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This study investigated technologies related to a smart-card display and its wireless charging system, where the wireless receiver in the smart card receives not only the data but also the power required for the display circuitry. The goal of this research was to achieve the required energy transfer during the extremely short reading time when a person swipes his or her smart card. This paper describes the design considerations and the analysis procedures of the transmitter and receiver pair for an electronic paper (E-paper) display. A series of magnetic simulations as well as experimental tests were conducted to investigate the various design factors. The design considerations included the shape and effect of using ferromagnetic cores, the component design for frequency tuning, the geometric arrangements, and the number of turns of the coils. A novel design for power transmission is then proposed using a ferromagnetic core to enhance its energy efficiency. In experiments the transmitter unit prov...

Several prior studies reported that the header compression (HC) achieves several gains like bandwidth savings, faster response time and better reliability. A few other studies reported about loss due to HC. In this short paper, we introduce a single parameter named "power" to measure the gains of HC. We also introduce another single parameter as "effective power" to measure both the gains and the loss of HC. We find that the performance measurement by such single parameters gives more intuitive analysis and understanding of functions of HC.

Fibre optics is still a new and developing industry. Because of its expected growth, some thought and planning must be given in educating those workers who will be needed to sustain this growth. This paper reviews the history of educational activities that parallelled (and contributed to) the introduction of fibre optic technology. It describes the educational experiences of the the first fibre optic workers and the evolution that has seen fibre optic instruction grow to become an integral part of the curriculum of many leading educational institutions. An array of educational opportunities are described which are suitable for the novice and for the advanced practitioner. Guidelines are presented for designing a fibre optic educational program.

Dispersion in optical fibres is an important characteristic of the fibre which determines the information carrying capacity and also the repeater spacing. In this paper, a unified discussion of pulse dispersion in multimode as well as single mode fibres is presented. A tutorial presentation of the various physical mechanisms of the broadening of a pulse during transmission through optical fibres and the methods to design fibres with minimum dispersion have been made.

This paper reports installation practice as applied for installation of fibre optic cables in Denmark as of 1985. The information given herein is based on datas provided by the long sections of optical lines installed by the Danish Posts and Telegraphs and by the Jutland Telephone Company.

This review paper briefly outlines the basic design considerations of single-mode fibres. It analyses the features of the different designs being used in the world today and summarizes the trends i...

This paper describes the principles and applications of interferometric optical fibre sensors. The basic physical phenomena in dual beam and multiple beam interferometers are briefly described together with the principles of phase detection. The interface between fibre optic interferometers and physical measurands is then considered and the fundamental limits on performance potential are identified. Both passive and active fibre optic components have an important bearing on the realisation of practical sensor systems and the implications of this are discussed in some detail. This is followed by some speculation as to the future trends and system concepts which are to be expected in the second generation of interferometric sensors.

A solid-state image intensifier consists basically of a photoconducting layer (PC) and an electroluminescent layer (EL) sandwiched together between two transparent conducting electrodes. When an ac field is applied to this sandwich, it is possible to obtain on the output EL layer, an intensified version of the optical image presented on the input PC surface. Several sandwich type solid-state image intensifiers (SSII) have been fabricated in our laboratory. The fabrication and characterisation of a PC-EL panel consisting of CdSSe(Cu) powder in polystyrene binder as PC layer and ZnS(Cu) in cynoethyl cellulose binder as EL layer are reported here.

The operating characteristics of distributed feedback (DFB) InGaAsP lasers are reviewed from the point of view of their applications in optical communication systems. The wavelengths and the threshold gains of the allowed longitudinal modes of a DFB laser are obtained using the coupled-wave theory after incorporating both the facet reflections and the grating-induced distributed feedback. The experimental results are presented for 1.55 μm DFB semiconductor lasers. In particular, we discuss the temperature dependence of the threshold current and the emission wavelength, the modulation response, the frequency chirp, and the linewidth of the single longitudinal mode selected by the DFB mechanism.

Some fibre fabrication techniques commonly used for the production of optical telecommunication fibres are presented and described by means of their basic mechanisms. The fabrication techniques considered here are the rod-in-tube method, double-crucible method, IVD-, OVD-, CVD-, MCVD-, PMCVD-, PCVD-, POD-, and VAD-method. A comparison summarizes the present performance of those techniques used for high quality fibre fabrication.

The main state-of-the-art techniques for the evaluation of chromatic dispersion in single-mode fibres are reviewed, and methods based on nearfield, farfield, and/or spot-size measurements are mentioned. A mathematical development for the estimation of pulse shapes (for arbitrary input pulses) is presented together with an analytical formula for the Gaussian pulse case.

