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Background: Stigmatization and trivialization of headache confront individuals with headache disorders, but the degree to which media may contribute is incompletely understood. Objective: The objective of this study was to quantify the frequency of disparaging metaphorical use of the words "headache" and "migraine" in articles and summaries of major publications. Methods: This longitudinal study analyzed a dataset of 1.3 million articles and summaries written by authors and editors of 38 major publications. Data cover written publications from 1998 up to 2017. The use of the words "headache" or "migraine" in articles and summaries by major publications was rated by two authors (P.Z. and A.V.) as either "metaphorical" or "medical" based on their contextual application. Pearson's chi‐squared test was applied to assess differences in the frequency of metaphorical use of "headache" in comparison to "migraine." Secondary outcomes were the source of publication and time of publication. Results: A total of 6195 and 740 articles included the words "headache" or "migraine," respectively; 7100 sentences contained the word "headache" and 1652 sentences contained the word "migraine." Among a random sample of 1000 sentences with the word "headache," there was a metaphorical use in 492 (49.2% [95% CI, 46.1–52.3]) sentences. Among a random sample of 1000 sentences with the word "migraine," there was a metaphorical use in 45 (4.5% [95% CI, 3.2–5.8]) sentences. The five most prevalent sources were CNN, Fox News, The New York Times, The Guardian, and The Washington Post. There was an overall increase in the number of articles containing the words "headache" or "migraine" from database inception until analysis (1998 up to 2017). The database included no articles containing either "headache" or "migraine" in 1998; in 2016, this number was 1480 articles. Conclusions: In this longitudinal study, major publications applied a metaphorical use of "headache" about half of the time. The metaphorical use of "headache" is 11‐fold greater than the metaphorical use of "migraine" in the same media sample. These depictions may contribute to the trivialization of headache and the stigmatization of individuals with headache disorders. Studies with individuals affected by headache disorders are needed to clarify potential influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the relationship between mental health and migraine outcomes in children and adolescents. Topics include the 2019 joint guidelines on the preventive treatment of migraine in this population, a prospective study questioning the association between anxiety/depression and migraine outcomes, and the limitations of previous literature in supporting clinical beliefs and guidelines.

The article highlights the annual Headache Basic Science Prize, which recognizes outstanding basic science research papers published in the journal Headache. The winners of the 2022 prize were Dr. Mason and colleagues for their paper on the role of prolactin signaling in stress-induced behavioral responses in a preclinical mouse model of migraine.

The article introduces the development and release of Common Data Elements (CDEs) for post-traumatic headache (PTH) by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), aiming to standardize data collection in PTH research. Topics include the significance of CDEs, the collaboration between the American Headache Society and NINDS in creating PTH-specific CDEs, and the availability of case report forms (CRFs) for characterizing headaches before and after traumatic brain injury.

The article reports on a study exploring the association between Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders/hypermobile type Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome (HSD/hEDS) and migraine in adolescents. The study reveals a significant positive association between HSD/hEDS and migraine in adolescents, emphasizing the need for further research to understand the underlying pathophysiology and develop specific treatment strategies tailored to individuals affected by both conditions.

The article presents the discussion on behavioral treatments working for migraine prevention. Topics include providing separate estimates for each dose and route of administration of each triptan; resulting from progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, behavioral management, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), biofeedback, mindfulness-based interventions, and hypnosis; and cognitive behavioral therapies leading to reductions in attacking frequency and disability.

The article offers information on various factors related to headaches and migraines, including lifestyle, diet, dietary triggers, caffeine, and sleep. It discusses the impact of diet and nutrition on headaches, the relationship between alcohol and migraines, the complex relationship between caffeine and headaches, and the potential benefits of dietary nutrients such as riboflavin, magnesium, thiamine, and coenzyme Q10.

The author reflects on the relationship between stress and migraine. Also cited are the post hoc longitudinal observational study on the link between stress and same-day peak head pain intensity in patients with chronic migraine, and the issues over the use of commercial mobile health applications (app) in interpreting study results conducted post hoc.

The article discusses the perceptions of the peer review process of the periodical. It discusses that theoretically dealing with the high-quality peer reviews of the same manuscript. It mentions the articles have been published about both topics and manuscripts including botulinum toxin for headache treatment and peripheral denervation procedures for headache.

