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generalized form of the principle of virtual work where the virtual work is a time integral of virtual power is obtained. The corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation includes the divergence of the Lie derivative of stress. The equation of motion on the stress rate field is one of the results of this paper. A generalization of the acoustic tensor is obtained for a third-order wave. The generalized acoustic tensor seems the most important result of this paper. It can also be found by investigating an acceleration wave [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper outlines a method for constructing the general analytic solution to the system of equilibrium equations of nonthin transversely isotropic plates. The method uses the Fourier-Legendre series expansion of the unknown functions with respect to the thickness coordinate. The stress state near a circular hole in a nonthin plate subject to tensile and shear stresses at infinity is analyzed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper outlines a technique to determine the critical stresses and buckling modes of a ribbed cylindrical shell interacting with an elastic foundation. The stiffness parameters of the foundation are calculated and their effect on the critical stresses and associated modes are analyzed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper establishes a correspondence between the solutions for rectilinear cracks located in a piezoceramic plane at a right angle to the polarization axis and smoothly (no friction) opened with rigid wedges and the solutions for cracks in a purely elastic isotropic plane. This correspondence can be used to calculate the SIFs for cracks in a piezoceramic plane from the expressions for cracks in an elastic isotropic plane, without the need to solve the electroelastic problem. The following problems are solved as examples: opening of a semi-infinite crack with a semi-infinite rounded wedge, a truncated wedge, and a wedge of constant thickness; opening of two semi-infinite cracks with hyperbolic wedges and wedges of constant thickness [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper outlines the fundamentals of the method of solving static problems of geometrically nonlinear deformation, buckling, and postbuckling behavior of thin thermoelastic inhomogeneous shells with complex-shaped midsurface, geometrical features throughout the thickness, or multilayer structure under complex thermomechanical loading. The method is based on the geometrically nonlinear equations of three-dimensional thermoelasticity and the moment finite-element scheme. The method is justified numerically. Results of practical importance are obtained in analyzing poorely studied classes of inhomogeneous shells. These results provide an insight into the nonlinear deformation and buckling of shells under various combinations of thermomechanical loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with some approaches to solving linear and nonlinear boundary-value stress problems for elastic bodies with complex geometry and structure. The problems are described by partial differential equations solved using discrete Fourier series. The results obtained are presented in the form of plots and tables [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper outlines a numerical method for stability analysis of cylindrical shells with initial imperfections. We solve a nonlinear buckling problem for a cylindrical shell with variable wall thickness under surface pressure. The imperfections of the shell are modeled as the first buckling mode. A probabilistic approach is used to determine the reliability against buckling of the cylindrical shell with the probability density of initial imperfections represented by uniform distribution, triangular distribution, or Gaussian distribution [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper outlines a method and results of experimental determination of vibratory stresses in a shell structure contacting with a medium. The stresses peak at the junction between the shell and the branch pipe. It is established that when the shell is in contact with the medium, the vibratory stresses are much higher, while the vibratory accelerations are much lower [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonclassical problems of fracture and failure mechanics that have been analyzed by the author and his collaborators at the S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics (Kiev, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) during the past forty years are considered in brief. The results of the analysis are presented in a form that would be quite informative for the majority of experts interested in various fundamental and applied aspects of fracture and failure problems including the identification of related mechanisms. This paper was prepared on invitation of the Editorial Board of the journal “Annals. The European Academy of Sciences” and may be considered as an Extended Pascal Medal Lecture (The 2007 Blaise Pascal Medal in Materials Sciences of the EAS) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is concerned with the fracture process zone at the tip of a crack at the nonsmooth interface between isotropic elastic media. A plane symmetric problem is formulated. The zone is modeled by lines of discontinuity of the normal displacement at the interface. The exact solution of the elastic problem is found by the Wiener-Hopf method [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a method to allow for the stress mode in analyzing the thermoelastoplastic stress-strain state of compound bodies of revolution under asymmetric loading and heating. Use is made of a semianalytic finite-element method and the method of successive approximations. Some numerical results are presented [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a method of incremental loading for solving nonlinear problems of shell theory. A feature of this method