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Since first proposed by O'Malley in 1972, the revolutionary vitrectomy has brought ophthalmic surgery into a new era, bringing hope to countless patients with vitreoretinal diseases. With the development of surgical techniques, increased safety and effectiveness, and expanded surgical indications, vitrectomy has become the most common surgical treatment for various posterior segment diseases. Though there is a trend of decreasing in postoperative complications, the occurrence and progression of cataract remains the most common complication after vitrectomy. As cataract would compromise the postoperative vision and fundus observation, cataract extraction surgery is always inevitable, which seriously increases the burden of patients. The pathogenesis of cataract is till inconclusive. There are currently many hypotheses including increased oxygen partial pressure around the lens, destruction of the vitreous structure, and phototoxicity. This article reviews the incidence, mechanism and influencing factors of cataract occurrence or progression after vitrectomy, aiming to provide more evidence for further investigation of pathogenesis, prevention and treatment for post-vitrectomy cataract.

AIM: To study the clinical effects and safety of iontophoresis of xueshuantong injection combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion(RVO)with macular edema(ME). METHODS: Totally 106 patients(106 eyes)with RVO and ME in the hospital between June 2017 and June 2019 were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method with 53 cases(53 eyes)in each group, and they were all given intravitreal injection of conbercept, and observation group was additionally given iontophoresis of Xueshuantong injection for intervention, and they were treated for 3mo. Both groups were followed up for 1a and given supplementary therapy according to the condition of the disease. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central retinal thickness(CRT)in macular area, supplementary therapy status, VEGF level in aqueous humor and adverse drug reactions were observed and compared between the two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, the BCVA of the two groups was significantly improved(P0.05).CONCLUSION: Xueshuantong iontophoresis combined with intravitreal injection of conbercept for RVO with ME can effectively inhibit the expression of VEGF, reduce the ME and improve the visual acuity of the affected eyes. The efficacy and safety are worthy of recognition.

AIM:To explore clinical characteristics, outcomes and prognostic factors for cases with intraocular foreign bodies(IFB)and treated with 25G minimally invasive vitrectomy(PPV).METHODS: Patients traumatized with retained IFB and treated with PPV were retrospectively collected from the Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from 2016-1-1 to 2019-1-1. The clinical records including general condition, time and cause of injury, locations andsize of IFBs, comorbidities, and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)were reviewed and statistical analyzed.RESULTS: Among the 105 patients, most of them are middle-aged and young men, mostly from townships. The nature of IFB was mainly metals(62 cases, 59.0%). The entrance of IFB of 78 cases(74.3%)located at Zone I of the eye. There were 17 patients with BCVA≥0.1 before surgery, 88 patients with BCVAPCONCLUSION: PPV for treatment of IFB can achieve a better outcome. The poor prognosis of visual acuity is related to retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, and the position and size of IFB.

Regarded as a complex biological process, lens development involves a range of signal molecules and their crosstalk networks. Recently,the role of planar cell polarity(PCP)signaling pathway in lens development has attracted increasing attention. It has been reported that PCP is critical for lens morphology and transparency maintaining. The studies performed on PCP serve to provide guidelines on how to optimize the morphology of regenerated lens. This is thought as presenting an effective therapy for infant cataract from a clinical perspective. This article will give a comprehensive review of the role of PCP signaling pathways in the lens development.

The adhesion of capsule and intraocular lens(IOL)is a common phenomenon after cataract surgery. At present, there are increasing researches on the adhesion between the capsule and IOL at home and abroad. In this paper, we will review the adhesion process between the capsule and IOL, morphology, related factors that affect the adhesion, and its influence on the visual quality.

Current formulas tend to select intraocular lens with insufficient power for these patients, resulting in postoperative hyperopia. In addition to the traditional methods to address this problem such as reserving a myopic power in the power calculation, several more accurate and effective solutions have been suggested, including adjusting the axial lengths, using new formulas, and applying intraoperative refractive biometry. This paper will focus on the postoperative refractive error in highly myopic eyes after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation and illustrate the progress of existing solutions.

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy( AION )is the most common acute optic neuropathy in people over 50 years old, which often causes unilateral acute painless visual loss. Non-arteritis anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)is the most common type and one of the main causes of blindness or severe visual impairment in the middle-aged and elderly. But at present, because of insufficient understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease, there is still no effective treatment method in clinic. Therefore, it is very important to find a standard and effective treatment method in order to control the disease development and reduce blindness.