An editorial is presented on the nationwide population-based survey to analyze the correlation between dietary intake of two essential substances, thiamine and riboflavin, and reduced burden of headache, likely migraine, in a large and diverse population. It outlines the limitations inherent in dietary review by recall, which include reduced accuracy compared to much more onerous observed or prescribed diet studies. An overview of the category of migraine is presented.

The article offers information on the social media can be used to promote awareness and attendance for scientific meetings, which has been demonstrated specifically in the headache field. It mentions many scientific and medical journals have established Twitter accounts, including Headache; and also mentions journals attempt to optimize their Tweets in order to increase visibility, readership, and journal submissions.

Unnecessary confusion still surrounds the use of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) in the setting of migraine with aura (MwA). Clearing this confusion is a key issue for headache specialists, since most women with migraine have menstrual-related migraine (MRM), and some CHCs can prevent this particularly severe migraine. Their use, however, is still restricted by current guidelines due to concerns of increased stroke risk - concerns that originated over half a century ago in the era of high dose contraceptives. Yet studies consistently show that stroke risk is not increased with today's very low dose CHCs containing 20-25 µg ethinyl estradiol (EE), and continuous ultra low-dose formulations (10-15 µg EE) may even reduce aura frequency, thereby potentially decreasing stroke risk. This article clarifies the stroke risk of CHCs and examines their impact on migraine. It also examines how stroke risk is altered by the estrogen content of the CHC, by contributing factors such as smoking, age and hypertension, and by aura frequency. And finally, it puts these risks into a meaningful context with a risk/benefit assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on the approach on understanding latitudinal differences in migraine epidemiology. It expresses the view that the philosophy of migraine affects the way individuals and the society respond to the condition at the same time. It notes flexibility, adaptability, analysis, expectations, decision making, and locus of control are all dependent on how the condition is viewed.

An editorial is presented on the current state of cluster headache genetics. The article discusses that the authors conduct a systematic review to identify cluster headache genetic studies between 2001 and 2020; and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) had to be investigated in at least two study populations, meaning every gene in the meta-analysis has been verified at least once.

The authors reflect on the significance of a study of the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in children and adolescents with migraine. Topics discussed include the recommendation of CBT with amitriptyline by the American Headache Society and American Academy of Neurology, factors that contribute to the reluctance patients and physicians to use CBT, and potential for CBT to be customized to individual patients.

The author reflects on the treatments for headache, including migraine, in the emergency department (ED). Other topics include how non-headache specialists in the ED should treat headache like screening for secondary headache, as well as the various factors affecting acute treatment of migraine like length of attack, severity of migraine, and the presence of other symptoms like allodynia.

The article offers information on manuscripts published in peer review journals, other than "Headache: The Journal of Head & Face Pain." One concerns a population-based study of migraine and cardiovascular disease. Another deals with sociodemographic and comorbidity profiles of chronic migraine and episodic migraine sufferers. Another one is about rates, predictors, and consequences of remission from chronic migraine to episodic migraine.

The article focuses on migraine is a plausible candidate for impacting the accident rate, as its cognitive, visual, and vestibular symptoms can all affect the ability to drive. It mentions the accident rate seems to double in migraine sufferers, but it is unclear to what extent this is due to the disease itself; and also mentions the degree of disability and stigma associated with migraine is ramped.

An editorial is presented that discussed about the development of the Pediatric Migraine Action Plan (PedMAP) which was first introduced in February 2018. It mentions the MAP's essential elements of a plan including a specific headache diagnosis, a preventive treatment plan, a home acute treatment strategy.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including acute treatment of migraine attacks, use of target calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) for migraine, and clinical trials of 5HT-1F receptor agonists.

An editorial is presented which argues against Symposium of the Headache Cooperative of the Pacific held in Ojai, California in January of 2020.

Nausea is a defining feature of episodic migraine. Migraine-associated nausea can cause patients to delay or avoid taking oral medication. In April 2011, a round table of headache specialists and a gastroenterologist was convened to explore unmet needs in the treatment of migraine vis-à-vis gastrointestinal signs and symptoms. This supplement summarizes the proceedings of that roundtable meeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses whether or not functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is effective in providing some information on the pathophysiology of migraine. A study by Schwedt and colleagues in the current issue attempts to provide a better understanding of brain mechanisms underlying chronic migraine. He suggests that restingstate functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) has been found to provide an exciting avenue for future research as it is entirely noninvasive.