is that the same algorithm is used before buckling, at the limit point, and after buckling. The method is based on the assumption that all the unknowns, including the load parameter, are on an equal footing. It is shown that the method can be used to solve algebraic equations with Cramer's rule involved to avoid numerical instability in the neighborhood of the limit point. Test problems confirm the validity of the approach [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the stress rupture behavior of a reinforced viscoelastic composite through which a penny-shaped mode I crack propagates under a constant load. The composite has hexagonal symmetry and consists of elastic isotropic fibers and viscoelastic isotropic matrix. The material is modeled as a transversely isotropic homogeneous viscoelastic medium with effective characteristics. The crack is in the isotropy plane. The ring-shaped fracture process zone at the crack front is modeled by a modified Dugdale zone with time-dependent stresses. The viscoelastic properties of the matrix are characterized using a resolvent integral operator. Use is made of Volterra's principle, the method of operator continued fractions, and the theory of precritical crack growth in viscoelastic bodies. The problem is reduced to nonlinear integral equations. Numerical results are obtained for certain components of the composite, constant volume fractions, and different fracture strengths [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the stress-strain state of nonthin orthotropic conical shells under local loads. The distribution of deflections and stresses in conical shells under local loads of some types is given as an example [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper establishes a relationship between the solutions for cracks located in the isotropy plane of a transversely isotropic piezoceramic medium and opened (without friction) by rigid inclusions and the solutions for cracks in a purely elastic medium. This makes it possible to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) for cracks in an electroelastic medium from the SIF for an elastic isotropic material, without the need to solve the electroelastic problem. The use of the approach is exemplified by a penny-shaped crack opened by either a disk-shaped rigid inclusion of constant thickness or a rigid oblate spheroidal inclusion in an electroelastic medium [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper compares two approaches to determining the axisymmetric elastoplastic stress-strain state of laminated shells made of isotropic and transversely isotropic materials with different elastic moduli in tension and compression. The approaches use different nonlinear constitutive equations describing the elastic deformation of the transversally isotropic bimodulus materials. Both approaches employ the theory of deformation along paths of small curvature and the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis for the whole laminate to describe the deformation of the isotropic materials. The problem is solved by the method of successive approximations. The solutions of specific problems obtained by the two approaches are analyzed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is concerned with loss of stability near the free flat surface of a weakly short-fiber-reinforced composite material under compression along the fibers. Emphasis is on the effect of the mechanical and geometrical parameters of the composite and the distance between fibers and to the free surface on the critical strains. The piecewise-homogeneous medium model and the rigorous three-dimensional linearized theory of stability of deformable bodies are used [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is concerned with the problem of predicting nonlinear creep strains and time to ductile rupture of prismatic rods under constant tension. The material of the rod is assumed isotropic, homogeneous, and perfectly plastic. The problem is solved using models that take into account the change in the geometry of the rod during creep, the finiteness of the creep strains, and the effect of the initial and actual elastic strains. The conditions whereby the characteristic dimension of the rod tends to infinity and the accumulated and real strains in the viscous flow are limited are used as a failure criterion. The calculated results are compared with experimental data for a number of steels and alloys to formulate the conditions for the ductile rupture and embrittlement of metallic materials under uniaxial creep [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes results on the bifurcation buckling of plates and shells of revolution made of homogeneous and composite materials subject to progressive damage [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses a plane problem: a concentrated force acts on a plate resting on an elastic half-space with homogeneous prestrain. The equations of motion of the plate incorporate shear and rotary inertia. The half-space is assumed to be incompressible and isotropic in the natural state. The elastic potential is given in general form and is only specified for numerical purposes. The dependence of the critical velocity of the load and the stress-strain state on the prestresses is analyzed for different ratios between the stiffnesses of the layer and half-space and different contact conditions. The calculations are carried out for a half-space with Bartenev-Khazanovich potential [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses a thermoelectroelastic problem for a piezoelectric body with an arbitrarily shaped plane crack in a plane perpendicular to the polarization axis under a symmetric thermal load. A relationship between the intensity factors for stress (SIF) and electric displacement (EDIF) in an infinite piezoceramic body with a crack under a thermal load and the SIF for a purely elastic body with a crack of the same shape under a mechanical load is established. This makes it possible to find the SIF