Modified Energy-Efficient Range-Free Localization Using Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents an energy-efficient Modified Distance Vector Hop algorithm using Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization, viz. MDV-TLBO, which is range-free, distributed localization algorithm for wireless sensor network (WSN). In the proposed algorithm, the hop size of anchor node is modified by adding correction factor. The concept of collinearity is introduced in this paper to reduce location errors caused by anchor nodes which are collinear. TLBO is used to enhance the localization accuracy, which is parameter-free, efficient optimization technique. Target nodes estimate their final coordinates after location upgradation procedure. In MDV-TLBO, anchor nodes communicate only one time with target nodes to broadcast their location. Hop size modification, optimal selection of anchor nodes, location optimization, and location upgradation are done at target node level, resulting considerable reduction in communication between nodes, due to which energy consumption of the nodes has been significantl...