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BACKGROUND: Stem cell-based therapy is one of the newest and evolving techniques in reproductive medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation on the testis of busulfan induced azoospermia in Balb/C mice. METHODS: Eighteen adult Balb/C mice were divided into three equal groups including control, busulfan and busulfan+cell therapy (busul+CT). For induction of azoospermia, busulfan and busul+CT groups received two injections of 10 mg/Kg of busulfan intraperitoneally with 21 days interval. In the cell therapy group 35 days after the last injection of busulfan, cluster of differentiation (CD)90+/CD34-/CD45- BM-MSCs were injected into the efferent duct of testis. Eight weeks after the BM-MSCs therapy, mice were sacrificed and tissues were taken for histological and histomorphometric evaluations. RESULTS: In busul+CT group, cellular and total diameters and cellular and cross-sectional areas significantly increased in comparison to busulfan group (p˂0.001), but there were no significant differences between busul+CT and control group (p˃0.05). Numerical density and tubular count per area unit in busul+CT and control groups were significantly less than busulfan group (p˂0.001), but there were no significant difference between busul+CT and control group (p˃0.05). The luminal diameter and area showed no significant change in all groups (p˃0.05). In busul+CT group, spermatogenesis index significantly increased when compared to busulfan and control groups (p˂0.001 and p˂0.05, respectively). CONCLOSION: Histomorphometric findings showed CD90+/CD34-/CD45- BM-MSCs transplantation on the testis of busulfan-induced azoospermic in Balb/C mice recovered spermatogenesis. KEYWORDS: mesenchymal stem cell, cell therapy, azoospermia, busulfan, mouse

BACKGROUND: The prelimbic area (PL) of the prefrontal cortex is susceptible to abnormal developmental stimuli that raises the risk of addiction. Glutamate receptors play a key role in opiate reinforcement and reward functions in this area. Therefore, we examined the effect of the DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5), as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist into the PL on the phases of conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by morphine. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into 12 groups (3 surgical groups for each dose of morphine in any phase of CPP) and anaesthetized with chloral hydrate. Cannula was implanted into the PL and the AP5 was injected into this area and morphine-induced CPP was investigated. Data were processed with the commercially available SPSS 22 software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. p

BACKGROUND: Busulfan, a chemotherapeutic drug, is an alkylating antineoplastic agent that belongs to the class of alkyl sulfonates and has some side effects on fertility. This research was aimed to investigate the effects of busulfan on testicular tissue and serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and testosterone in adult mice. METHODS: Eighteen adult male Balb/C mice were collected randomly and were assigned in three groups including; control, azoospermia and spontaneous recovery. The groups, except for control group, received two injections of busulfan (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally with 21-days interval in order to induce azoospermia. Thirty-five and 140 days after the last injection, the effects of busulfan on testicular tissue were evaluated by histologic, histomorphometric and hormonal changes. AMH and testosterone were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits, respectively. RESULTS: Hormonal analyses showed no significant differences in AMH and testosterone serum levels. Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation showed disrupted spermatogenesis in azoospermia group, and restoration of spermatogenesis spontaneously in spontaneous recovery group. CONCLUSION: Busulfan at doses was used had no effect on AMH and testosterone serum levels. Busulfan can also induce azoospermia on a temporary basis however, in long term, spontaneous recovery can occur. The results indicated that some side effects are reversible and may depend on the dose applied. KEYWORDS: Busulfan, anti-Mullerian hormone, testosterone, mouse, testis