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Type 2 diabetes mellitus has a worldwide prevalence of 10.5% in the adult population (20–79 years), and by 2045, the prevalence is expected to keep rising to one in eight adults living with diabetes. Mild cognitive impairment has a global prevalence of 19.7% in adults aged 50 years. Both conditions have shown a concerning increase in prevalence rates over the past 10 years, highlighting a growing public health challenge. Future forecasts indicate that the prevalence of dementia (no estimations done for individuals with mild cognitive impairment) is expected to nearly triple by 2050. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment, and such impairment increase the likelihood of poor glycemic/metabolic control. High phytate intake has been shown to be a protective factor against the development of cognitive impairment in observational studies. Diary phytate intake might reduce the micro- and macrovascular complications of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through different mechanisms. We describe the protocol of the first trial (the PHYND trial) that evaluate the effect of daily phytate supplementation over 56 weeks with a two-arm double-blind placebo-controlled study on the progression of mild cognitive impairment, cerebral iron deposition, and retinal involvement in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our hypothesis proposes that phytate, by inhibiting advanced glycation end product formation and chelating transition metals, will improve cognitive function and attenuate the progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to dementia in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild cognitive impairment. Additionally, we predict that phytate will reduce iron accumulation in the central nervous system, mitigate neurodegenerative changes in both the central nervous system and retina, and induce alterations in biochemical markers associated with neurodegeneration.

Vitamin D deficiency can lead to musculoskeletal diseases such as rickets and osteomalacia, but vitamin D supplementation may also prevent extraskeletal diseases such as respiratory tract infections, asthma exacerbations, pregnancy complications and premature deaths. Vitamin D has a unique metabolism as it is mainly obtained through synthesis in the skin under the influence of sunlight (i.e., ultraviolet-B radiation) whereas intake by nutrition traditionally plays a relatively minor role. Dietary guidelines for vitamin D are based on a consensus that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations are used to assess vitamin D status, with the recommended target concentrations ranging from ≥25 to ≥50 nmol/L (≥10–≥20 ng/mL), corresponding to a daily vitamin D intake of 10 to 20 μg (400–800 international units). Most populations fail to meet these recommended dietary vitamin D requirements. In Europe, 25(OH)D concentrations

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has a worldwide prevalence of 10.5% in the adult population (20-79 years), and by 2045, the prevalence is expected to keep rising to one in eight adults living with diabetes. Mild cognitive impairment has a global prevalence of 19.7% in adults aged 50 years. Both conditions have shown a concerning increase in prevalence rates over the past 10 years, highlighting a growing public health challenge. Future forecasts indicate that the prevalence of dementia (no estimations done for individuals with mild cognitive impairment) is expected to nearly triple by 2050. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment, and such impairment increase the likelihood of poor glycemic/metabolic control. High phytate intake has been shown to be a protective factor against the development of cognitive impairment in observational studies. Diary phytate intake might reduce the micro- and macrovascular complications of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through different mechanisms. We describe the protocol of the first trial (the PHYND trial) that evaluate the effect of daily phytate supplementation over 56 weeks with a two-arm double-blind placebo-controlled study on the progression of mild cognitive impairment, cerebral iron deposition, and retinal involvement in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our hypothesis proposes that phytate, by inhibiting advanced glycation end product formation and chelating transition metals, will improve cognitive function and attenuate the progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to dementia in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild cognitive impairment. Additionally, we predict that phytate will reduce iron accumulation in the central nervous system, mitigate neurodegenerative changes in both the central nervous system and retina, and induce alterations in biochemical markers associated with neurodegeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the interplay between the endocrine and immune systems in metabolic diseases. It highlights the association between metabolic diseases and immune system dysfunctions, particularly chronic inflammation. The article includes research papers on the role of immune cells in thyroid diseases and diabetes, as well as clinical research on the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor cancer therapy in patients with preexisting type 1 diabetes mellitus. The review paper discusses how parasitic worms prevent diabetes by influencing macrophage and b-cell crosstalk. Overall, the article provides insights into the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and potential therapeutic approaches. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Osteocalcin has attracted attention for its potential role in diabetes management. However, there has been no bibliometric assessment of scientific progress in this field. Methods: We analysed 1680 articles retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) between 1 January 1986 and 10 May 2024 using various online tools. Result: These papers accumulated 42,714 citations,with an average of 25.43 citations per paper. Publication output increased sharply from 1991 onwards. The United States and China are at the forefront of this research area. Discussion: The keywords were grouped into four clusters: 'Differential and functional osteocalcin genes', 'Differential expression of osteocalcin genes in relation to diabetes mellitus', 'Role of osteocalcin in the assessment of osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus', and 'Indirect involvement of osteocalcin in metabolic processes'. Analysis using the VoS viewer suggests a shift in research focus towards the correlation between osteocalcin levels and diabetic complications, the clinical efficacy of therapeutic agents or vitamins in the treatment of osteoporosis in diabetic patients, and the mechanisms by which osteocalcin modulates insulin action. The proposed focus areas are "osteocalcin genes", "insulin regulation and osteoporosis ", "different populations", "diabetes-related complications" and "type 2 diabetes mellitus","effect of osteocalcin expression on insulin sensitivity as well as secretion","osteocalcin expression in different populations of diabetic patients and treatment-related studies". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editorial in "Frontiers in Endocrinology" focuses on the research topic of chronic stress, telomeres, and aging, with contributions from guest editors from Greece, the UK, and the USA. The research papers cover diverse content, including the association between telomere length and erectile dysfunction, telomere shortening in adrenal cells during prolonged critical illness, and the impact of social behavior on telomere dynamics and lifespan in female Japanese Quail. Additionally, studies explore the role of inflammation in age-related conditions such as late-onset hypogonadism and sarcopenia, providing insights into potential therapeutic interventions. