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The article discusses economic developments in Finland as of late October 1985. It claims that the country's economy is growing faster than any developed country, except Japan and Norway, in the past 10 years. It presents the economic link between Finland and Russia, the low government spending in Finland, and the country's high paper production.

The article discusses the economic performance of countries in the Pacific Basin. Topics covered include the formation of the Pacific Basin Economic Council (PBEC) in 1967, the interest to fortify the political and economic cooperation in the region, the need to create regional financial markets in the region, the role of Australia as a net energy exporter and Canada's dependence on foreign capital. Also mentioned are Japan's labor productivity and government incentives in New Zealand.

The article surveys the history of money and discusses why, in the author's view, the U.S. is misguided in its efforts to persuade China to revalue the yuan upwards. Coins obviated the need for barter in early economies, and eventually led to the introduction of even more convenient paper currencies that were backed by metals such as gold or silver. When currencies could no longer be redeemed for precious metal, though, governments became free to print money at will. The author notes that the link between the yuan and the U.S. dollar has helped trade between China and the U.S. to flourish.

Discusses how by the close of 1991, the trade deficit was down to $7 billion--a nothing number in a $6 trillion United States economy. In addition, United States productivity in manufacturing has been rising strongly since 1982. Value of the dollar; Contrast in wage increases with Germany and Japan; Manufacturing labor costs going down; Companies going global; Reasons for the new trade balance; Predictions for the United States economy.

The article reports on the U.S. investments in Canada. The policy of Canada that prohibits U.S. capital investment in Canadian companies engaged in electric energy production is discussed. Figures show the U.S. capital investments in the Canadian industries of wood and paper products, iron and steel production, vegetable products, chemical and allied products, nonferrous metals and animal products.

The article reports the business trends worldwide as of September 1980. The U.S. government has provided Poland with 1.3 billion dollars in Commodity Credit Corp. advances for buying grains. Data from the U.S. National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) showed that right-to-work laws that prohibit compulsory union membership is ineffective in slowing down unionism.

The article focuses on the currency inflation that prevailed almost throughout Continental Europe following the first World War. It discusses the causes, processes and consequences of such inflation. It examines, in particular, how the currency inflation is affecting American businesses, and how it is likely to influence in the future.

The author comments on various political and economic issues as of December 1967. He argues that the U.S. can no longer afford to run dollar imbalances and budget deficits or it will devalue the U.S. dollar. He accuses French president Charles de Gaulle of blocking the British from entering the Common Market and of working on ensuring U.S. failure in Vietnam. He predicts that the stocks of railroads will soon emerge as a strong form of investment.

Stresses how Switzerland's claims of neutrality, which over the years have kept it out of Europe's wars, are increasingly becoming threatened. The big threat is to trade. Whether or not the Swiss should joining the common market; Other problems caused; How Switzerland has prospered from their views; How the Swiss finally took some international responsibility by joining the economic boycott against Iraq.

The article discusses the impact of the tariff legislation in Canada and the U.S. on the trade relations between the two countries. It highlights the decline in Canada's imports from and exports to the U.S. after the passage of the legislation. It also discusses the general business conditions in the two countries including unemployment, wheat crop and railroad car-loading volume.

The article discusses a real estate development project and construction of the city of Panama Pacifico at the former site of Howard Air Force Base in Panama along the Panama Canal, envisioned by Colombian businessman Jaime Gilinski. Emphasis is given to topics such as Gilinski's partnership with developer Ian Livingstone, investment by the state of Qatar and the oil industry, and the attraction of corporate tenants such as beer company SABMiller.

The author argues that the U.S. government has enough resources to compete against the Soviet Union in terms of building more and better schools, more highways, stronger defenses, a foreign aid program and more explorers in orbit in 1958. The U.S. has a gross national product of 436 billion dollars compared to the Soviet Union with a gross national product of 145 billion dollars. The U.S. needs to make more efficient use of what it already have in the way of manpower and equipment.

