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The research paper covers the forms of private and public initiative in the field of primary education in the Kharkiv province in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The forms and types of charity in the educational sphere of patrons, public organizations and public figures are determined. It was investigated how their cooperation with local governments took place in the formation and development of primary education in Kharkiv province. It was noted that the private and public initiative played a significant role in the development of primary education in the Kharkiv province. It was stated that participation in the development of primary education of people of different strata resulted in a variety of forms of charity. One of the characteristics of charity in the Kharkiv province was the cooperation of individuals, NGOs and local self-government bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the author discloses the concept of «the Majesty of the University» from Kazimierz Twardowski’s (1866–1938) point of view, who was the founder of the Lviv–Warsaw School (1895–1939). The subject of the paper is determined by the topicality of critical realization the modern idea of the university and its importance in the present context. It has been revealed that Twardowski defined the concept of «the Majesty of the University» as a unity of study and research, an autonomy, popularization of scientific researches, mental and moral education, a unity of professor’s and associated professor’s educational, teaching and research activity, high intelligence and morality of a teacher, a global solidarity of professors and associated professors, the unique value of philosophical sciences in the university study. It was concluded that Twardowski identified the Majesty of the University with the highest values and their implementation in human and social spiritual life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the position of the United States of America regarding Ukraine’s cooperation with the North Atlantic Alliance during both administrations of the 42nd US President William Jefferson Clinton. The reflection of Ukraine’s relations with NATO from the standpoint of the American establishment in such important foreign policy documents as «The National Security Strategy of the United States for 1994, 1995, 1997 year» (L.T.), as well as in the official sources of the Presidents of the United States - «Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States of America». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the Lviv-Warsaw School representatives' views about one of the principles of the university organization - the unity of research and teaching. It is found that under the ideal university Chezhovsky means the indivisibility of research and teaching; only such a university approach can promote the develop of a creative personality. It is established that in the content of the «creative individuality» concept Chezhovsky put people’s ability to independent thinking. It is determined that Svezhavsky under the profession understand not only the execution of tasks, but also creativity. Therefore, this philosopher determined scientific creativity as the unity of the highest intellectual and moral values. It is concluded that the idea of unity of the research and education, which was implemented ideally by the representatives of the University of Lviv-Warsaw School, remains relevant in the context of the present. It focuses the modern academic community attention on the temporal spiritual value - scientific creativity. At the same time, he warns that rejection of this value will mean a decline in culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considers scientific views of crested the formation of the Kievan state. The article is a study of the Kievan state through the prism of the works of N. Chubaty. The scientist noted that Kievan Rus was the founder of Kyiv-Rus, which consisted mainly of Kievan Rus and colonial terytoriy. Doslidzhennya consider ethnogeny Ukrainian people connected with the origin of Kievan Rus as ethnic, geographic and public- policy formation. In the end, the author concludes that N. Chubaty maintained that Kievan Rus - is one thing, something else Kyiv-Rus. The study is based on the use of complex general, structural-functional and historical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the issue of contribution in the development of chronicle-writing made by Vasian, bishop of Volodymyr (Volhynia) in 1486–1497. This connection is quite evident in the fragments of socalled Shorter Volhynian Chronicle which contains a lot of information on the local history. Another object of study is the Radziwill chronicle. It is a unique Cyrillic manuscript which contains over 600 miniatures that cover historical period from the mythical beginnings of Rus’ land up to the early 13th century. It is generally believed that the Radziwill chronicle was compiled somewhere in the Western Rus’ (in Smolensk or Polotsk). This notion is mostly based on the results of linguistic analysis of the chronicle as the manuscript itself lacks any indications on the time and place of its creation. But after almost a century of scholarly consensus regarding this issue the new concept emerged: the Radziwill chronicle was compiled in the bishop Vasian’s scriptorium in Volodymyr. It has never been critically assessed in academic literature despite being quite a novelty for chronicle studies. The detailed examination of the «Volhynian theory» demonstrated that it lacks any scholarly value and thus should be completely ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper studies socialistic views of a famous Ukrainian writer, poet, translator, ethnographer, and public figure from Galychyna Ivan Franko. Special attention is given to Ukrainian poet’s opinions on Marxist social-political and economical theory. Political essays of Franko which concern his political views and also his translation of one of the central chapters of a fundamental work by Karl Marx “Capital” are analyzed. Was Ivan Franko an orthodox Marxist as soviet history tells us? If not, then what are the contradictions in thoughts of two great thinkers? Paper will be useful for those interested in Ukrainian history, biography studies, Ukrainian literature, Ivan Franko and Marxism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific paper delves into the studies of the evolution of the Department for Social Sciences of the Kharkov Veterinary Institute during the first post-war decade of the apotheosis of the totalitarian regime and Stalin personality cult. Teaching, methodical and scientific activities of the academics working for the department and the main of their research papers were analyzed. The development of social sciences at the time of beginning of the «cold war» that had an impact on the development of social sciences in the USSR and other countries has been investigated. However, exactly at the period of time in question the logistics of the institutions of higher education was restored and teaching, methodical and scientific work was organized. This scientific paper is devoted to the