Opto-electronics technology based on optical fibres, semiconductor lasers and detectors, micro-optic components and opto-electronic integrated circuits will be the technology for the next era of the information age. A perspective of the future direction of research and development as well as the significance of such new opto-electronic technological progress in the information age is presented.

A tutorial introduction to the fused-tapered single-mode optical fibre coupler is presented. It is shown that the properties of the coupler can be deduced from fundamental physical arguments without reference to the detailed internal construction of the component. Some of the important experimental properties are discussed and a detailed theoretical model is discussed.

Existing geometric-optical techniques for exciting and analysing modes in a multimode optical fibre have proved insufficient in treating single fibre modes. We discuss the principle of wave-optical methods using computer-generated matched-filter holograms for the synthesis and analysis of arbitrary fibre fields in terms of suitable orthogonal functions, and report on progresses in the making of such filters. Our techniques could gain importance in evaluating the speckle pattern at the end-face of multimode fibre sensors.

We have presented electromagnetic analyses of a number of optical waveguides used in integrated optical devices. The attempt in each case has been to consider a simple refractive index distribution and bring out most of the important propagation characteristics of the waveguide. Some of the analyses will be quite general in nature e g, the study of leaky modes, the use of the recently-developed matrix method for determining the propagation characteristics of optical waveguides, the application of perturbation method for the analysis of non-separable profiles etc and would be applicable to optical fibres also.

Intensity and phase modulated multimode fibre-optic sensors are described. Cross-talk between two multimode fibers has been used to develop sensors for the detection of oil films on the surface of water and for analog measurements of liquid levels and temperatures. Frustrated total reflection at the end of an optical fibre is used for detecting air or gas bubbles and also for measuring refractive index and turbidity of liquids. Development of interferometer in the form of multimode Fibre Fabry-Perot sensor ‘FFP’ is described. The versatility of multimode FFP sensors is demonstrated and the advantages of multimode technology in fibre-optic interferometry are indicated.

This paper mainly studies the financial data management method and edge computing platform based on intelligent edge computing and big computing. This paper first introduces the theoretical basis o...

In this paper, the Radiating element of a patch antenna for energy harvesting application was fabricated using the graphene ink-based screen printed method. Wax-coated paper and polyester were inve...

This paper presents a detailed review of the design aspects and performance analysis of high-frequency inverters used in inductive power transfer application (IPT) for electric vehicles. The paper’...

This paper presents an interval type-2 fuzzy logic (IT2FL) controlled single-phase enhanced power quality-based photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG) system. The objective of this paper is to ...

This paper presents the novel islanding detection technique that depends on the piezoelectric sensors for distributed generation sources (DGs) in the grid-integrated operation mode. The islanding d...

A dual-band antenna array has been reported in this paper working in the fundamental mode of TM11 resonance for 5G communication. Rogers Rt/Duroid 5880 as dielectric substrate having a height of 0....

Low cost, miniaturization, and high gain are the most essential prerequisites for multiband antennas (MBA). Therefore, a tactical effort is made in this paper to realize a small-size MBA (X, Ku, K-...

In this paper, a two-port dual-band antenna is designed with high isolation. The beak-shaped radiator and open stubs are used to achieve miniaturization of the antenna. A T-shaped stub is used to i...

This paper introduces a design methodology that reduces the fundamental trade-off between linearity and power added efficiency (PAE) in CMOS power amplifier (PA). In our work, a stacked power block...

In this paper, a scheme for the collection of potential energy from the movement of the human body has been presented. According to the analysis of the movement characteristics of the body parts, an energy conversion mechanism was designed to adapt to the characteristics of human body movement. According to the characteristics of output energy conversion mechanism, an energy collection circuit was designed to convert the weak pulse energy storage output using a body energy conversion mechanism to provide a stable energy source for low-power-consumption sensors. The experimental results showed the energy conversion efficiency of the energy collection system proposed in this paper to be 42%. It was able to collect about 2 mW of human lower legs motion energy, which can meet the daily needs of low-power sensors mounted on the human body.

Ferroresonance is one of the complex phenomena, which occurs in power network. This can create thermal and insulation problems in the power system equipments. It can also cause chaotic oscillations in the power network. The magnitude of the power system capacitor is one of the important factors that lead to ferroresonance in capacitor voltage transformers (CVTs).Thyristor controlled series capacitors (TCSCs) are applied for series compensation in the transmission line of power system. In normal operation, these equipments have capacitance magnitude up to three times of fixed capacitor such that the increased value of transmission line capacitor, which is one of the reasons for ferroresonance occurrence, is provided. This paper studies and investigates the effects of TCSCs on the ferroresonance in the CVTs. Because of nonlinear dynamics of ferroresonance, bifurcation theory is utilized in this paper. Using this theory, variation of system parameters that cause chaotic ferroresonant oscillations can...

