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Elevated CO 2 was a potential strategy for strawberry preservation. However, the regulatory mechanism remained unclear. In current study, transcriptome analysis showed that elevated CO 2 played important roles in regulating strawberry fruit quality at the transcriptional level, and plant hormones metabolism at least partially involved in the regulatory process. Further, ABA was demonstrated to play important roles in the response to elevated CO 2 . Elevated CO 2 inhibited the accumulation of ABA, which was 61% lower than that in control. Elevated CO 2 repressed ABA synthesis by inhibiting NCED activity and the expression of FaNCED1/2, leading to the reduction of ABA accumulation as a result. Meanwhile, elevated CO 2 also decreased ABA sensitivity by down-regulating FaSnRK2.4/2.6 and FaABI5 expression. The dual down-regulation of ABA signaling accounted for the regulation of fruit quality under elevated CO 2 treatment. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of strawberry fruit response to elevated CO 2 ., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

5-Azacytidine (AZ) is a DNA methylation inhibitor that has recently demonstrated potential in regulating fruit quality through exogenous application. In this study, we treated mandarin fruits for 4-day storage. Noteworthy were the induced degreening and the enhanced citrus aroma of fruits under AZ treatment, involving the promotion of chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid biosynthesis, and limonene biosynthesis. Key genes associated with these processes exhibited expression level increases of up to 123.8 times. Additionally, AZ treatment activated defense-related enzymes and altered phenylpropanoid carbon allocation towards lignin biosynthesis instead of flavonoid biosynthesis. The expression levels of lignin biosynthesis-related genes increased by nearly 100 times, leading to fortified lignin that is crucial for citrus defense against Penicillium italicum. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of such intense AZ-induced changes in gene expressions remain unclear and further research could help establish AZ treatment as a viable strategy for citrus preservation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is an imaging technique using spatially modulated illumination for measurement of optical properties. Conventional SFDI methods require capturing at least six images, making it time-consuming. This study presents a Generative Adversarial Network-Multi-Layer Perceptron (GAN-MLP) two-stage network (GMOPNet) for extracting high-precision optical properties of kiwifruit and peaches from a single SFDI image, enabling real-time continuous wide-band SFDI. The GMOPNet we proposed leverages the GAN to predict diffuse reflectance, followed by the MLP with Monte Carlo prior knowledge to predict optical properties. Our method achieves mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of 5.91% for the absorption coefficient (μ a ) and 5.23% for the reduced scattering coefficient ( [Formula: see text] ), reducing acquisition and processing time significantly, with single inference taking 31.13 ms. The MAPE of the μ a and the [Formula: see text] were 6.73% and 6.34% for kiwifruit and 5.80% and 6.65% for peaches, respectively., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This work proposes an innovative method for monitoring the freshness of aquatic products using a nanosized colorimetric sensor (NCS). Six porous organic frameworks (POFs) were utilised to modify and sensitize four food-friendly natural pigments. Four optimal nano-pigments were selected based on their RGB-responsive interaction with NH 3 . Meanwhile, pigments exhibited significant changes in Vis-NIR spectra after nanosizing. Results indicated that the optimal NCS performs well in predicting aquatic products' total volatile alkaline nitrogen (TVB-N) content. While the prediction model based on image data did not benefit from nanosizing, the model constructed from spectral data demonstrated high accuracy and stability. The best PLS model achieved a prediction set correlation coefficient (Rp) of 0.9891 and a residual prediction deviation value of 6.66 by combining with variable combination population analysis-iteratively retaining informative variables (VCPA-IRIV) algorithm. Thus, the nanofabrication of POFs on pigments shows promise for developing high-precision and stable freshness prediction models., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

To improve the stability of anthocyanins and techno-functionality of purple and blue wheat, the selectively hydrolyzed soy protein (reduced glycinin, RG) and β-conglycinin (7S) were prepared and their enhanced effects were comparatively investigated. The anthocyanins in purple wheat showed higher stability compared to that of the blue wheat during breadmaking. The cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutincoside in purple wheat and delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside in blue wheat were better preserved by RG. Addition of RG and 7S enhanced the quality of steamed bread made from colored and common wheat, with RG exhibited a more prominent effect. RG and 7S suppressed the gelatinization of starch and improved the thermal stability. Both RG and 7S promoted the unfolding process of gluten proteins and facilitated the subsequent crosslinking of glutenins and gliadins by disulfide bonds. Polymerization of α- and γ-gliadin into glutenin were more evidently promoted by RG, which contributed to the improved steamed bread quality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Contamination