role of Stalinism in organizing the attack on the ideological dissension, and search for «internal enemies» to fight the cosmopolitism and it uses materials that highlight the activities of the Kharkov Veterinary Institute. It is shown that ideological companies in the 40-50ies of the XX century had a negative influence on the development of social sciences, in particular the historical science, including the activities of Kharkov social scientists and historians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the role and importance of Norwegian foreign aid as one of the key priorities of its foreign policy. It also examines the history of Norway’s becoming of the greatest donors of humanitarian assistance in the world. The paper designates institutional basis of Norwegian foreign aid and role of main channels of aid. It examines the meaning of foreign aid as important influencer on the image of Norway on the international arena. The paper concludes that foreign aid is important element of the foreign policy strategy of Norway which aims both to improve conditions in recipient countries and image of Norway worldwide as humanitarian superpower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes two legal cases - the case of SVU (1929-1930) and the case concerning KGB’s operation “Block”. The similarity of two cases is emphasized in the aspect of the prosecution’s direction (against the ukrainian intellectuals) and also the manipulation of social opinion of the world’s society by soviet security services is shown. The cases are similar though not identical. The main difference lies in the methods chosen by chekists for each of the cases. “Block” was aimed first of all at stopping any creative and legal activity of the Ukrainian dissidents of the “sixties” generation while SVU was more about manipulation of the society’s opinion about the opposition in the USSR. These differences and similarities are analyzed as well as cultural and political consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hileya: Scientific Bulletin / Gileya is the property of GILEYA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study characterizes discursive, conceptual and contextual special features of the issue interpretation dealing with work’s author-creator in H.-G. Gadamer’s philosophical and esthetic conception. To achieve the research aim it has been used principles of system approach, hermeneutic, phenomenological, and comparative methods of analysis. The paper demonstrates that Gadamer’s issue interpretation of work’s author-creator bases on general representation of philosophical hermeneutics about the development of art work in the aspect of independent world. Approaching to this world constitutes special type of experience. The author stresses that this type of experience occupies an important position in the structure of human’s life experience and combines humans with the world of language and tradition. The author emphasizes on dialogical interaction of the interpreter and literary text that is always characterized as a presenter of up-to-date senses. The paper defines that super-temporal relevance of art work deals with the conceptions of singleness and otherness in Gadamer’s study. Work’s comprehension in the mode of singleness presents the uniqueness of sense message and image-plastic expression, unique concentration of formative, plot and style compositions that reveal true creativity. The author highlights the revelation of work’s singleness through the otherness, dialogue experience with the Other. The paper demonstrates that prospective work’s otherness is caused with its interaction with infinite plural number of interpreted contexts, changes of comprehension horizons and variety of self-development in a world of truth’s implementation. The author gives the rationale for H.-G. Gadamer’s work interpretation as an incomplete integrity with constant increase of cultural senses. The study stresses on the fact that according to H.-G. Gadamer’s conception it has been highlighted the capacity to comprehend oneself and get positive experience of existence-with-the-Other and the world during work’s studying. The author argues that work’s non-temporal up-to-date issue combining with representation of co-existence-withthe- Other expresses universal character of its core. The research gives the rationale for the influence of mentioned things on work’s making connections with cultural tradition. The study analyzes the interaction of work and author in the context of up-to-date existence presented with highly-appreciated concept in H.-G. Gadamer’s study. The author characterizes the meaning of the concept “existence-to-the-text” in the aspect of interpretation the issue of work’s author-creator and emphasizes on its expression of the development of an object of esthetic experience in the experience. The paper highlights eventful, active aspect of the concept and the connection of phenomena defined with this concept with the “awakening to life”. The paper establishes the correlation of the concept “existence-to-text” with the figure of work’s author- creator interpreted in the meaning of last mediator who speaks on the behalf of existence. The author stresses on the opposition of “existence-to-text” and “existence-to-death” as work’s creator combines existence with non-existence, divine with mortal, world with the Earth, land with sky, and presents work from non-existence into the existence. The author highlights the relationship of H. G. Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics states with M. Heidegger’s, E. Fink’s, P.-M. Foucault’s studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to clarify the specifics of the embodiment of beauty ideals in hospitality industry in accordance with Belle Époque basic artistic principle, which states that the world can be justified only as an aesthetic phenomenon. The author used cultural–historical, comparative, systemic, axiological methods, as well as hermeneutic approach. The paper examines the impact of technological innovations of the second industrial revolution on the industrialization and aesthetization of the process of provision of hospitality service. In this context, the «industrial entertainment» and the related «technologically sublime» concept are analyzed. Particular attention is drawn to the formation in the space of hospitality industry of such discourses as artistic and scientific, art discourse, intellectual discourse and discourse of personal manifestation, which are relevant in the postmodern world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the issue of Brexit. It also considers inclusion of Gibraltar into Great Britain and contradictions between the Great Britain and Spain on its sovereignty. The paper designates legal basis of the status of Gibraltar into Great Britain. It explains attitude of Spain towards solving the issue of Gibraltar. Influence of Brexit on Gibraltar in view of its specific geopolitical position. The paper concludes that influence of Brexit on Gibraltar will be similar to that which will take place in case of administrative and political parts of the United Kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem setting. The