The article discusses issue of headache contains several articles of significance. Topics include Gretchen Tietjen that encapsulates her work on stroke and migraine in women; these pearls suggest telehealth visits and give options for acute, "bridge" and preventive therapies which would not require in person implementation; and the first recipient of an important new award from the American Headache Society.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including dietary interventions for migraine; research on the influence of the gut microbiome on migraine; and the challenge of treating migraine in patients with comorbid vascular disease.

The article discusses the topics covered during the 2016 Scottsdale Headache Symposium. Topics covered include the discovery of the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide in migraine, the role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide-38 in migraine and cluster headache, and the rationale for the use of intranasal oxytocin in the treatment of migraine headache.

An introduction to a series of articles featured in the issue is presented which includes "Overview of Neuropeptides: Awakening the Senses," the role of the hypothalamic orexinergic system in primary headache disorders, and scientific evidence for monosynaptic connections between thalamic trigeminovascular neurons and axons that contain glutamate and melanin-concentrating hormone.

An editorial on the study "The Management of Adults With Acute Migraine in the Emergency Department (ED): The American Headache Society Evidence Assessment of Parenteral Pharmacotherapies" by researcher Friedman Orr and colleagues is presented. It is stated that theynaddressed two clinically relevant issues which injectable medications should be considered first-line treatment for patients and whether parenteral corticosteroids prevent recurrence of migraine in adults discharged from an ED.

The author comments on a study by doctors Barbara Nye and Thomas Ward on appropriate evaluation and management strategy for headache and the Choosing Wisely Campaign of the American Board of Internal Medicine and the American Headache Society, which aims to promote doctor-patient communication. Topics include the importance of taking a patient's headache history before treatment, the challenges in treating pregnant and pediatric patients and the risks of opiates and butalbital-containing drugs.

The author reflects on the things the headache specialists need to know regarding therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Topics discussed include the research studies which investigate the neurochemistry of migraine, role of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) in treatment of migraine, and migraine pain and inflammation theory.

The author discusses triptan usage in Canadian provinces. Topics discussed include use of triptans as a safe and effective method for acute migraine treatment, the effect of public drug coverage on pharmacoeconomics and triptan usage patterns, and the free health care services offered by physicians and hospitals in some provinces in the country.

The article focuses on two articles published in the periodical related to medication overuse headache (MOH) and chronic migraine (CM) and chronic daily headache (CDH). Author S.D. Silberstein mentions that CHD refers to headaches which are frequent for at least 3 months. Authors S.B. Munksgaard and R.H. Jensen discuss differences in American and Danes views about MOH. Silberstein reveals that headache is referred as syndrome by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)

The author reflects on the effect of butalbital in pregnant woman. She states that the drug is a prescribed together with acetaminophen or aspirin, and caffeine, for the treatment of migraine and tension-type of headaches. The author cites the need to study the potential risk of birth defects when taken during pregnancy.

The authors reflects on the potential relationship between migraine and dementia. They state that cognitive disturbance has been observed in all phases of a migraine attack. Migraine-related cognitive impairment is assumed to be secondary to reversible physiological disruptions. The pervasive nature of chronic migraine (CM) has already been suggested in the increased frequency of comorbidities associated with migraine chronification also, migraine has been considered a vascular disease.

The article discusses a report on the medications commonly used for rescue treatment of migraine headache in the emergency department (ED) or clinical setting, by Deborah Tepper, published within the issue. Tepper emphasized the need to tailor treatment to the individual needs of each patient. She also discussed the implications of the lack of an evidence-based hierarchy of management options for the management of migraine headache.

The author discusses his Lagniappe which addressed the use of onabotulinumtoxinA to suppress chronic migraine; and highlights that according to a reader he did not disclose any potential conflicts of interest in regards to the drug and its application. He informs that the journal's editor in chief is required annually to disclose any and all potential conflicts of interest, and onabotulinumtoxinA being a controversial therapy needs rigorous standard for disclosure.