The article discusses how Great Britain's abandonment of the gold standard of the British pound will affect American foreign trade. The author claims that the declining value of the pound will discourage imports into the country while encouraging exports. Topics mentioned include the importance of foreign trade to the British economy, the opinions of the United States Department of Commerce, and the advertising campaign to buy British goods.

This section offers news briefs concerning the world economy as of March 15, 1929, including the potential membership of the U.S. to the League of Nations (LN), the continuous growth in British exports, and the official debt payments made by the Mexican government.

The article presents Roy Denman, newly appointed economic ambassador of the European Common Market to the U.S. as of October 1982, focusing on his comments regarding bilateral trade relations, U.S. President Ronald Reagan's trade policies, and natural gas pipelines from the Soviet Union.

The article discusses the impacts on having a stringent legal system towards the corporate sector of the U.S. It has been noted that the nation's tort system is tough on small businesses, which cannot afford costly lawsuits. This trend is beginning to strangle development and marketing of new technology which could add up to the deprivation of the nation's competitiveness globally and to the American's standard of living.

The article focuses on the international trade relation between Japan and the U.S. in 1985. The author emphasizes that American businesspersons have the best market position to compete with Japanese traders because of the devaluation of Japan's currency compared in 1984. Kiichi Watanabe, president of Japan Center for International Finance, points out on the possible implications of the country's currency devaluation on the country's economy.

The article discusses the condition of the global economy as of October 1982, with particular attention given to the international banking system and the relationship between credit, inflation, and liquidity. The author cites Hungarian economist Melchior Palyi regarding the role of debt in relations between countries. He also reviews economic conditions in Mexico, focusing on the policies of president José López Portillo, government spending and borrowing, and the country's petroleum industry. INSET: The last olé.

The article features the views of French historian Fernand Braudel regarding the worldwide economy. Topics covered include the seeming breakdowns in both capitalist and socialist societies, his criticisms of French President Fracois Mitterand, and the politicians' lack of power to act in the face of secular economic shifts. His views on living with crisis, the re-opening of Russia, the universalism of economies, and the shift of the world economic center toward Japan and the Pacific.

The article discusses the economic outlook of Japan for 1982 and its business relationship with the U.S. Topics discussed include the complexity of the U.S.-Japanese relationship, automobiles as the biggest trade issue between the U.S. and Japan in 1981, the impact of the increasing bilateral trade deficit to the sectoral trade between the two countries and director capital investment as one aspect of the economic relationship between Japan and U.S.

The article looks at the growth of Japanese manufacturing investments in the U.S. As of 1979, about 300 Japanese firms made direct investments into 532 U.S. manufacturing projects, with the U.S. expected to rival Southeast Asia as an outlet for Japanese manufacturing investment. It is also predicted that Japan will surpass West Germany and Great Britain to become the world's second largest overseas direct investor.

A letter to the editor in response to the article "Europe's Common Market" in the December 1, 1958 issue is presented.

A letter to the editor in response to the article "Europe's Common Market" in the December 1, 1958 issue is presented.

The article discusses how the economic interdependence principle helped Germany to get down to bedrock in improving its industrial and commercial welfare in 1928. Particular focus is given to how Germany worked as an economic laboratory to solve problems in Germany and in other countries as well. It also discusses Germany's export market expansion, trust substitution, production and distribution rationalization, and foreign competitor interest promotion to capitalize economic interdependence.

The article offers a guide in selecting foreign investments, as of 1925. It describes the interest of U.S. investors in foreign securities, particularly, in the securities of the Canadian Pacific Railway Co. and the securities in Mexico prior to the World War I. It discusses external and internal loans and offers explanations on why an investment in an external bond is better than in an internal bond. It presents an analysis of investments in the internal bonds of France and Great Britain.

In this article, the author expresses his views on several issues related to world economics and politics as of January 1918. Topics discussed include the scarcity of food in the time of war, the skills of the British Ambassador to the U.S., and the establishment of the sugar refining company Sugar Trust. Also mentioned are businessman John D. Rockefeller, U.S. department heads handling issues of war, and the occurrence of family tragedies.