interconnection of politics and memory has become especially relevant in the political processes of the twentieth century, due to the need to rethink historical heritage and to understand the impact of history on the course of events. The past century, fraught with ethnic conflicts, reaffirms the importance of the impact of historical memory on inter-ethnic and inter-state relations. Studying the Ukrainian-Polish cooperation, she came to the conclusion that the policy of historical memory is the subject and instrument of foreign policy of modern states. Recent research and publications analysis. Reconsideration of the pages of history, formation and significance of memory politics in political life were worked by: G. Motyka, Y. Grytsak, B. Osadchuk, T. Zhurzhenko, M. Marynovych, M. Ryabchuk, N. Yakovenko, E. Thompson, F. Boll, O. Miller, N. Gorskaya and S. Trochimchuk. The most fundamental theoretical works on the study of memory belong to such researchers as: P. Nora, M. Halbwax, P. Recyor, P. Hatton, J. Assman, A. Nixenthitis. Paper objective. The main purpose of the study is to show that history is an instrument of foreign policy and improvement of bilateral relations, a factor that has contributed to the construction of the European Union. Paper main body. The article analyzes the relationship between politics and memory in postwar Europe, and emphasizes the influence of historical memory on the interstate relations of the countries of Western and Central Europe. Following the example of the foreign policy of France, Germany and Poland, it is emphasized that Europe, in the postwar period, created a new culture of memory, which is called the “culture of repentance”. Conclusions of the research. It is proved that the countries of Western and Central Europe have formed a model of peaceful coexistence and achievement of social understanding based on reconciliation with the conflict past. Historical memory has become an object and instrument of foreign policy. The European model of rethinking the historical past and overcoming interethnic disputes through reconciliation processes remains relevant today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at analyzing the informational value of travelers’ writings for the study of the history of the Northern Pryazovia area (within Ukraine) in the latter half of the 14th and the 15th centuries. The sources used for this paper include the writings by I. Smolianin, Ibn Arabshah, J. Schiltberger, G. Barbaro, Pomponius Laetus. Their travel accounts were researched using various source study methods, such as source analysis and synthesis, chronological historical analysis and comparative method. The paper demonstrates the linking of the sources with the writings by the travel writers of the 12th – early to mid 14th centuries. It is emphasized that the depiction of the Northern Pryazovia in the travelers’ accounts is influenced by the events and processes then occurring within the area, as well as by the author’s personality: background, interests, and the circumstances surrounding their visit to the Pryazovia. The similarities found in the reports by authors of different origin over several centuries demonstrate the continuity of the nomadic traditions. Travelers’ accounts provide varied perspectives of the collapse of the Golden Horde, internal feuds and their negative effects upon the Northern Pryazovia, as well as the effects brought about by Timur’s campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of research topic is devoted to a creative work of an outstanding Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko. It is known that he made a great contribution to literature and science during his lifetime. I. Franko emphasizes the set of general-spiritual and national problems in his works. They are the important and vital principals for Ukrainian nation. The purpose of the article is to analyze the study of poem «Moses» and particularly the principles of general - spiritual problems, which are necessary for Ukrainian people. According to the methodology and results of the research, the paper is concerned with Ivan Franko’s works. He is represented as an interpreter, a publisher, an editor and a politician, who has various range of knowledge. The article analyzes the literary, publicistic and scientific heritage by the example of a poem «Moses». Considerable attention is paid to Ivan Franko’s attitude to the role of a culture in the development of the Ukrainian national identity. The novelty and practical purpose of the scientific study is concerned with the analysis I. Franko’s works and his poem «Moses» - the masterpiece of his creativity. This poem introduces the most relevant problem of Ukrainian nation. After analysis of a poem we can say that the problem of a nation building is the key in this text. It shows the most important political, philosophical, ethical and aesthetic views of the author. The conclusion dwells upon the personality of Ivan Franko, who could spread a word of Ukrainian language and its culture all around the world. Due to his works, Ukrainian culture is at the appropriate level. So, it is important to study and spread Ivan Franko’s concepts like an author of Ukrainian national identity and culture. He proposed the ideas of certain values, which could get into the habit of Ukrainian people and other nations, who live in the territory of an independent Ukraine. In addition, the article is of interest to further study of complex scientific comprehension such term as «Ukrainianism», its particularity, the base of Ukrainian mentality and spiritual values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hileya: Scientific Bulletin / Gileya is the property of GILEYA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work covers the life and work of Hatice Turhan Sultan - a prominent Ottoman sultan who was Ukrainian. The paper highlights the role and influence of a prominent Ukrainian woman on the history of the Ottoman Empire. The paper identifies the root causes of the end of the era of the Women’s Sultanate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the topical in analytic philosophy problem of personal identity, which is highlighted in publications of such prominent researchers as B. Williams, D. Wiggins, R. Nozick, H. Noonan, D. Parfit and other. The philosophers of analytical direction have been trying to develop it for more than fifty years. However, the question arises, if the problem of personal identity has really been developing in analytic philosophy and if there are any changes in its problem field. To find it out, the author compares the main achievements of analytic philosophy with the accounts of the problem of personal identity worked out in the 18th – 19th centuries. The conclusion, which the author reaches, is that analytic philosophy has really developed the problem of personal identity, but not as greatly as it seems at first. Taking into consideration the contemporary situation of the problem development, the paper states that the problem of personal identity has fully exhausted itself as a metaphysical one. The prospect to build a new approach to the problem of personal identity and the principles, on which this approach should be