accepted by the readers of the TL. This can be seen from the various techniques of translation chosen by the translator, such as- the transposition technique, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation technique. Domestication in the translation of the The Kite Runner is also very influential in the equivalence of meaning, the equivalence that is more inclined towards dynamic equivalent.

The study of translation norms is one of the areas in translation studies which identify regularities of behavior (i.e. trends of relationships and correspondences between ST and TT segments) by comparing source texts and their translations. Norms of translation are mostly done in areas other than religious texts. Therefore, it seems necessary to do a research on religious texts. Textual–linguistic norms govern the selection of TT linguistic material: lexical items, phrases, and stylistic features. To do so, translation strategies adopted by translators were identified through comparing translations and source texts. Translation strategies proposed by Chesterman (1997) are investigated in samples of texts translated by World Ahlubayt assembly, an organization in charge of religious translation in Iran. The texts included seven books from seven translators in World Ahlulbayt Assembly. The strategies investigated in corpus dealt with three linguistic levels: semantic, syntactic and pragmatic strategies and changes done at these three levels. The results showed that syntactic changes were of the highest frequency in all texts. At semantic level, synonymy was the most frequent translation strategy. At syntactic level, clause structure changes and at pragmatic level and explicitness change were the most frequent changes.

Translation is a way of communicating meaning from one language into another. In this bidirectional communicating tool, the translators should be aware of the two languages and also should have good command of them so as to be able to covey accurate meaning as natural as possible. For this to occur the translators should take different issues into considerations such as linguistic and cultural ones especially when the two languages are not close to each other. Thus, the purpose of the present article was to identify the most frequent shifts of coordinate and correlative conjunctions in translations from English to Persian. To reach this aim, four original English texts and their Persian translations were selected and all cases of English coordinate and correlative conjunctions identified and then compared with their Persian equivalents. The findings indicated that the most frequent strategy applied in the translation of coordinate conjunctions was equivalent substitution, and for correlative conjunctions, unit shifts and equivalents substitution were the most frequent used strategies.