and EDIF for an electroelastic material from the elastic solution without the need to solve specific problems of thermoelasticity. The SIF and EDIF for a piezoceramic body with an elliptic crack and linear distribution of temperature over the crack surface are found as an example [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses a plane problem for an infinite plane consisting of two different piezoceramic half-planes with an interfacial crack with smooth contact zones and subjected to the uniformly distributed electromechanical loading applied at infinity. Methods of complex-variable theory are used to reduce the problem to a Dirichlet-Riemann mixed homogeneous boundary-value problem. Its solution is found in closed form. A system with one crack that has one or two contact zones is calculated. Expressions for stresses, electric-flux density, and displacement discontinuities at the interface are written. Equations for the determination of the length of the contact zones and expressions for the stress intensity factors at the crack tips are derived [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a technique to determine the axisymmetric geometrically nonlinear thermoviscoelastoplastic state of thin shells with damages. The technique is based on the geometrically nonlinear equations that incorporate transverse-shear strains. The equations of thermoelasticity that describe the deformation of the body’s element along paths of small curvature are used as equations of state. The equivalent stress in the kinetic equations of damage and creep is determined from a failure criterion that accounts for the stress mode. As an example, the geometrically nonlinear thermoviscoelastoplastic deformation of a corrugated shell is analyzed and the time to its failure is determined [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an analytical solution describing the stability and postbuckling behavior of a cylindrical shell made of an anisotropic material with one plane of symmetry and subjected to torques at the ends. The solution is found using Koiter's buckling theory and the Donnell-Mushtari-Vlasov theory of anisotropic shells. The force and deflection functions are approximated by trigonometric series that satisfy hinged boundary conditions. The system of algebraic equations to which the problem is reduced at the main stage of solution is analyzed. Specific results on stability and sensitivity to imperfections of boron-plastic shells consisting of layers with different reinforcement directions are obtained [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a numerical technique for analysis of the elastoplastic stress-strain state of flexible layered shells of revolution under axisymmetric loading. It is assumed that the shells are made of isotropic and transversely isotropic materials with different moduli in tension and compression. The technique is based on a geometrically nonlinear theory of shells that takes into account the squared angles of rotation and the Kirchhoff-Love hypotheses for a layer stack. The deformation of isotropic materials is described using the theory of deformation along paths of small curvature. The deformation of transversely isotropic materials is described using the theory of elasticity with different moduli in tension and compression. The problem is solved by the method of successive approximations. A numerical example is given [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the dynamics of nonlinear elastic cylindrical shells using the theory of shallow shells. The aerodynamic pressure on the shell in a supersonic flow is found using piston theory. The effect of the flow and initial deflections on the vibrations of the shell is analyzed in the flutter range. The normal modes of both perfect shells in a flow and shells with initial imperfections are studied. In the latter case, the trajectories of normal modes in the configuration space are nearly rectilinear, only one mode determined by the initial imperfections being stable [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes an approximate solution describing a collision of an elastic finite-length cylinder with a rigid barrier when the lateral boundary conditions of the first fundamental problem of elasticity are satisfied. A finite-difference approach with respect to time and the integral transform method are used to reduce the original initial-boundary-value problem to a one-dimensional one. It is solved using the matrix Green’s function. The final expressions for displacements are obtained by solving a singular integral equation by the orthogonal-polynomial method. The values of displacements and strains are analyzed for short periods of time [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper gives explicit expressions of the elastic T-stress components T I, T II, and T III for an elliptic crack in an unbounded body under uniform pressure and bending and expressions of all the T-stress components for parabolic and tunnel cracks under uniform loading. These formulas are derived by analyzing the asymptotic behavior of the stress components near the crack front using special harmonic functions. The dependence of the T-stresses on Poisson’s ratio, semiaxes and parametric angle of the elliptic crack is studied. The expressions of T I, T II, and T III for a penny-shaped crack under arbitrary uniform pressure and bending follow as a special case from the respective expressions for an elliptic crack [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an exact analytic solution to a nonlinear boundary-value problem for a long noncircular cylindrical shell with variable cross-sectional curvature under two concurrent loads: a surface force and bending moments. The behavior of the shell under these loads is analyzed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with dynamic problems in fracture mechanics for elastic solids having cracks with contacting faces. The contact problem for a penny-shaped crack with a nonzero initial opening under normally incident