grounded, are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper emphasizes that environmental threats facing the planet have actualized the scientific researches in the field of alternative energy resources and formation of a new type of ecological consciousness. The last one requires complex transformation of people’s everyday lives, and the removal of the consumerist attitudes from the mass consciousness. John Greer’s investigations in the field of rational use of land resources and peculiarities of the construction of human habitation in the future are considered. It is noted that homes that function as a separate ecosystem will be the only acceptable solution in the construction industry in the future. Paper outlines the advantages of cities construction, that will allow people to live more compactly, more rationally distribute the space around them, and will not require extra costs for transportation, water and energy supplies. Despite the advantages of the embedding of technologies into people’s everyday life, it is noted that quite dangerous are software failures, severe programming errors, and actions of the intruders who can download and use personal information to achieve unlawful purposes. It is also emphasized that problems of technological smart cities of the future are not so much in the pace of the development and implementation of the latest eco– and energy–efficient technologies, as in the moral education of a person [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is concerned with an existence and its’ main boundary components (a corporeality, a limitation, an absurd). Among the methods of the paper can be named questioning–answering, analysing, synthesing, hermeneutical, phenomenological, reconstructive, modelling, etc. Conclusions: Being is presenting with the beings/ existents. One of them named ‘Human being’ the essence of whom can be revealed with help of an existence which consists of biological and social parameters. ‘To exist’ means ‘to present yourself as unique’ in every situation but this one is possible through transcendency. The keys to the last one are a corporeality, a limitation, an absurd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the conditions of revival and directions of development of rural cooperatives in the Ukrainian village during the first years of independence. It was found out, that the development of cooperation in Ukraine refrained insufficient attention to its government. In world practice, cooperation has gained an extensive development in the fields, which provided services to farmers, who specialized in marketing and product processing, logistics and other services. Ukrainian peasants lacked such support, so they forced themselves to create completely controlled cooperative structures. In Ukraine, there were three groups of agricultural service cooperatives. The first one included cooperatives, which were created by the owners of private agricultural units. Their founders were village communities of several rural villages or households. The second group embraced cooperatives, which were created and organized by a group of producers – farmings. The third group was represented by cooperatives, called «agrotrading houses», members and users of their services were great reformed agricultural enterprises of all forms of farming, farms, agricultural cooperatives of the first and second groups. Among scientists and politicians there was no consensus on the prospects of industrial cooperation As a result, understanding of industrial cooperation narrowed to household forms. It was proved, that the process of agricultural cooperative revival took place under difficult conditions. In the academic paper were used such general and specific principles as scientific, historical, impartial, systemic and pluralistic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The definitions of the institution and institutionalization in different sciences differ from each other. This is especially true of the philosophical understanding of the institutionalization of power and law (this refers to the institutional categories of power and law). The research paper aims at studying the existing definitions of the institutions of both social phenomena in philosophical science. It is stated that the modern system of law is characterized by its own pragmatism, its attempt to adapt to fair social needs. The research paper deals with the analysis of adaptation conditions concerning the phenomenon of the social institution in relation to the power and legal features of the modern Ukrainian society. This means that there is an increasing number of representatives of the legal system who make decisions not only fair within reasonable limits, but also as adequate as possible to social expectations. The analysis of comparison and interpenetration of these institutions as a philosophical concept is suggested. The conclusion is made that the definition of key philosophical features of the institutionalization of power and law characterizes these features as a group of philosophical provisions, which form a certain whole from the point of view of the subject of regulation, that is, the set of such power and legal norms with institutional factors being their carriers. It is noted that the understanding of the phenomena of the institution and institutionalization is consistent with the philosophical understanding, although the latter applies more to the informal institutions of society, complementing and expanding formal institutions, and sometimes contradicting them. By the most important sign of rule– of-law state, as the index of its formation, comes out the state of the lawful culture of society, which is in many respects determined by the level of legal conscience. Legal conscience belongs to the most significant categories of social philosophy. Primary attention the author accentuates on the transformation of the legal conscience of society, lawful socialization, social mood, spirituality of contemporary society, deformation of lawful consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper views the notion of the psychologistic complexity and compares it (searching both similarities and contradictions) to algorithmic complexity from the mathematical theory of computation. The conceptual genesis of the problem form some philosophical issues of epistemic logic and classical problems of philosophy of mathematics is described. The complex study of both psychologistic complexity and algorithmic complexity is provided. The similarity together with the principal impossibility to reduce these notions is stated. Paper studies the philosophical and technical foundations of the notion of the psychologistic complexity and shows the need for introducing it to the field of the philosophical logic. The philosophical ideas of the foundations of this notion are studied and practical spheres of the possible usage of this concept are studied. The domain of usage of this term is described and problematique is viewed not only by formal logic but also by philosophy of psychology. A part from that the semantics for the hypothetical logic that will study psychologistic complexity by analogy with algorithmic is provided. The