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face unique challenges in glycaemic control due to the complexity and uniqueness of the dietary structure in China, especially in terms of postprandial glycaemic response (PPGR). This study aimed to establish a personalized model for predicting PPGR in patients with T1D. Materials and methods: Data provided by the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 13 patients with T1D, were recruited and provided with an intervention for at least two weeks. All patients were asked to wear a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device under free-living conditions during the study period. To tackle the challenge of incomplete data from wearable devices for CGM measurements, the GAIN method was used in this paper to achieve a more rational interpolation process. In this study, patients' PPGRs were calculated, and a LightGBM prediction model was constructed based on a Bayesian hyperparameter optimisation algorithm and a random search algorithm, which integrated glucose measurement, insulin dose, dietary nutrient content, blood measurement and anthropometry as inputs. Results: The experimental outcomes revealed that the PPGR prediction model presented in this paper demonstrated superior accuracy (R=0.63) compared to both the carbohydrate content only model (R=0.14) and the baseline model emulating the standard of care for insulin administration (R=0.43). In addition, the interpretation of the model using the SHAP method showed that blood glucose levels at meals and blood glucose trends 30 minutes before meals were the most important features of the model. Conclusion: The proposed model offers a heightened precision in predicting PPGR in patients with T1D, so it can better guide the diet plan and insulin intake dose of patients with T1D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aging has been implicated in many chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by longterm irritation of the periodontal tissues by the plaque biofilm on the surface of the teeth. However, only a few bibliometric analyses have systematically studied this field to date. This work sought to visualize research hot spots and trends in aging associated with periodontitis from 2002 to 2023 through bibliometric approaches. Methods: Graphpad prism v8.0.2 was used to analyse and plot annual papers, national publication trends and national publication heat maps. In addition, CtieSpace (6.1.6R (64-bit) Advanced Edition) and VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) were used to analyse these data and visualize the scientific knowledge graph. Results: The number of documents related to aging associated with periodontitis has steadily increased over 21 years. With six of the top ten institutions in terms of publications coming from the US, the US is a major driver of research in this area. journal of periodontology is the most published journal in the field. Tonetti MS is the most prolific authors and co-cited authors in the field. Journal of Periodontology and Journal of Clinical Periodontology are the most popular journals in the field with the largest literature. Periodontitis, Alzheimer's disease, and peri-implantitis are current hot topics and trends in the field. Inflammation, biomarkers, oxidative stress cytokines are current research hotspots in this field. Conclusion: Our research found that global publications regarding research on aging associated with periodontitis increased dramatically and were expected to continue increasing. Inflammation and aging, and the relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases, are topics worthy of attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial published in Frontiers in Endocrinology titled "Endocrine disrupting chemicals in reproductive health, fertility, and early development." The editorial discusses the impact of environmental chemical exposure, specifically endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), on reproductive disorders in both men and women. It highlights the need for a better understanding of how EDCs disrupt reproductive development and contribute to disease. The editorial also presents four research papers that explore the effects of EDCs on testicular toxicity, granulosa cell apoptosis, Sertoli cell function, and reproductive outcomes in in vitro fertilization. These papers demonstrate the complex nature of EDCs and their interactions with biological systems, emphasizing the importance of further research in this field. [Extracted from the article]

In recent years, with the rapid development of omics technologies, researchers have shown that interactions between the intestinal flora and bile acids are closely related to the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). By regulating bile acid metabolism and receptor expression, the intestinal flora affects host metabolism, impacts the immune system, and exacerbates kidney injury in DKD patients. To explore interactions among the gut flora, bile acids and DKD, as well as the related mechanisms, in depth, in this paper, we review the existing literature on correlations among the gut flora, bile acids and DKD. This review also summarizes the efficacy of bile acids and their receptors as well as traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of DKD and highlights the unique advantages of bile acid receptors in DKD treatment. This paper is expected to reveal a new and important potential strategy for the clinical treatment of DKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the significant role of epigenetics in women's reproductive health, focusing on the impact of environmental factors. It highlights the crucial link between epigenetic modifications--such as DNA methylation and histones post-translational modifications--and reproductive health issues, including infertility and pregnancy complications. The paper reviews the influence of pollutants like PM2.5, heavy metals, and endocrine disruptors on gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, emphasizing the need for understanding how dietary, lifestyle choices, and exposure to chemicals affect gene expression and reproductive health. Future research directions include deeper investigation into epigenetics in female reproductive health and leveraging gene editing to mitigate epigenetic changes for improving IVF success rates and managing reproductive disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Adherence to therapeutic footwear is vital for effective diabetic foot ulcer prevention and treatment. Understanding the key adherence factors and potential barriers is important for footwear design and implementation. Our team is creating intelligent offloading footwear to prevent lower extremity amputations in people living with diabetes (PLwD). This exploratory study assessed the ability of the established Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to predict behavioral intention to use or recommend this intelligent offloading footwear by PLwD, caregivers of PLwD, or medical professionals treating PLwD. Methods: Online and paper questionnaires were implemented to assess the impact of the UTAUT model factors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions) and psychosocial factors (attitude, anxiety, self-efficacy) on the overall behavioral intention to use the footwear. Furthermore, factors influencing potential acceptance and rejection of the footwear were explored. Results: Patients (4.0/5) and medical professionals (4.1/5) showed a behavioral intention to "agree" to use or recommend the footwear when it becomes available. Structural equation modeling showed that the UTAUT constructed model may not be the best indicator for behavioral intention here based on a lack of statistical significance. However, the logistic regression modeling showed that the social influence for PLwD (p=0.004) and the attitude toward the footwear for medical professionals (p=0.001) may be the most important when designing and implementing the footwear, though several other factors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and self-efficacy) were also important for one or both of these populations. Additionally, cost and clinician support were shown to be important factors influencing potential acceptance of the footwear. Conclusions: The study found promising intention to use the intelligent footwear in the future. This highlights the need to continue future development and implementation of the footwear to incorporate these results, thus improving the likelihood of high adherence of the footwear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D, often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin," is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in bone health and has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among pregnant and pre-pregnancy women, which increases the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a common complication during pregnancy. Recent studies have explored various aspects of the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and GDM, including the mechanisms by which vitamin D affects glucose metabolism, the role of the vitamin D receptor gene, and the impact of routine vitamin D supplementation before and during pregnancy. This paper will review the current research progress in these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disease, usually with onset during childhood, characterized by elevated blood LDL cholesterol levels and potentially associated with severe cardiovascular complications. Concerning mutated genes in FH, such as LDLR , a small subset of FH patients presents a homozygous genotype, resulting in homozygous FH (HoFH) disease with a generally aggressive phenotype. Besides statins, ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors, lomitapide (an anti-ApoB therapy) was also approved in 2012–2013 as an adjunctive treatment for HoFH. Despite its clinical efficacy, lomitapide administration should be done with caution because of the possible occurrence of side effects, such as hepatosteatosis, increased blood transaminase levels and gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as the possible deleterious interactions with other