harmonic wave is solved by the method of boundary integral equations. The solutions are compared with those that neglect the contact interaction of the crack faces. Results are presented for different values of the initial crack opening [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the problem of synthesizing a stabilization system for a robotic vehicle with two steerable wheels with allowance for dynamic effects. A solution is presented for the case of coasting. The general case of stabilization where dynamic effects are taken into account is examined [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a method to identify a system of several nonstationary independent transverse loads on a rectangular plate of medium thickness. The input data for solving the inverse problem are time-dependence of displacements or strains given at some points of the plate. Examples of numerical calculations to identify two or three loads are presented. The deformation of plates is modeled using a refined Timoshenko theory. Tikhonov’s regularizing algorithm is used to solve the Volterra equations for the unknown loads [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with fundamental-solution methods applied to stress-concentration problems for thin elastic shells. Publications concerned with the relevant division of the theory of plates and shells are reviewed. The theories behind the methods are described, and specific results for static and dynamic concentrated loads are presented. The capabilities of the methods are illustrated by fracture problems for orthotropic shells with notches and holes under mechanical loading and for isotropic shells with notches under thermal loading [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the results of theoretical and numerical analysis of the interaction of nonlinear elastic plane harmonic waves in a composite material whose nonlinear properties are described by modeling it with a two-phase mixture. The interaction of two transverse vertically polarized harmonic waves is studied using the method of slowly varying amplitudes. The truncated and evolutionary equations as well as the Manley-Rowe relations are derived. The mechanism of energy pumping from a strong pumping wave with frequency ω to a weak signal wave with frequency 3ω is analyzed. The switching mechanism for hypersonic waves in a nonlinear elastic composite is similar to the switching mechanism observed in transistors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the effect of the initial structure and prestrain on the yield stress of a number of ageing steels and alloys under combined loading in the cases of like and opposite directions of preloading and reloading. The parameters of yield loci are calculated for the case of combined two-axial tension. Their predicted dependence on temperature, ageing time, and prestrain is experimentally checked. As they increase, strain hardening changes from isotropic to kinematic and then to mixed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a technique for stability analysis of anisotropic laminated thin shells of revolution made of a composite with one plane of symmetry. The technique is used for numerical analysis of truncated cones made of binder-impregnated filaments continuously wound along geodesic lines. It is shown that the effect of low symmetry on the critical loads depends not only on the number of laminas, but also on the cone angle [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a modification of the mixed variational principle from which stationarity conditions are derived in the form of a mixed system of equations resolved for the first derivatives of the displacement and stress components acting in a plane perpendicular to one of the coordinate axes. The variational principle allows decreasing the dimension of the problem of elasticity thus reducing the system of equations to a canonical form. The modified mixed principle helps immediately obtain a canonical system of equations for various applied theories. This possibility is demonstrated with the example of the Timoshenko theory of plates [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a unified approach to problems of stress concentration near notches with sharp and rounded tip based on the method of singular integral equations. A solution for an elastic region having a V-shaped notch with rounded tip of large curvature is first found. Then, the stress intensity factor at the tip of a sharp-tipped notch is calculated by passing to the limit. Numerical results are obtained for a slit and a square hole in an elastic plane and an edge notch in a half-plane [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes and mathematically proves a method to regularize singular iterations used to solve geometrically nonlinear problems of bending of thin plates with a hole. It is established that the new approximations for deflections and stress functions satisfy the boundary conditions exactly and Karman’s equations asymptotically exactly. The regularization method and the approximations for solutions are based on new methods of summing functional series and sequences [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the subcritical stable growth of a penny-shaped mode I crack in an aging linear viscoelastic body with cylindrical anisotropy under tensile loads applied at infinity. The equations of quasistatic crack growth are derived using the Volterra principle for a modified Dugdale model and the critical crack opening displacement as a failure criterion. The kernel of the operator that describes the viscoelastic crack opening is found using operator-valued continued fractions. As an example, the subcritical stable growth of a crack in a specific material is studied numerically [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a technique for numerical analysis of the elastoplastic stress-strain state of flexible laminated shells of revolution made of isotropic and transversely isotropic materials and subjected to axisymmetric