implications of these philosophical and technical innovations are described. The research results of the paper may be in use for formal logic, philosophy of logic, psychology and philosophy of psychology (philosophy of mind), theory of computational complexity and algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the formation of the phenomenon of scientific communities, value standards and communication models of the academic environment of the XVI-XVIIth centuries, as well as their influence on the industrial society development. The paper discusses the scientific and cognitive activity of the first scientific circles, associations, academies, within the framework of which the European scientific tradition is formed. These scientific communities in the process of institutionalization transformed from informal societies into the specialized and formalized scientific associations. They contributed to the consolidation of science as an important component of European culture. The provision of such associations with official status has shown the desire of the government authorities to direct the scientific movement, its dynamics in the way the government need. However, the mechanisms of self-realization, which were formed in the environment of scientific communities, contributed to the formation of civil society in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present paper examines the trends of the Cyprus migration policy at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. Attention was paid to the development of the migration policy of the Republic of Cyprus, which after the declaration of independence, was a donor of migrants. The economic growth of the country at the end of the 20th century dramatically changed it to the recipient country of migrants. The purpose of this paper is to analyze migration flows to the Republic of Cyprus in the context of global change in the modern world. It outlines the migration situation in the Republic, analyzes the external factors that contributed to the arrival of foreigners to Cyprus and clarifies the main problems facing the situation of migrants in Cyprus. Also, attention is paid to migrants from Ukraine, their employment on the island, as well as of the migrants from neighboring countries and from post–Soviet countries. It is concluded that the integration of foreigners to the cultural, political and social life of the Republic of Cyprus has influenced public opinion and life style. As the participation of foreigners became an integral part of the Cypriot society, this required a clear elaboration of the legislative framework in the context of the European integration of the Republic of Cyprus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reveals the topic of the special education of children of the «new» generation of the 21st century, namely, their relation to the world around, contribution of parents to the physical and aesthetic development of their children. The examples how the classical choreography art have significant opportunities in the upbringing of children and how they affect the future of children are presented in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the demand for recognition as important social and political consequences of the rise of the modern moral ideal of authenticity. The research is focused on J.-J. Rousseau’s and G. Hegel's teachings on the idea of recognition, which are defined as key sources of Taylor's stand. The paper examines Taylor's warnings concerning the system of universal rights as means for preservation and protection of authentic identity. The article analyses key responses to Taylor's concept of recognition. The author examines K. Appiah's suggestions to extend Taylor's argumentation and also his criticism concerning correlations between personal and collective levels of recognition and its boundaries. The paper discovers basic points of J. Habermas's criticism against Taylor's reconsideration of liberalism, particularly it exposes Habermas's arguments on rehabilitation of the proceduralist conception of rights as means for protection of cultural and social differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key points of the book «Spiritual Life. Essay on Philosophy of Culture» (1947) by Polish philosophy of culture and theory of education researcher, Bohdan Navrochynsky (1882-1974) have been disclosed in the paper. The topic of the paper is determined by the uncertainty about the subject of modern science of culture. Bohdan Navrochynsky was the representative of Lviv-Warsaw School (1895-1939). The main feature of this school was accuracy and clarity of analyzed concepts. The analytical method of Bohdan Navrochynsky avoids polysemic usage of the concept «culture». It can promote monosemantic definition of the subject of modern science of culture. The analysis of Navrochynsky's book reveals that the subject of culture is the spiritual life, not the whole culture, but its interior aspect - the cultured fact, that differs from the cultural fact. It is about that the culture, understood in the biological or sociological sense, consists of the cultural facts; meanwhile the culture, understood in the psychological and axiological sense, consists of the cultured facts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the peculiarities of formation of Iranian foreign policy, current trends, affecting its improvement, are determined. The main theoretical aspects of development of Iranian behavior model on the international arena are singled out. The paper examines the electoral trends of Iranian society, their corelation with the circumstances in the geopolitical space. The probable scenario of the foreign policy discourse of the Islamic Republic during Ebrahim Raisi’s presidentship is formulated. The key elements, reflecting conservative wing’s view on the formation of its own foreign policy strategy are identified. The article proves the tie between the foreign policy circumstances, in particular IRI-USA confrontation, and Iran’s internal electoral processes; the factors, determining state’s leadership inability to conduct constructive foreign policy discourse at the present point in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humankind is in a state of turbulence not only due to the pandemic as a large-scale spread of infectious disease. The coronavirus crisis has sharply called into question the guiding principles of freedom and with them the fundamental ideas about the ethical motivation of human actions. The paper makes an attempt to analyze the transformation of the contexts of freedom under a pandemic in modern society. It is argued that the understanding of freedom and non-freedom as a binary inseparable system in a globalized society of risk is extremely important for conscious limitation of their own actions, and the ability of the social subject to the conscious limitation in the world of familiar situations and things is a manifestation of the rational and moral vector, which demonstrates the level of education and determines the degree of social responsibility of a particular person in understanding freedom. The author emphasizes that today understanding the causal links of the pair category «freedom-nonfreedom» is a prerequisite for the formation of social responsibility of a person during a pandemic, for a confrontation with the pandemic and its consequences is possible only if we realize that freedom is security. Security in the context of globalization is always a collective strategy that requires the consolidation of the efforts and resources of states from all continents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of socio-philosophical analysis presented in this paper is to study the innovative potential of modern education in the implementation of the principle of multiculturalism in human development. There are innovations: «material and technical; organizational and managerial; information; social; economic; educational «. Innovation is not only a scientific activity related to the knowledge of the laws of nature, but also engineering, as a result of which new artificial objects are created. Analyzing the internal restructuring of the educational institution, innovation in science and education, we can conclude that the qualitative change of the educational system includes the following mechanisms, in particular, all reconstructions related to the transfer of innovation: creation of special research institutions to support researchers; knowledge in a particular area, not only the implementation of socio-moral norms (as before), the formation of control mechanisms for scientific and pedagogical activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the peculiarities of formation of Iranian foreign policy, current trends, affecting its improvement, are determined. The main theoretical aspects of development of Iranian behavior model on the international arena are singled out. The paper examines the electoral trends of Iranian society, their corelation with the circumstances in the geopolitical space. The probable scenario of the foreign policy discourse of the Islamic Republic during Ebrahim Raisi’s presidentship is formulated. The key elements, reflecting conservative wing’s view on the formation of its own foreign policy strategy are identified. The article proves the tie between the foreign policy circumstances, in particular IRI-USA confrontation, and Iran’s internal electoral processes; the factors, determining state’s leadership inability to conduct constructive foreign policy discourse at the present point in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

, необхідність, трансформація. Humankind is in a state of turbulence not only due to the pandemic as a large-scale spread of infectious disease. The coronavirus crisis has sharply called into question the guiding principles of freedom and with them the fundamental ideas about the ethical motivation of human actions. The paper makes an attempt to analyze the transformation of the contexts of freedom under a pandemic in modern society. It is argued that the understanding of freedom and non-freedom as a binary inseparable system in a globalized society of risk is extremely important for conscious limitation of their own actions, and the ability of the social subject to the conscious limitation in the world of familiar situations and things is a manifestation of the rational and moral vector, which demonstrates the level of education and determines the degree of social responsibility of a particular person in understanding freedom. The author emphasizes that today understanding the causal links of the pair category «freedom-nonfreedom» is a prerequisite for the formation of social responsibility of a person during a pandemic, for a confrontation with the pandemic and its consequences is possible only if we realize that freedom is security. Security in the context of globalization is always a collective strategy that requires the consolidation of the efforts and resources of states from all continents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of socio-philosophical analysis presented in this paper is to study the innovative potential of modern education in the implementation of the principle of multiculturalism in human development. There are innovations: «material and technical; organizational and managerial; information; social; economic; educational «. Innovation is not only a scientific activity related to the knowledge of the laws of nature, but also engineering, as a result of which new artificial objects are created. Analyzing the internal restructuring of the educational institution, innovation in science and education, we can conclude that the qualitative change of the educational system includes the following mechanisms, in particular, all reconstructions related to the transfer of innovation: creation of special research institutions to support researchers; knowledge in a particular area, not only the implementation of socio-moral norms (as before), the formation of control mechanisms for scientific and pedagogical activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of free time pedagogy from the Lviv-Warsaw School (LWS) (1895-1939) philosophers' and pedagogues' point of view has been disclosed in the paper. The subject of the article is determined on the one hand by the topicality of the free time issues in the field of education and on the other hand - by the lack of analysis of its projection in LSW in the Ukrainian philosophical-pedagogical researches. The introduction to free time pedagogy in LWS has been found in «Speech…» (1901) by Kazimierz Twardowsky, Polish philosopher, the creator and the founder of LWS. «Free time pedagogy» (1937) by Oleksandr Kulchytskyi, the Ukrainian representative of the Lviv-Warsaw School, and «Leisure education» (1966) by Bohdan Navrochynsky, the Polish representative of the LWS, have been analyzed in the paper. It has been proven that the axiological purpose of LWS free time pedagogy is the designing of such a reality in which a man could discover his/her life in its all integrity, namely would understand the sense and the value of his/her life. The author came to the conclusion that LWS free time pedagogy aims at bringing to society's mind the mention about life value and creativity, so that a human would not devastate his/her inner world and would not lose his/her identity and unicity in the competition of civilization against culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the fission problem as one of the main aspects of personal identity. We state that the fission problem appears simultaneously with the conception of personal identity and reflects the changes in its problem field, that is why it is reasonable to consider the development of the problem of personal identity through the fission problem. The learnt article determines that in the process of its development, the fission problem goes a long way from an example to a thought experiment, which, afterwards, turns into a separate problem. We have distinguished three stages in the history of the fission problem: the beginning of the script in J. Locke’s examples, its actualization as a separate problem and the refusal to solve it. The paper shows that the fission problem demonstrates weaknesses of the today's neo–Lockian conceptions of personal identity. As within this paradigm the fission problem cannot be actually