drugs. In this context, we decided to report the main available evidence on the management and monitoring of HoFH patients treated with lomitapide and to accompany this literature review with a description of our clinical experience with a subset of six HoFH patients. In conclusion, this paper aims to address an important topic for HoFH-related clinical practice that, to our knowledge, is not yet formally regulated by proper national and/or international guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim is to provide new insights for researchers studying the pathogenesis of diabetic cognitive dysfunction and promoting the wider use of natural products in their treatment. Method: First, the Web of Science Core Collection was selected as the data source for a computerized literature search on oxidative stress and diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD). Next, Biblimetrix and VOSviewer performed statistical analysis focusing on publication countries, institutions, authors, research hotspots, and emerging directions in the field. Then, through the analysis of keywords and key articles, the forefront of the field is identified. Finally, we discussed the pathogenesis of DCD, the influence of oxidative stress on DCD and the antioxidant effect of natural products on DCD. Result: 293 valid papers were obtained. Bibliometrics showed that oxidative stress, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognitive decline, insulin resistance and quercetin were the key words of the symbiotic network. Conclusion: The antioxidant effects of natural products in improving DCD have been extensively studied in preclinical studies, providing potential for their treatment in DCD, but their evaluation in clinical trials is currently uncommon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyroid diseases are increasingly prevalent, posing significant challenges to patients' quality of life and placing substantial financial burdens on families and society. Despite these impacts, the underlying pathophysiology of many thyroid conditions remains poorly understood, complicating efforts in treatment, management, and prevention. Observational studies can identify associations between exposure variables and disease; however, they often struggle to account for confounding factors and reverse causation. Understanding disease occurrence, epidemiological trends, and clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment relies heavily on robust etiological research. Mendelian randomization, a method grounded in genetics and epidemiology, has been widely employed in studying the etiology of thyroid diseases, offering a solution to some of these challenges. This paper categorizes thyroid diseases into thyroid dysfunction and thyroid cancer, reviewing related Mendelian randomization studies. It further provides novel perspectives and approaches for investigating the mechanisms underlying thyroid diseases and designing intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Infertility is affecting more and more couples of appropriate age. Hysteroscopy (HSC) has certain effects on the uncompleted pregnancy and live birth caused by uterine microenvironment. Based on the evidence, this paper systematically evaluates the effectiveness and safety of HSC intervention on the fertility outcome of female infertility. Methods: Randomised controlled trials (RCTS) of hysteroscopy intervention in female infertility were included in the literature database. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to December 10, 2022. RevMan 5.4 software was used for statistical analysis to study the effects of HSC on clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate and abortion rate. Results: A total of 14 RCTS were included. Five studies evaluated the effect of HSC on live birth rate, and HSC had an overall positive effect on live birth rate. Fourteen studies evaluated the effect of HSC on clinical pregnancy rates, and preoperative HSC was associated with significant improvements in pregnancy rates for both first-time IVF/ICSI patients and repeat IVF/ICSI patients. Eight studies showed no significant difference in the effect of HSC on miscarriage rates. Conclusion: As a visual examination/treatment technique, HSC can improve the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in most studies, while the risk of abortion is within the acceptable range, and can be used as a recommended examination method for infertile women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes has emerged as the foremost public health challenge of the 21st century, with a notable shift towards managing it through an inflammatory lens. This study seeks to investigate the role of NLRP3 infalmmasome in diabetes over the past ten years, leveraging bibliometric analysis to pinpoint prevailing trends, underscore critical focal points, and establish a roadmap for subsequent research endeavors. Method: A literature search was conducted based on the SCI-E database, and all recorded results were downloaded in plain text format for subsequent analysis. The analysis was carried out using Vosviewer1.6.18, citespace6.3R1, and Microsoft Excel 2021 software, focusing on the following terms: country, institution, author, journal, references, and keywords. Results: From January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023, a total of 1373 articles were retrieved, with China, the United States, and Italy contributing the majority of records. Harbin Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, and Central South University stand as the top three most productive institutions. "International Journal of Molecular Sciences" leads the way with the highest number of publications, closely followed by "Frontiers in Immunology" and "Frontiers in Pharmacology." Authors Wang Wei boast the most publications, closely followed by Li Xiang and Wang Yan. Within the superimposed keyword network, four primary clusters emerge: (1) exploring the link between NLRP3 infalmmasome and inflammatory diseases like diabetes; (2) investigating the cellular-level pathogenesis of diabetes-related conditions; (3) examining diabetes characteristics and associated suppression techniques; (4) studying cell morphology alterations, including pyroptosis. Over the past five years, key topics in this field have revolved around the "heart", "damage", "caspase 1 activation", "NLRP3", and "diabetic kidney disease". Conclusion: This paper has identified the hot spots and trends concerning the role of NLRP3 infalmmasome in diabetes, thereby providing a valuable reference for future research. Furthermore, it is anticipated that pyroptosis and diabetes-related diseases will become frontier research topics that may garner significant attention in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by over 5% hepatic fat accumulation without secondary causes. The prevalence of NAFLD has escalated in recent years due to shifts in dietary patterns and socioeconomic status, making it the most prevalent chronic liver disease and a significant public health concern globally. Serum uric acid (SUA) serves as the end product of purine metabolism in the body and is intricately linked to metabolic syndrome. Elevated SUA levels have been identified as an independent risk factor for the incidence and progression of NAFLD. This paper reviews the relationship between SUA and NAFLD, the underlying mechanisms of SUA involved in NAFLD, and the potential benefits of SUA-lowering therapy in treating NAFLD. The aim is to raise awareness of SUA management in patients with NAFLD, and to encourage further investigation into pharmacological interventions in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in Pakistan is a challenge to the existing healthcare system. This is the first comprehensive review of the status of glycemic control, diabetes knowledge, treatment adherence, complications and financial burden faced by the diabetic patient population of the country. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus for studies on diabetes control, knowledge, treatment adherence, prevalence of complications and cost in Pakistan published in English from 2000 to 2024. We hand-searched Google Scholar for additional papers and included a total of 45 studies in our review. Results: The review shows that poor glycemic control prevails among diabetic patients ranging from 44.7% to 86.4% along with half of the patients have poor diabetes knowledge (46.0% -70.0%). Treatment adherence level in diabetic patients varies widely in different studies, frequently reported complications are retinopathy (14.5%-43.0%), nephropathy (14.0%-31.0%) and neuropathy (10.8%-59.6%); and the disease poses a great deal of economic burden. Conclusion: Most of the studies were observational. Glycemic control and knowledge among individuals with T2DM in Pakistan are inadequate, leading to a high prevalence of complications that impose significant health and economic burdens. Further longitudinal studies generating evidence of lifestyle modifications as primary and secondary prevention strategies against diabetes in the Pakistani population can form a strong foundation for awareness campaigns and policy revisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estrogen is a necessary sex steroid and potent neuroprotective hormone. It plays a multifaceted role beyond the reproductive system, extending its influence to the brain, skeletal muscle, and other organs. Estrogen's role in cognition, mood, autonomic regulation, and neuroprotection involves interactions with neurotransmitters, neuromodulators in a distributed manner. Notably, the impact of estrogen on mitochondrial metabolism in skeletal muscle is particularly significant due to a unique modulated bioenergetic profiles, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal health. The deficiency of estrogen in menopause has been linked to changes in brain structure, connectivity, energy metabolism. Therewith, these are crucial factors in cognitive function and the risk of Alzheimer's diseases. Besides, it leads to endocrine and metabolic dysfunction, resulting in osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, and a tendency toward decreased muscle mass and strength. Estrogen's influence on mitochondrial function is particularly relevant to aging, as it affects the production of ATP and the overall metabolic health of the brain. Estrogen decline in women skeletal muscle mass is usually related to sarcopenia, a prevalent disease observed in vulnerable elderly individuals. Therefore, estrogen is considered to play a crucial role in skeletal muscle homeostasis and motor ability, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. This paper reviews the literature on the impact of estrogen on postmenopausal skeletal muscle diseases and the underlying molecular mechanisms, especially in terms of mitochondrial metabolism. In summary, estrogen plays an important role in the health of skeletal muscle in postmenopausal women, and its impact on mitochondrial function and homeostasis offers potential targets for the development of new strategies to treat sarcopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgound: T2DM, a chronic metabolic disorder, poses a significant threat to global public health. Mitochondria play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. This study intends to investigate the correlation between mitochondria and T2DM over the past two decades (2003-2023) through bibliometric analysis. Its objectives are to pinpoint trends, emphasize research priorities, and establish a foundation for future investigations. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the SCI-E database. All recorded results were downloaded in plain text format for further analysis. The following terms were analyzed using Vosviewer 1.6.18, citespace 6.3r1, bibliometrix in RStudio (v.4.4.1), and Microsoft Excel 2021: country, institution, author, journal, references, and keywords. Results: From January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2023, a total of 2,732 articles were retrieved. The United States, China, and Italy contributed most of the records. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SYSTEM, INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICAL INSERM, and US DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS were the top 3 most productive institutions. rocha milagros, victor victor m had the most publications, followed by roden michael, and petersen kf had the most citations together. DIABETES published the most articles on research on this topic, followed by AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM, DIABETOLOGIA. The key points of this topic are the relationship between mitochondria and T2DM, the skeletal muscle mitochondrial changes observed in T2DM, and the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on T2DM. Over the past five years, particle dynamics, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mechanism research have emerged as significant focal points in this field. Conclude: This paper successfully identified the key areas and emerging trends in the relationship between mitochondria and T2DM, thereby offering valuable insights for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a gastrointestinal condition characterized by abnormal colonization of bacteria in the small intestine, leading to overgrowth and alteration, which is linked to gastrointestinal issues, potentially affecting neurological and mental health. Despite existing research, we still do not understand how SIBO affects tryptophan metabolism and psychiatric diseases. We investigated the literature for connections between SIBO, tryptophan metabolism disruptions, and psychiatric disorders like autism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases. We also explored the interaction between thyroid disorders and their influence on SIBO and psychiatric illnesses. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using keywords and phrases, individual and in combinations, like "SIBO," "gut microbiota," "neurologic disorders," "mental disorders," "tryptophan," "dopamine," and "thyroid disease." We focused on original research and review papers that presented empirical studies conducted on animal models and human subjects published in English between February 1992 to February 2023. The initial 2 634 534 records were preliminary screened based on title and abstract and then subjected to full-text review to exclude publications with insufficient data on SIBO, lack of a psychiatric disorder component, or methodological limitations compromising the integrity of the findings. The analysis highlights the significance of the association between psychiatric disorders and SIBO, emphasizing the role of gut-microbial diversity in mental health. We advocate for more detailed studies, including longitudinal research, to clarify the causal relationships between SIBO, gut dysbiosis, and psychiatric disorders and for an integrated approach while treating complex psychiatric conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been at the core of the confirmed risk factors for fatal or critical care unittreated COVID-19 and COVID-19 related complications. Although relevant studies on DM have developed rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the aforementioned research results have not been systematically quantified by means of bibliometric analysis. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current status and trends of publications related to DM research during the COVID19 epidemic. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed using the Web of Science database. In this study, we used citespace, R software and R-Bibliometrix to analyze keywords, most-cited authors, most-cited countries, most-cited global documents, and co-occurrence and co-citation networks. Results: A total of 1688 publications was included in this study. Investigators from the United States contributed the most publications. The United States, China and Europe have the most collaboration with the other countries/regions. A total of 3355 institutions made contributions to this study. Of the top 10 institutions with the most publications, N8 Research Partnership showed the most centrality. Among the top 10 journals, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice published the most articles. Among authors included, Khunti Kamlesh is rated first with 27 papers and has the highest centrality. The most frequently co-cited article is entitled "Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study". The most popular keywords included diabetes, mortality, diabetes, outcome, occurrences, risk, and type 1 diabetes. Conclusion: This bibliometric study provides an overall picture of DM research and research trends during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides a basis for researchers to develop their next research strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide. The treatment of PTC has attracted extensive attention and discussion from the public and scholars. However, no article has systematically assessed the related literature. Therefore, we conducted a bibliometric and knowledge map analysis to reveal the dynamic scientific developments in the PTC therapy field. Methods: We retrieved publications related to PTC therapy from the Web of Scientific Core Collection (WoSCC) on May 1, 2023. The bibliometric package in R software, VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to analyze countries/ regions, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords. Then, we systematized and summarized the research landscape, global trends and hot topics of research. Results: This bibliometric analysis spanned from 2012 to 2022 and involved 18,501 authors affiliated with 3,426 institutions across 87 countries/regions, resulting in the publication of 3,954 papers in 860 academic journals. Notably, the number of publications and citations related to PTC therapy research has exhibited a steady increase over the past decade. China and the United States have emerged as leading contributors in terms of publication count, with the United States also being the most cited country. Furthermore, among the