The article offers a profile of the South Korean entrepreneur Kim Jung-woong, including his founding of the cosmetics and skin care company GP Club. An overview of GP Club's specializing in selling the skin care face masks, including the Luminous Royal Propolis Mask, to consumers in China is provided.

The author discusses various political and economic issues as of August 1985. He discusses the reasons behind the 7.2 percent unemployment rate of the U.S. despite a lot of job vacancies remaining unfilled, he calls on the U.S. government to support Canada's territorial claim of the Northwest Passage and asserts that Pakistani President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq deserves some political and security help from the U.S. He also praises the advertising method of chocolate company Godiva.

An introduction to a series of articles about the U.S.-Japan relationship is presented on topics including trade, foreign investment and economic relations between both countries.

The article focuses on the U.S.-Japan bilateral relationship as of 1983. It discusses the economic strengths of Japan, significance of the Japanese market for exports of American products, and initiatives to commit Japan to free trade. It also examines support of Japan of U.S. military forces, liberalization of foreign investments and partnership with Japan as the key to U.S. alliances with countries in East Asia and the Pacific.

The article discusses U.S. Government's efforts to help the Caribbean to solve its employment and economic problems with the use of American enterprises as of February 1, 1982. The author focuses on the Annual Miami Conference on Caribbean Trade, Investment and Development and the refugees that come from the Caribbean to the U.S. Attention is paid to U.S. businessmen, who opened subsidiaries in the region and take advantage of tax holidays and low wages such as lingerie producer Maidenform Inc.

The article discusses the views of economist and economic historian Charles P. Kindleberger on world economic stability, saying that the world needs an economic leader like the U.S. to prosper.

The author explores his views on developments in the U.S. and global economy and politics as of August 1955. One is the prosperity being enjoyed by Holland despite a population increase, from 8.6 million prewar to 10.5 million. Another highlights the role played by the hydrogen bomb in making the world closer to lasting peace. Another one focuses on Dutch Minister of Finance Johan van de Kieft's concern for the dependence of continued prosperity in the U.S. on installment buying.

The article looks at how U.S. businesses might be affected by a general increase in tariff rates in 1929. Topics covered include the dispute on free trade and protection, the reasons behind the American Iron and Steel Institute's opposition to a request by owners of manganese ore deposits for higher import duties, and the industries that will suffer from a high tariff. The author also looks at the effect of a high tariff on the U.S. trade relations with France and the British dominions.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including an analysis of various stocks by William Russell White, a report on the oil industry and its future by Paul Wagner, and a report on Canada's commercial ties with the U.S. by Charles Bishop.

The article reports on the decline in U.S. foreign trade, as of June 1928. It presents an analysis of the U.S. foreign trade position as indicated in the nation's imports and exports and the need to use exceptional care in scrutinizing the divergent conditions in certain crucial markets to maintain a satisfactory level in overseas economic efforts for 1928. It also provides an update on the foreign trade situation in Europe, Great Britain, Latin America, and the Far East.

The article focuses on the trade relations of the U.S. Topics discussed include the leadership of Great Britain as a principal source of export and import trade for the U.S., decline in the total export trade from Europe, ranking of countries that acquire American goods and the distinction between the idea of international trade and national markets. Also mentioned are the excess imports from South America and the limit of profitable trade development between the Americas.

The article focuses on the state of U.S.-Philippine trade relations in 1925. Topics discussed include the colony as the prime source of U.S. crude rubber and agricultural commodities and the potential for development of other industries, such as mining and forestry. The logistical challenges facing exporters, the creation of a law that will allow American companies to develop rubber lands, and the need for increased agricultural labor are mentioned.

The article presents facts and comments related to issues pertaining to the U.S., as of March 1925. It discusses the implications for the U.S. of the protective policy proposed by the British government under which the Board of Trade would have power to hoist a tariff wall against imports regarded as entailing unfair or abnormal competition, how people use their leisure time in relation to Ford's use of its by-products, and whether high wages in the country will last permanently.