solved, the philosophers are beginning to avoid attempts to solve it, which was illustrated with the example of the closest-continuer theory by R. Nozick. We define that there will be a revision of the concept of person in analytical philosophy in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research paper is theoretical and applied analysis of the phenomenon of political activities at the local level. The paper substantiates the theoretical and methodological principles of the multipurpose analysis dealing with specifics while the formation and manifestation of political activities at the level of local self-government. Much attention is given to the essential theoretical characteristics of political activities within the realities of urban political regimes. The research work focuses on the analysis of the local citizens' participation in the processes of decentralisation. The role of civil society institutions in the process of forming an effective local self-government system in Ukraine is emphasised. The paper contains practical recommendations and tips for the use of constructive political activities at the local level. The set aim and tasks of the research paper were realisedon the basis and due to the implementation of a whole complex of philosophical, worldview, general scientific and some special politological methods of scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deals with the classic problem of the doxastic logic and formal epistemology. The philsophical core of the problem is analysed together with its relation to different formal systems and existing methods of solving the problem. The pluses and minuses of them are presented. The thought is stated according to which this problem remains actual and generally unsolved. The new method of solving is described which has no minuses previously described and possesses some pluses. Method is founded on ideas borrowed from the different logic - the intuitionistic logic. It introduces a special scale into the calculus build on the calculation complexity criterion. The main scientific value of the paper is introducing this new method of solving the classical problem. The paper has consequences for formal epistemology, doxastic and epistemic logics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines higher education in Germany and its basic principles. In this paper the author shows the main factors which have significant value in promoting democratic education and ways to improve it. The author analyzes the formation and development of the education system in Germany. The author shows that the quality of education and the educational process is improving in the higher education institutions in Germany because the quality of education characterizes not only the result of educational activity of properties specialist — graduates, but also factors of this result, depending on the purpose of education content and methodology, organization and technology. Also, analyzing the literatures the author in the paper shows features of modern higher education in Germany, the center of which is a man- person, who is educated and spiritually rich. It is an ideal of German progressive thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper deals with the essence of youth journalism and its staffing and organizational support. The characteristics of youth as a target group of this type of media are identified. The objective of this research paper is the main components of sources on staffing of youth press in our country. It is stated that the regional level of development of youth media is crucial to some extent, since an indicator of regional differentiation in Ukraine is quite high. A significance of specified sources to clarify the situation in national periodicals for youth is determined. Analysis of sources on staffing of youth media in our country allows concluding that the main documentary sources on this issue are the following: a) collection of periodicals for youth kept in specialized departments of archives or libraries of Ukraine, as well as in collections; b) materials of staff records management of editorial offices of youth media; c) correspondence of editorial offices of specified newspapers and magazines with other institutions, including journalistic focus, on professional and personnel policies; d) periodicals of another focus that also related to interests of youth; e) policy documents of youth organizations, memoir literature and political works on youth movements and their media. In addition, feedback of the readers of youth media can be indirectly attributed to these sources. The problematic aspects of staffing in the youth journalism were identified and the prospects of solving them were suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Orthodox religion key provisions, namely those related to the issues the formation of a human as a spiritual being. Particular attention in the analysis is focused on the development of an individual as a realization of the person's attitude to herself, the God, the world, and people, as well as an implementation of her internal spiritual potential. The article includes a comparative analysis of the Western and Orthodox anthropologies on the human-being issue. The paper concludes that the Orthodox anthropology is featured by a more optimistic and life–affirming nature in terms of human life and moral characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the peculiarities of cultural diplomacy of Germany. The main preconditions and stages of its formation are determined. The paper analyzes the current priorities of German cultural diplomacy and examines the features of their implementation in practice. The institutions and tools used by Germany in the framework of cultural policy to achieve fundamental goals and increase the effectiveness of the country’s foreign policy are considered. The article proves that German cultural diplomacy helps to raise awareness about the country; formation of positive ideas about the country and its values, ensuring understanding of its ideas and views; attracting people to the country for tourism and education, promotion of its goods abroad; attracting political allies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific work was performed on the topic «Information and analytical support of the foreign policy of the Slovak Republic in 2004-2019». The aim of the work is to study the course of foreign policy of the Slovak Republic and the role of its information and analytical support in the period from 2004 to 2019. When writing the article, such methods were used as: dialectical, which will determine the ways of scientific research and explore the phenomenon of information security; – hypothetical-deductive – a method designed to familiarize with the factual material that requires theoretical explanation; – assumptions – this method helps to establish the causes and patterns of phenomena using many logical techniques; – content analysis – is a method of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the array of information to obtain objective, structured and generalized information about the course of events in the period specified in the study; – the method of