top 10 institutions with the highest number of published papers, half were located in China. Among the journals, Thyroid is ranked first in terms of total publications and citations. The most productive individual author was Miyauchi Akira. While previous research primarily focused on surgery and radioactive iodine therapy, the increasing emphasis on health awareness and advancements in medical technology have led to the emergence of active surveillance, thermal ablation, and genomic analysis as prominent areas of research. Conclusion: In conclusion, this comprehensive and quantitative bibliometric analysis elucidates the research trends and hotspots within PTC therapy, drawing rom a substantial body of publications. This study provides valuable insights into the historical and current landscape of PTC therapy research while also offering guidance for future research directions. This study serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking new avenues of exploration in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinicians seeking guidance for evaluating and managing thyroid nodules currently have several resources. The principal ones are narrative clinical guidelines and clinical risk calculators. This paper will review the strengths and weaknesses of both. The paper will introduce a concept of computer interpretable guideline, a novel way of transforming narrative guidelines in to a clinical decision support tool that can provide patient specific recommendations at the point of care. The paper then describes an experience of developing an interactive web based computer interpretable guideline for thyroid nodule management, called Thyroid Nodule Management App (TNAPP). The advantages of this approach and the potential barriers for widespread adaptation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oxidative stress (OS) is considered one of the major factors affecting male fertility, and research in this field has seen constant growth year by year. Currently, around 700 relevant papers are published each year, with a trend of further growth. Therefore, this study systematically summarizes the literature published in the last decade from a bibliometric perspective, revealing the dynamic development of the field, identifying research hotspots, analyzing future trends, and providing reference for further research. Methods: Relevant literature on oxidative stress and male fertility was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, covering the timespan from 2014 to 2023 and including two types, articles and reviews. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used for bibliometric analysis, including cluster analysis, co-occurrence analysis, co-citation analysis, and burst analysis of countries/regions, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords. Results: This paper studied a total of 5,301 papers involving 107 countries/regions, with China having the highest number of publications (898 papers) and the United States having the highest centrality (0.62). Burst analysis of journal citations revealed the emergence of many new journals (e.g., Antioxidants-Basel, Front Endocrinol) after 2021, indicating continuous expansion and development in this field. Cluster analysis of co-cited references and cooccurring keywords divided the research into areas such as oxidative stress and male infertility, oxidative stress level detection, and antioxidants. The keywords associated with research hotspots shifted from oxidative stress detection, sperm DNA damage, apoptosis, and redox potential to DNA methylation, embryonic development, infection, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants. Conclusion: Bibliometric methods provide an intuitive reflection of the development process in the field of oxidative stress and male fertility, as well as the analysis of research hotspots in different periods. Research on oxidative stress and embryonic development, as well as antioxidant health management, may become hotspots in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review examines the complexities of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), focusing on the critical role of integrating omics technologies with traditional experimental methods. It underscores the advancements in understanding the genetic diversity of T2DM and emphasizes the evolution towards personalized treatment modalities. The paper analyzes a variety of omics approaches, including genomics, methylation, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and intestinal microbiomics, delineating their substantial contributions to deciphering the multifaceted mechanisms underlying T2DM. Furthermore, the review highlights the indispensable role of non-omics experimental techniques in comprehending and managing T2DM, advocating for their integration in the development of tailored medicine and precision treatment strategies. By identifying existing research gaps and suggesting future research trajectories, the review underscores the necessity for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach. This approach synergistically combines clinical insights with cuttingedge biotechnologies, aiming to refine the management and therapeutic interventions of T2DM, and ultimately enhancing patient outcomes. This synthesis of knowledge and methodologies paves the way for innovative advancements in T2DM research, fostering a deeper understanding and more effective treatment of this complex condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioma is a type of brain tumor closely related to abnormal cell metabolism. Firstly, multiple combinatorial sequencing studies have revealed this relationship. Genomic studies have identified gene mutations and gene expression disorders related to the development of gliomas, which affect cell metabolic pathways. In addition, transcriptome studies have revealed the genes and regulatory networks that regulate cell metabolism in glioma tissues. Metabonomics studies have shown that the metabolic pathway of glioma cells has changed, indicating their distinct energy and nutritional requirements. This paper focuses on the retrospective analysis of multiple groups combined with sequencing to analyze the changes in various metabolites during metabolism in patients with glioma. Finally, the changes in genes, regulatory networks, and metabolic pathways regulating cell metabolism in patients with glioma under different metabolic conditions were discussed. It is also proposed that multi-group metabolic analysis is expected to better understand the mechanism of abnormal metabolism of gliomas and provide more personalized methods and guidance for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation of gliomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital innovations provide novel opportunities to individualize a person's care to best match their lifestyle needs and circumstances and to support them as they live their daily lives with diabetes. These innovations also serve to provide actionable data and insights for the care team giving them a "Webb telescopelike" view into their individual self-management journey, allowing them to see what cannot be seen during infrequent and limited office visits, thereby facilitating collaboration and communication to optimize the care plan on a timely basis. Technology advances are enabling diabetes care to transition from episodic, synchronous, primarily in-person care to include synchronous virtual care options and to continuous, on-demand, data-informed, asynchronous digital care better matching the demands of living with a relentless 24/7 chronic condition. In this paper we will discuss the critical elements and considerations in designing and implementing successful diabetes digital health tools in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanisms through which exercise influences metabolic syndrome (MS) and identify key research trends and collaborative networks using bibliometric and visualization techniques. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search using the Web of Science Core Collection for articles published from 2014 to 2023. Using CiteSpace, we performed a bibliometric analysis of 562 eligible papers, generating visual knowledge maps to identify prevailing patterns, popular subjects, and emerging trends in the literature. Results: The study reveals that exercise mitigates MS by reversing high-fat diet-induced abdominal obesity, reducing lipid accumulation and inflammation, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and improving cardiovascular function. Key molecular pathways include PPAR-γ/CPT-1/MCAD signaling, AMPK activation, and nitric oxide production. The USA leads in research output, with significant contributions from American institutions. Collaboration among researchers is limited, highlighting the need for more extensive and high-quality research initiatives. Conclusions: Regular, moderate-to-high-intensity exercise is crucial for managing MS. Exercise activates beneficial molecular pathways, improving metabolic health and cardiovascular function. Future research should focus on expanding collaborations and exploring novel molecular targets to enhance the therapeutic potential of exercise in metabolic syndrome management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the incidence of amputation in Chinese patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Metaanalysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used. The CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched to collect relevant literature on the incidence of amputation in Chinese patients with DFUs. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias. The data were systematically analyzed using Stata 17.0 software to determine the incidence of amputation in this patient population. Results: A total of 25 papers were included in the study, revealing an incidence of amputation in Chinese patientswithDFUs of 22.4% (95% confidence interval: 18.3-26.5%). The subgroup analysis revealed that a history of ulcers, Wagner grade >3, and diabetic peripheral vascular disease were the primary risk factors associated with a higher incidence of amputation in Chinese patients with DFUs (P<0.05). Among Chinese patients with DFUs, the amputation group and the nonamputation group showed significant differences in body mass index, duration of DFUs, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, white blood cell count, hemoglobin A1c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and uric acid (P<0.05). Conclusion: The high incidence of amputation among Chinese patients with DFUs indicates that interventions should be implemented to prevent or minimize amputations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that lacks specific treatment, its high prevalence and disabling neuropathic pain greatly affects patients’ physical and mental health. Schwann cells (SCs) are the major glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, which play an important role in various inflammatory and metabolic neuropathies by providing nutritional support, wrapping axons and promoting repair and regeneration. Increasingly, high glucose (HG) has been found to promote the progression of DPN pathogenesis by targeting SCs death regulation, thus revealing the specific molecular process of programmed cell death (PCD) in which SCs are disrupted is an important link to gain insight into the pathogenesis of DPN. This paper is the first to review the recent progress of HG studies on apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis pathways in SCs, and points out the crosstalk between various PCDs and the related therapeutic perspectives, with the aim of providing new perspectives for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of DPN and the exploration of effective therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vitamin D has a significant correlation with type 2 diabetes. Insufficient levels of vitamin D can cause insulin resistance, which impairs the ability of cells to respond to insulin and worsens the progression of diseases. Furthermore, vitamin D has the potential to enhance the release of insulin, enhance the regulation of blood sugar levels, and reduce the glycemic index. Research has indicated that insufficient levels of vitamin D may elevate the likelihood of experiencing complications related to type 2 diabetes, including cardiovascular disease and neuropathy. This study employed bibliometric analysis to investigate recent advancements in research about the relationship between vitamin D and type 2 diabetes. Methods: We searched for articles on the topic of vitamin D and type 2 diabetes published between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2023. The search was performed on February 20, 2024, using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Utilizing VOSviewer and CiteSpace, we conducted bibliometric analysis and visualization. Results: A comprehensive study was conducted on a total of 1362 papers pertaining to the relationship between vitamin D and type 2 diabetes. The United States had the biggest number of publications and the highest effect among these articles. Within the top 10 most published journals, the journal "DIABETES CARE" has the highest H-index, indicating its significant influence in this field of study. Currently, there is an extensive body of research on the supplementation of vitamin D for the improvement of type 2 diabetes and prevention of complications in type 2 diabetes, as well as its related mechanisms. Research related to bone turnover and peripheral neuropathy represents a promising area for future studies. Conclusion: Overall, bibliometrics may assist researchers in comprehending the trajectory, significant themes, and scholarly influence of the field concerning vitamin D and type 2 diabetes. This, in turn, offers substantial backing for future studies that delve further into the subject matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the lack of endogenous synthesis and relevant nuclear receptors, several papers have been published over the decades claiming that the physiology of mollusks is affected by natural and synthetic sex steroids. With scant evidence for the existence of functional steroid nuclear receptors in mollusks, some scientists have speculated that the effects of steroids might be mediated via membrane receptors (i.e. via non-genomic/non-classical actions) - a mechanism that has been well-characterized in vertebrates. However, no study has yet investigated the ligand-binding ability of such receptor candidates in mollusks. The aim of the present study was to further trace the evolution of the endocrine system by investigating the presence of functional membrane sex steroid receptors in a mollusk, the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis). We detected sequences homologous to the known vertebrate membrane sex steroid receptors in the Lymnaea transcriptome and genome data: G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER1); membrane progestin receptors (mPRs); G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A); and Zrt- and Irt-like protein 9 (ZIP9). Sequence analyses, including conserved domain analysis, phylogenetics, and transmembrane domain prediction, indicated that the mPR and ZIP9 candidates appeared to be homologs, while the GPER1 and GPRC6A candidates seemed to be non-orthologous receptors. All candidates transiently transfected into HEK293MSR cells were found to be localized at the plasma membrane, confirming that they function as membrane receptors. However, the signaling assays revealed that none of the candidates interacted with the main vertebrate steroid ligands. Our findings strongly suggest that functional membrane sex steroid receptors which would be homologous to the vertebrate ones are not present in Lymnaea. Although further experiments are required on other molluscan model species as well, we propose that both classical and non-classical sex steroid signaling for endocrine responses are specific to chordates, confirming that molluscan and vertebrate endocrine systems are fundamentally different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumors present a formidable health risk with limited curability and high mortality; existing treatments face challenges in addressing the unique tumor microenvironment (hypoxia, low pH, and high permeability), necessitating the development of new therapeutic approaches. Under certain circumstances, certain bacteria, especially anaerobes or parthenogenetic anaerobes, accumulate and proliferate in the tumor environment. This phenomenon activates a series of responses in the body that ultimately produce anti-tumor effects. These bacteria can target and colonize the tumor microenvironment, promoting responses aimed at targeting and fighting tumor cells. Understanding and exploiting such interactions holds promise for innovative therapeutic strategies, potentially augmenting existing treatments and contributing to the development of more effective and targeted approaches to fighting tumors. This paper reviews the tumor-promoting mechanisms and anti-tumor effects of the digestive tract microbiome and describes bacterial therapeutic strategies for tumors, including natural and engineered anti-tumor strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common chronic metabolic disease, and its prevalence is increasing globally. Exercise is crucial for T2D management, yet many aspects of its mechanisms remain unclear. This study employs CiteSpace to reveal research hotspots and frontier issues in exercise intervention for T2D. Method: A literature review spanning from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022, was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), with keywords including "exercise," "type 2 diabetes," and "mechanisms." We analyzed network diagrams generated by CiteSpace, which depicted relationships among countries, authors, and keywords. Results: This study includes 1,210 English papers from 555 journals, affiliated with 348 institutions across 80 countries/regions. Notably, the United States, China, and the United Kingdom account for nearly half of all publications. The