AIM:To investigate the operation opportunity and therapeutic effect of intermittent exotropia. METHODS: A prospective study of 139 patients with intermittent exotropia admitted to our hospital from May 2014 to December 2016 was conducted. Patients were divided into three groups according to their ages: Group A with 58 cases aged between 3 and 7 years old, Group B with 41 cases aged from 8 to 12 years old and Group C with 40 cases aged more than 12 years old. The therapeutic effect of each group was observed. RESULTS: The postoperative orthographic rate between the three groups at 3d, 1, 3 and 6mo postoperatively had statistical differences(PPPPPP>0.05), while the degree of strabismus in each group after 6mo was significantly different(P△ in Group A was higher than the other two groups(PPPP>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of ocular regression rate in three groups during the 6mo follow-up(PPPCONCLUSION: The surgical type of the intermittent exotropia should be based on the classification of strabismus, which can promote postoperative recovery of the eye position and visual function, improve visual acuity, and then avoid ocular regresses.

The implantation of posterior chamber phackic intraocular lens(PCPIOL)has been widely carried out worldwide, and its safety and efficacy have been well recognized. How to accurately choose the length of implantable collamer lens(ICL)in order to obtain the ideal vault and reduce postoperative complications, has been a research hotspot. This paper reviews related reports on the relationship between the length of ICL and its postoperative vault.

The fluctuation of anterior chamber depth(ACD)is one of the main causes of refractive shift after cataract surgery. Currently, there are numerous studies on the changes of ACD after cataract surgery worldwide. This article reviews the trend of the change of ACD after cataract surgery, and the influence factors and accompanying refractive shift.

Posterior capsular opacification(PCO)is the most common complication that leads to loss of vision after cataract surgery. Neodymium doped: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet(Nd:Yag)laser capsulotomy is a common treatment for PCO, but still associated with several complications. In the past decades, the prevention and treatment of PCO have always been a hot spot of research in ophthalmology. This review will address the advances in the prevention and treatment of PCO in the aspects of surgical techniques and types of intraocular lens(IOL).

AIM: To construct the recombined pLenti-CMV-PEDF-EYFP vector to be infected into human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hUCMSCs), and then to identify the PEDF expression in hUCMSCs and the cell viability of hUCMSCs after infection with the recombined lentivirus. METHODS: The recombinant pLenti-CMV-PEDF-EYFP vector was constructed with pLenti-CMV-hChR2-EYFP and PEDF gene, and then infected into hUCMSCs to obtain the PEDF-hUCMSCs. The expression of PEDF in hUCMSCs was identified by confocal microscopy and ELISA. The Cell Counting Kit(CCK8)was used to assess the cell viability of PEDF-hUCMSCs. The influences of pLenti-CMV-PEDF-EYFP infection on the passage and phenotypes of hUCMSCs were assessed by microscope and flow cytometry. RESULTS: The recombinant pLenti-CMV-PEDF-EYFP was successfully constructed and efficiently infected into hUCMSCs. The expression of PEDF was positively detected in the PEDF-hUCMSCs. No significant difference was observed on cell viability between PEDF-modified hUCMSCs and hUCMSCs(P>0.05). The infection of pLenti-CMV-PEDF-EYFP had no obvious influences on the proliferation, morphology and phenotypes of hUCMSCs. CONCLUSION: PEDF was expressed effectively in the hUCMSCs modified with the recombinant lentivirus. The preliminary results from this study provide more evidences for further study of using PEDF-hUCMSCs to treat retinitis pigmentosa.

Increasing incidence of diabetes, diet restructuring with excessive intake of high-calorie foods closely related with this. Currently diabetes prevalence rate increased from 7% in 2003 to 14% in 2010. Diabetes can cause a variety of eye diseases, such as corneal ulcers, glaucoma, vitreous hemorrhage and so on. Diabetic retinopathy and cataract are the most common and greater impact on patients. At present, study for diabetic retinopathy(DR)is wider than diabetes optic neuropathy(DON). Clinical manifestations of DON are not specific, but DON occurred extensively, also contributed to an important cause of blindness.In this paper, we collected a variety of inspection and early diagnosis methods, try to achieve early detection, interventional therapy and good treatment for this disease. Here to make a presentation on the various types of inspection methods.