This paper presents an energy-efficient Modified Distance Vector Hop algorithm using Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization, viz. MDV-TLBO, which is range-free, distributed localization algorithm for wireless sensor network (WSN). In the proposed algorithm, the hop size of anchor node is modified by adding correction factor. The concept of collinearity is introduced in this paper to reduce location errors caused by anchor nodes which are collinear. TLBO is used to enhance the localization accuracy, which is parameter-free, efficient optimization technique. Target nodes estimate their final coordinates after location upgradation procedure. In MDV-TLBO, anchor nodes communicate only one time with target nodes to broadcast their location. Hop size modification, optimal selection of anchor nodes, location optimization, and location upgradation are done at target node level, resulting considerable reduction in communication between nodes, due to which energy consumption of the nodes has been significantl...

In this paper, a maiden application of combined voltage and frequency control ensures voltage, frequency, and power regulation in diverse standalone low voltage AC microgrid (MG) networks by combin...

Man-in-Middle attack and congestion are challenging issues in a wireless network. In this paper, a load, congestion and attack-aware Fuzzy-Statistical DSR (FSDSR) protocol is suggested for optimizi...

This paper presents a compact configured 5G dual-band MIMO loop antenna system for laptop computers. The antenna system consists of two identical 95 × 2 mm2 four-antenna units that are arranged on ...

In this paper, a photovoltaic system, which can move both east–west directions horizontally and in a north–south vertically, is designed according to the sun’s angle of incidence. Experimental stud...

Automated computer-aided soft computing methods are presently used to detect the tumor regions in brain images. In this paper, the tumor cells are detected in the brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (...

This paper studies the precise clock management technology for the power consumption information collection system which demands precise requirements of the electric power meter clock. The causes o...

This paper presents a path-finder algorithm (PFA) of meta-heuristic optimization for the performance enhancement of the bias compensated normalized maximum correntropy criteria (BCNMCC) based volta...

As macroscopic Breast Cancer (BC) imaging diagnostics do not provide satisfied data, microscopic image analysis is used to get optimum cell-nuclei segmentation for image categorization. The paper p...

With the increase in traffic on cloud servers due to the shifting of various services, information security has become a matter of major concern. This paper describes the security issues influencin...

A six-port MIMO antenna system for forthcoming mobile applications (Sub 6 GHz) is presented in this paper. Four F-shaped antenna elements are placed at four extreme corners and two at the middle si...

An ultra-low power 8-Transistor Modified Gate Diffusion Input (MGDI) Carbon Nano Tube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) Full Adder (FA) has been presented in this paper. The proposed 8-T MGDI CNTFET...

In this paper, an ensemble deep transfer learning (EDTL) based on Faster R-CNN is introduced for the vehicle detection in UAV images. We perform a weighted-averaging ensemble transfer learning comp...

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of the variation of the intrinsic impedance on the phase of a Gaussian pulse during propagation through a biological tissue. This paper describes a...

Worldwide, glaucoma is a type of eye disease, which causes loss of vision by damaging optic nerves within the eye. Available glaucoma detection techniques are less accurate. This paper proposed a c...

This paper presents the experimental design and characterization of an optimized radio-frequency energy-harvesting prototype device to operate in the GSM 900 band. The energy harvesting device is b...

In this paper, for the first time, a wideband low -loss high-power equally splitting power divider based on the new half-height pin form is introduced with bandwidth from 10 to 13.5 GHz centered at...

In this paper, a miniaturized tri-band microstrip bandpass filter is designed using three sets of shorted stub-loaded stepped impedance resonators (SSLSIRs). One pair of resonators have meandered s...

In this paper, a simple coplanar waveguide fed compact electrically small antenna for dual-band operations without the use of via is presented. The resonances of the structure are obtained by spira...

In this paper, a novel low profile planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with high gain and low specific absorption rate (SAR) using a miniaturized artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is investigated. T...

Global solar radiation is variable in nature, hence its forecasting is very important. This paper aims to predict the global solar radiations using real experimental data collected over time by dev...

In this paper, a submillimetric/THz metasurface polarization/oblique independent absorber is designed and characterized. The absorber is designed using a periodic arrangement of a modified split ri...