University of Copenhagen leads in publication volume, followed by Harvard Medical School and the University of Colorado. Key authors include Kirwan, John P (Case Western Reserve University), Malin, Steven K (Rutgers University), and Pedersen, Bente Klarlund (University of Copenhagen). Based on co-occurrence analysis of keywords, it is evident that terms such as "disease," "glucagon-like peptide 1," and "cardiovascular risk factor" exhibit high intermediary centrality. Conclusion: The analysis highlights ongoing investigations into molecular mechanisms, such as b-cell function enhancement, exerkines, and epigenetic mechanisms. Emerging areas include exercise response heterogeneity, circadian rhythm regulation, transcription factors, neurotrophic factors, and mitochondrial function. Future studies should prioritize understanding interactions between different exercise mechanisms and optimizing exercise prescriptions for T2D. Exercise prescriptions are crucial for effective interventions. Collaboration between countries and institutions is essential to understand the influences of different genetic backgrounds and environmental factors. Currently, a combination of aerobic and resistance training is considered the optimal form of exercise. However, considering time efficiency, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has gained widespread attention and research due to its ability to achieve similar exercise effects in a shorter duration. Additionally, circadian rhythm regulation may affect the exercise outcomes of diabetic individuals at different times of the day, particularly concerning the specific types, doses, and intensities used for precision intervention in T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to other long bones, forearm fractures are particularly challenging due to the high rate of complications. These include malunion, delayed/ nonunion, wrist and elbow movement reduction, and pain. Surgical procedure is considered the gold standard for managing delayed union and nonunion of the long bones. However, in the last decades, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has emerged as an effective and less invasive approach to enhance bone regeneration and fracture healing, avoiding major complications of surgical procedures. In contrast to the broad literature reporting good clinical results of ESWT in the treatment of nonunions, there is currently limited evidence regarding the clinical application of shock waves on long bone delayed fractures, particularly those of the forearm. In the present paper, we report a case of delayed bone healing of the diaphyseal region of the ulna treated with focused ESWT. The successful case experienced bone healing at the fracture site in less than 3 months after initial ESWT treatment. Acknowledging the limitation of reporting a case report, however, the remarkable clinical results and the absence of side effects contribute valuable information in support of the use of ESWT as an effective alternative to standard surgery for forearm fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease. MAFLD is a major risk factor for end-stage liver disease including cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. The pathogenesis of MAFLD is complex and has not yet been clarified. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have conducted quantitative bibliometric analysis to evaluate published MAFLD research. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of MAFLD publications over the past decade to summarize the current research hotspots and predict future research directions in this field. Methods: Articles into MAFLD published from 2012 to 2021 were identified from the Science Citation Index-Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace software, VOSviewer, the "bibliometrix" R package, and the Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology were used to analyze the current publication trends and hotspots. Results: We retrieved 13959 English articles about MAFLD published from 2012 to 2021. Primary sites of publication were dominated by the United States until 2014, when China became the source of most published MAFLD-related research papers. The United States was found to be the most engaged country in international cooperative efforts. Shanghai Jiao Tong University was the most productive institution. Loomba R was the most productive author with 123 articles. The co-cited keyword cluster tag showed ten main clusters: #0 liver fibrosis, #1 hemoglobin, #2 metabolic associated fatty liver disease, #3 egcg, #4 myocardial infarction, #5 heart disease, #6 pnpla3, #7 hepatocellular carcinoma, #8 noninvasive marker, and #9 children. Keyword burst analysis showed that gut microbiota was the highest-intensity research hotspot. Conclusion: In the past decade, the number of publications on MAFLD increased dramatically, especially in the last three years. Gut microbiota became an important research direction for etiological and therapeutic investigations into MAFLD. Insulin resistance was also a key factor in studying the development of MAFLD in recent years. Liver fibrosis was an important focus of disease development. This study provides systematic information, helps guide future research, and helps to identify mechanisms and new treatment methods for MAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We aimed to elucidate the research status and explore research trends and future directions of research on obesity and PCOS. Methods: A bibliometric analysis of the published papers in the field of obesity and PCOS between 2012 and 2022 was conducted on the basis of the Web of Science Core Collection database. The collaboration networks, research trends, literature sources, citation analysis, co-citation analysis, and keywords analysis were statistically analyzed and visualized using the VOSviewer software. Results: We retrieved 2843 records from 681 journals by 12307 authors from 2942 institutes in 99 countries. The number of published papers and citations had a roughly increasing trend annually. The United States and China contributed the majority of the records. Monash University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Karolinska Institute, University of São Paulo, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences were the biggest nodes in their cluster of the collaboration network map, and Moran LJ, Teede HJ, Joham AE, Escobar-Morreale HF, and Macut D were prolific authors. Research trends and hotspots were identified and visualized in the field of obesity and PCOS. Research hotspots in this field focused on insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome, metformin, and inflammation. Bariatric surgery, mitochondrial dysfunction, binding globulins, and comorbidities may be the frontiers of future research. Conclusions: We concluded the research status and trends in the field of obesity and PCOS. A better understanding of collaboration patterns, research hotspots, and frontiers may be useful for researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 619 million people in the world suffer from low back pain (LBP). As two potential inducers of LBP, intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and fat infiltration of paraspinal muscles (PSMs) have attracted extensive attention in recent years. So far, only one review has been presented to summarize their relationship and relevant mechanisms. Nevertheless, it has several noticeable drawbacks, such as incomplete categorization and discussion, lack of practical proposals, etc. Consequently, this paper aims to systematically summarize and classify the interaction between IVDD and fat infiltration of PSMs, thus providing a one-stop search handbook for future studies. As a result, four mechanisms of IVDD leading to fat infiltration of PSMs and three mechanisms of fat infiltration in PSMs causing IVDD are thoroughly analyzed and summarized. The typical reseaches are tabulated and evaluated from four aspects, i.e., methods, conclusions, benefits, and drawbacks. We find that IVDD and fat infiltration of PSMs is a vicious cycle that can promote the occurrence and development of each other, ultimately leading to LBP and disability. Finally, eight perspectives are proposed for future in-depth research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), there is a significant public health issue regarding the increasing number of individuals affected by obesity and overweight on an annual basis. Therefore, it is imperative to urgently identify interventions that can effectively control and improve this condition. Baduanjin, as a medium-intensity exercise, appears a suitable approach for weight reduction among individuals with obesity. This paper aimed to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of Baduanjin in addressing obesity and overweight, with the ultimate goal of assisting individuals with obesity in finding an effective, safe, and engaging method for weight reduction. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), The Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), The Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and WanFang Database to identify relevant articles published from the inception of each database until September 2023. Specifically, we focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of Baduanjin on weight reduction. Data from these studies were extracted and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. In cases where there was no significant heterogeneity (I2 < 50%, p > 0.1), we employed a fixed effects model for data synthesis; otherwise, a random effects model was selected. Funnel plots were used to assess publication bias, and the mean difference (MD) was reported as an indicator of treatment group differences. Results: A total of 420 participants were included in 10 studies. The MD results of the experimental group when compared with the control group were -3.69 (95% CI = -4.97 to -2.40, p < 0.001) for body weight (BW), -5.42 (95%CI = -6.56 to -4.28, p < 0.001) for body mass index (BMI), -1.36 (95%CI = -1.76 to -0.96, p < 0.001) for waist circumference (WC), -3.40 (95%CI = -4.43 to -2.37, p < 0.001) for hip circumference (HC), and -0.03 (95%CI = -0.04 to -0.02, p > 0.1) for the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). All of the values in the experimental group showed significant difference. The results of the Egger's test (t = 1.43, p = 0.190) suggest that there was no substantial bias present within the data analysis process. The safety profile revealed no adverse events reported across all 10 studies. Conclusion: Baduanjin could be effective in reducing weight, and the practice of Baduanjin has the potential to regulate BW, BMI, WC, HC, and WHR. However, further well-designed RCTs are still necessary to provide more robust evidence in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cuproptosis, a recently discovered form of cell death, stems from an overabundance of copper ions infiltrating mitochondria. These ions directly engage lipoylated proteins, prompting their oligomerization and subsequent loss of iron-sulfur clusters. This sequence induces proteotoxic stress, ultimately culminating in cell death. Type 2 diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder resulting from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, has not yet been fully understood in terms of its etiology and pathogenesis. Intricately, it is linked to various modalities of cell death, including mitochondrial autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Studies have discovered impaired copper metabolism in individuals with Type 2 diabetes, hinting at a unique role for copper homeostasis in the progression of the disease. To this end, the present research aims to delineate the potential correlation between cuproptosis and Type 2 diabetes by exhaustively reviewing the existing literature. By synthesizing relevant research on cuproptosis, the paper intends to lay the groundwork for a thorough exploration of the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. The ultimate objective is to facilitate a deeper understanding of Type 2 diabetes and to identify novel therapeutic strategies associated with cuproptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been continuous progress in diabetes management over the last few decades, not least due to the widespread dissemination of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and automated insulin delivery systems. These technological advances have radically changed the daily lives of people living with diabetes, improving the quality of life of both children and their families. Despite this, hypoglycemia remains the primary side-effect of insulin therapy. Based on a systematic review of the available scientific evidence, this paper aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for recognizing, risk stratifying, treating, and managing patients with hypoglycemia. The objective of these recommendations is to unify the behavior of pediatric diabetologists with respect to the timely recognition and prevention of hypoglycemic episodes and the correct treatment of hypoglycemia, especially in patients using CGM or advanced hybrid closedloop systems. All authors have long experience in the specialty and are members of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology. The goal of treating hypoglycemia is to raise blood glucose above 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) and to prevent further decreases. Oral glucose at a dose of 0.3 g/kg (0.1 g/kg for children using "smart pumps" or hybrid closed loop systems in automated mode) is the preferred treatment for the conscious individual with blood glucose <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L), although any form of carbohydrate (e.g., sucrose, which consists of glucose and fructose, or honey, sugary soft drinks, or fruit juice) containing glucose may be used. Using automatic insulin delivery systems, the oral glucose dose can be decreased to 0.1 g/kg. Practical flow charts are included to aid clinical decision-making. Although representing the official position of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED), these guidelines are applicable to the global audience and are especially pertinent in the era of CGM and other advanced technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the Earth's rotation, the natural environment exhibits a light-dark diurnal cycle close to 24 hours. To adapt to this energy intake pattern, organisms have developed a 24-hour rhythmic diurnal cycle over long periods, known as the circadian rhythm, or biological clock. With the gradual advancement of research on the biological clock, it has become increasingly evident that disruptions in the circadian rhythm are closely associated with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To further understand the progress of research on T2D and the biological clock, this paper reviews the correlation between the biological clock and glucose metabolism and analyzes its potential mechanisms. Based on this, we discuss the potential factors contributing to circadian rhythm disruption and their impact on the risk of developing T2D, aiming to explore new possible intervention measures for the prevention and treatment of T2D in the future. Under the light-dark circadian rhythm, in order to adapt to this change, the human body forms an internal biological clock involving a variety of genes, proteins and other molecules. The main mechanism is the transcriptiontranslation feedback loop centered on the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer. The expression of important circadian clock genes that constitute this loop can regulate T2DM-related blood glucose traits such as glucose uptake, fat metabolism, insulin secretion/glucagon secretion and sensitivity in various peripheral tissues and organs. In addition, sleep, light, and dietary factors under circadian rhythms also affect the occurrence of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the intersection between COVID-19 and diabetes, emphasizing the increased risk faced by individuals with diabetes and the reciprocal relationship between the two conditions. It also discusses the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes care delivery, including the utilization of telemedicine and digital health technologies. The article references various research papers that delve into topics such as the connection between COVID-19 and diabetes, the influence of the pandemic on diabetic complications, and the potential adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines. The future prospects outlined in the article encompass further research, personalized treatment, preventive measures, and enhancements in healthcare infrastructure and public health policies. The document also includes references to several related articles, including a systematic review that examines the current evidence on the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19, and an article focusing on disease management for individuals with diabetes during the pandemic. These resources offer valuable insights for researchers and individuals seeking to comprehend the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with diabetes. [Extracted from the article]

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), also referred to as Graves' ophthalmopathy, is a medical condition wherein ocular complications arise due to autoimmune thyroid illness. The diagnosis of TAO, reliant on imaging, typical ocular symptoms, and abnormalities in thyroid function or thyroidassociated antibodies, is generally graded and staged. In recent years, Artificial intelligence(AI), particularly deep learning(DL) technology, has gained widespread use in the diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmic diseases. This paper presents a discussion on specific studies involving AI, specifically DL, in the context of TAO, highlighting their applications in TAO diagnosis, staging, grading, and treatment decisions. Additionally, it addresses certain limitations in AI research on TAO and potential future directions for the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]