loading and heating. The technique is based on the Kirchhoff-Love hypotheses for the whole laminate. The deformation of the isotropic materials is described using the theory of deformation along paths of small curvature. The deformation of the transversely isotropic material is described using the flow theory with isotropic hardening. The process of loading is divided into steps at each of which the stress-strain state is determined by the method of successive approximations. A numerical example is given [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports on the results from an experimental study of the nonlinear deformation of the elastic bottom of and the free liquid surface in a rigid shell. The shell and liquid interact with each other and with a cluster of gas bubbles produced by vibrational excitation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents experimental results on elastic deformation of perforated thin plates made of glass-fiber laminate and subjected to weak shock waves. The characteristics of the dynamic process in the plates are determined [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents experimental results on the deformation, local buckling, and fracture of D16AT plates with two parallel edge cracks under tension. The distribution of strains and deflections over typical cross-sections and buckling modes are determined. The influence of the crack length and the distance between the cracks on the local buckling stresses and breaking stresses is studied. The effect of local buckling on the strength of the plate is evaluated [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an approach to solve the boundary-value stress-strain problem for circumferentially corrugated elliptic cylindrical shells. The approach employs splines to approximate the solution and the stable discrete-orthogonalization method to solve the resulting one-dimensional problem. The results are presented as plots and a table [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes an approach to form (by special heat treatment) a structure and phase composition of martensitic steel that would enhance its ductility in the high-strength state. A correlation is experimentally established between the stability of fracture resistance and ductility in linear and plane stress states. The behavior of the scatterband of the ultimate strength with increase in the degree of ductility is analyzed. The possibility of predicting the ultimate strength from the lower edge of its scatterband is demonstrated with an example of a circular cylindrical shell [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is concerned with the determination of edge effect zone in a laminated composite with laminas subject to longitudinal compression. The dependence of the maximum decay length on the ratio between the period of external loading and the structure parameter is studied. The load period depends on the number of unloaded laminas. The decay of the edge effect is analyzed by numerically solving a boundary-value problem of elasticity for piecewise-homogeneous materials and using a quantitative decay criterion for the near-edge normal stresses [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a rigorous procedure, based on the concepts of nonlinear continuum mechanics, to derive nonlinear wave equations that describe the propagation and interaction of plane hyperelastic waves. The nonlinearity is introduced by the Signorini potential and represents the quadratic nonlinearity of all governing relations with respect to displacements. A configuration (state) of the elastic medium dependent on the abscissa is analyzed. Analytic transformations are used to go over from the Eulerian to the Lagrangian description of nonlinear deformation and from the invariants of the Almansi finite-strain tensor to the invariants of the Cauchy-Green finite-strain tensor. Nonlinear wave equations describing the propagation of plane longitudinal and transverse waves in Signorini’s materials are derived, and the strain and true-stress tensors are analytically expressed in terms of the deformation gradient. These wave equations are compared with those based on the Murnaghan model. Their similarities and differences are indicated. It is shown that the new Signorini constant can be identified from the Lamé and Murnaghan constants [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a rigorous procedure, based on the concepts of nonlinear continuum mechanics, to derive nonlinear wave equations that describe the propagation and interaction of hyperelastic cylindrical waves. Nonlinearity is introduced by the Signorini potential and represents the quadratic and cubic nonlinearities of all governing relations with respect to displacements. A configuration (state) of the elastic medium dependent on the coordinate r and independent of the coordinates ϑ and r is analyzed. Analytic transformations are used to go over from the Eulerian to the Lagrangian description of nonlinear deformation and from the invariants of the Almansi finite-strain tensor to the invariants of the Cauchy-Green finite-strain tensor. Possibly for the first time in the 60 years the Signorini model has been in existence, a nonlinear wave equation is derived for it and the strain and true-stress tensors are analytically expressed in terms of the deformation gradient. The quasilinear Signorini model and four cases of incorporating material and geometrical nonlinearities into the wave equation are discussed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the three-dimensional stability of an isotropic, linear elastic, rectangular plate under a uniform tensile load applied to its sides. The concept of free strains is used to reduce the three-dimensional problem to a two-dimensional one. It is solved using the three-dimensional linearized theory of stability. An approximate solution of the buckling problem is obtained by the finite-difference method. Numerical results are presented [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]