This section offers news briefs relating to the U.S. as of September 29, 1923. It discusses the willingness of the U.S. to provide financial help to other countries but not its influence. The achievements of American business leaders have reportedly peaked the interest of businessmen around the world. The role of the banking industry in addressing the agricultural problems and issues relating to currency reforms is explored.

The article encourages businesses in the U.S. to participate in foreign trade. The author believes that products made in the U.S. are superior to those manufactured in England, France, or Germany due to their scientific design and construction. The author asserts that there is a real demand for American products as shown by inquiries received by the Foreign Trade Bureau. The importance of gaining background information on a specific country to conduct foreign trade with is also discussed.

The article offers world news briefs related to business as of May 28, 1921. Coal shortage reportedly caused increasing unemployment in Great Britain. The total trade of Canada with the U.S. was 1.399 million dollars as of March 31. Fees in railroads such as advance passenger, excess baggage and freight will be increased by the Interstate Commerce Commission in North Dakota.

The author presents several opinions about topics in the news as of January 21, 2013. He believes that mentally ill citizens in the U.S. are not receiving the treatment that they need. He feels that weak world leaders are part of the cause of recessions in countries such as Greece, France, and Japan, and that this affects the U.S. economy. He also suggests ways for the U.S. government to bring in more revenue.

The article focuses on the financial problems faced by Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat. Yasir Arafat is now facing a new threat, that is, the cutoff of funds from his very own Palestinian Authority (PA). Money keeps Arafat in power. With a tight grip on much of the $5.5 billion in international aid that has flowed into the PA since 1994, he appears to have overseen virtually all disbursements, from $600 payments to alleged terrorists and $1,500 in tuition for security officers, to $10 million, reportedly paid by a company controlled by friends of Arafat, for a 50-ton shipment of weapons from Iran. Take the money out of his hands; reform a corrupt financial system and one could reduce the violence. That's the thinking of the U.S. and European officials who insisted on the appointment of a new finance minister for the PA.

Reports on Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez and on why the United States electricity-generating firm AES launched a battle for control of C.A. La Electricidad de Caracas (EDC), Venezuela's largest publicly traded utility. Background on US reluctance to become involved in Venezuelan politics and economics; Opinion that Chavez is an unpredictable leader who takes great economic risks; Details on the Venezuelan economy and on the challenges that face AES.

Discusses miscellaneous news stories with economic implications. Efforts by the United States to allow China into the World Trade Organization; How the US should push for admission for Taiwan instead; Death of Julius Nyerere, dictator of Tanzania and a discussion of his economic policies; Cost of paperwork for health care and an organization in Seattle, Washington named SimpleCare which reduces a bill by half for cash on the spot; Others.

The article presents suggestions for a free-trade agreement of the U.S. with Japan. Japan may be in a mood to negotiate. Its bubble economy has burst. The recession continues. Major corporations' margins are under unaccustomed strain. Despite government propping, the stock market remains barely half what it was four years ago. Real estate remains weak. The political establishment is wracked by scandals. Even more sobering, Japan's access to overseas markets in Europe and North America is in increasing jeopardy.

The article focuses on the profile of Clarence Dauphinot Jr., chief executive officer (CEO) at the Bahamas-based investment and merchant bank Deltec Panamerica S.A., as of April 4, 1988. Topics include Deltec's shareholders, biographic data on Dauphinot, and Deltec's lending operations in Latin America. The actions of Argentinian government against foreign capitalists in 1970, investments in real estate investment trusts (REITs) in 1978, and investing in small companies are also discussed.

The article examines the status of Japan-U.S. trade relations as of 1987. Topics discussed include impact of the trade sanctions imposed by the U.S. on Japan in 1986 on the two countries' commercial relations, factors that contributed to the tense trade relations between the two countries other than the sanctions and steps that the two nations are exploring to improve trade relations. Also discussed are the benefits gained by both countries from trading with each other.