SWOT-analysis allows to process the whole layer of information and structure it by categories (strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities). The paper analyzes foreign and domestic sources on the theory of information and analytical support of foreign policy, identifies areas of this activity, considers the course of foreign policy of Slovakia in 2004- 2019, and explores the institutions and services of its information and analytical support of foreign policy. The study also presents a SWOT analysis of Slovakia’s information and analytical support services and their impact on the country’s foreign policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the main elements of migrants’ integration into a new society as a bilateral process. Different possible effects of civic activism on the process of integration are analyzed. Based on previous theoretical frameworks and data, we analysed the conclusive results of qualitative research of Ukrainian youth activists in EU countries (in-depth interviews used). We studied the process of integration of Ukrainian migrants in the perspective of their adaptation in the host countries and in terms of perception of Ukrainians as new members of the respective societies. The problems the interviewed migrants consider obstacles to their effective integration were revealed. Ukrainian migrant activism in the countries studied has some equivocal characteristics. However, this phenomenon contributes to facilitating the integration of some migrants and preserving their national identity and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and Slovakia is an important component of bilateral relations. Prospects for development and opportunities for cross-border mutually beneficial cooperation between Ukraine and Slovakia in the XXI century, due to such important factors as a common border, historical and cultural ties, lack of mutual territorial claims, large Ukrainian diaspora in Slovakia and Slovak in Ukraine. The purpose of this work is to scientifically argue the theoretical, methodological and conceptual approaches to enhancing cross-border cooperation in the study region, namely: determining the role and place of cross-border cooperation; research of levels of cross-border cooperation; identification of the main trends in the functioning of cross-border areas. This paper presents the advantages and barriers to creating cross-border ties between the two countries (socio-economic; cultural). Particular attention is paid to the implementation of cross-border cooperation programs between states, which allows to assess the results of the relevant authorities at the local, regional and state levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the specifics and peculiarities of the regional mass media functioning in the process of democratic transformations in modern Ukraine. It is singled out traditional and modern models of regional media functioning. It has been found positive and negative characteristics of media activity at the local level. Positive changes in the formats of regional media focus on updating multimedia projects, own pages in social networks, city guides, convergent platforms for dialogue and discussion of the community and government. The study also revealed negative trends: the regional media orientation and duplication on national news, low quality of content, inertia of local media employees, dominance of ordering articles public; ignoring local issues and problems of external aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article attempts to clarify the meaningful lines of transformation processes of political regimes in the conditions of exhaustion of the “end of history” paradigm impulse and fundamentally new challenges of liberal democracy in the circumstances of the “pandemic crisis” and in the situation of general reformatting of the world, search for modern meanings of democracy and guidelines for national development in Latin America and the Caribbean. The paper uses a systematic scientific approach, components of comparativism, methods of interdisciplinary analysis and development of political phenomenology to symbolize the political process, behavioral understanding of the foundations of the political process and modern “emotional capitalism”. It is concluded that political regimes in Latin America and the Caribbean countries will be aimed, inter alia, at finding system-forming ideas taking into account local values, their own ideas about the quality of the future, their worldview and institutional representation in socio-political reality. In this context, the chances of further actualization of various manifestations of participatory democracy, democracy of a non-liberal nature, look significant. The variability of the development of political regimes can be associated with new forms of participatory democracy, which will additionally show both their socially provocative projections of a dangerously populist nature and constructively innovative approaches and decisions that outline the potential for a positive and effective nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comprehensive modeling of the process, specifics and expected results of naming of catering, including the register of caterin’s names, the study of their electronic representations on the Internet and paper promotional products, as well as visiting certain institutions and communicating with other visitors about psycholinguistic and linguocultural interpretation of the mentioned electronic texts and consumer narratives. The motivational process of creating and functioning of caterin’s names was reconstructed, including motivation of nomination in terms of nominator, motivation of the name from the consumer’s point of view and the motivation of the studied units as a consequence of the first two processes. It was established that the external motivational level of the motivational base of caterin’s names includes 8 motivational features, from which the nominator was chosen the most relevant for a specific name, against the background of the extinction of the other 7 characteristics that have different quantitative dominant in the studied socio-cultural spaces of Ukraine and the English-speaking countries: 1) precedent, 2) a sign by means of word games, 3) graphic, 4) ethnocultural, 5) figurative-symbolic, 6) epatage, 7) manipulative, 8) non-transparent sign. It was established that each name, including caterin’s names, reflects a variety of aspects of social relations and psychological representations: 1) personal expression of the owners of the institution and (or) developers of its design (which can be related and naming), 2) identification of authors of the title with that or other socio-cultural space; 3) orientation towards certain macro-regions (European cuisine, Asian cuisine), countries (Ukrainian, Spanish, Italian, Georgian cuisine) or subregion (dishes from different ethnographic regions of Ukraine);4) guidance on exclusivity in order to exert an unusual psychological impact on visitors; 5) the targeting of the institution, for example, its direction, first of all, on the youth or children’s category of visitors, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]