of aquatic products with sulfonamide antibiotics poses a threat to consumer health and can lead to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Common methods to detect such compounds are slow and require expensive instruments. We developed a sensitive sulfadiazine (SDZ) detection method based on the photoinduced electron transfer between UCNPs and Cu 2+ . The surface-modified upconversion nanoparticles bind to Cu 2+ by electrostatic adsorption, causing fluorescence quenching. The quenched fluorescence was subsequently recovered by the addition of imidazole and SDZ to the detection system, which formed a complex with Cu 2+ . The sensor showed excellent linearity over a wide concentration range (0.05-1000 ng/mL), had a low limit of detection (0.04 ng/mL), was selective, and was not affected by common substances present in aquatic media. This indicates that the sensor has great potential for application in the detection of SDZ residues in aquatic products., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The natural flavor of sea cucumber is generally not easily accepted by consumers. In this study, the effect of different cooking conditions on the adsorption of the characteristic flavor of Sichuan pepper by sea cucumber was investigated by response surface methodology, and the optimal cooking conditions were identified. A total of 45 volatiles were identified based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, of which 27 were key flavor actives. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and textural analysis showed that the addition of Sichuan pepper during the cooking process affected the water migration and the textural properties of sea cucumbers. It was shown that the addition of Sichuan pepper could significantly improve the flavor and other quality characteristics of sea cucumber. This study has important practical guiding significance for the flavor improvement and product innovation of sea cucumber food., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study investigates the effectiveness of microwave-assisted hot air drying (MAHD) on corn drying process, water migration, dielectric properties, microstructure, and quality attributes. The research compares MAHD with conventional hot air drying (HAD), employing various microwave powers (1.2-3.6 kW) and hot air temperatures (35-55 °C). The results demonstrate that MAHD significantly reduces the drying time (by 30.95-64.29%) compared to HAD. Two-term model accurately describes the drying kinetics of corn. Microwave facilitated the transformation and more uniform distribution of water within the corn, observed through LF-NMR/MRI. Additionally, MAHD was effective in preserving the color and carotenoids, while reducing fat acidity, indicating better quality retention. Microstructure analysis revealed that MAHD increases microporosity and cracks in corn, which correlates with the observed enhancement in drying efficiency. These findings underscore the potential of MAHD as a superior method for drying corn, offering benefits in terms of reduced drying time and improved quality preservation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Ethanol evaporation method was applied to synthesize phospholipid complexes from phosphatidylcholine (PC) and short-chain alkyl gallates (A-GAs, a typical representative of lipophenols) including butyl-, propyl- and ethyl gallates. 1 H NMR, UV and FTIR showed that A-GAs were interacted with PC through weak physical interaction. Through the analysis of concentrations of A-GAs and gallic acid (GA) by an everted rat gut sac model coupled with HPLC-UV detection, phospholipid complexes were found to gradually release A-GAs. These liberated A-GAs were further hydrolyzed by intestinal lipases to release GA. Both of GA and A-GAs could cross intestinal membrane. Especially, the transmembrane A-GAs could also be hydrolyzed to produce GA. Undoubtedly, the dual release of phenol compounds from phospholipid complexes of short-chain lipophenols will be effective to extend the in vivo residence period of phenol compounds. More importantly, such behavior is easily adjusted by changing the acyl chain lengths of lipophenols in phospholipid complexes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Autophagy (AU) and programmed cell death (PCD) are dynamically regulated during tomato fruit defense against Botrytis cinerea, which are also manipulated by pathogenic effectors to promote colonization. Present study demonstrated that the enhanced defense induced by transient inhibition on AU by hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) facilitated the restriction of B. cinerea lesion on postharvest tomato. Pre-treatment of 2 mM (16.08 ± 3.42 cm at 7 d) and 6 mM (7.80 ± 2.39 cm at 7 d) HCQ inhibited the lesion development of B. cinerea compared with Mock treatment (50.02 ± 7.69 cm at 7 d). Transient inhibition of AU induced expression of fungal defense and transcriptional regulation related genes, but attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst gene expression. The ROS-induced PCD was compromised by HCQ with promoted ROS scavenging. The transient pre-treatment of HCQ slightly inhibited AU which triggered the feedback loop that enhanced the autophagic activity defensing against B. cinerea infection., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Excipient selection is crucial to address the oxidation and solubility challenges of bioactive substances, impacting their safety and efficacy. AKPL, a novel ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) esterified phospholipid derived from Antarctic krill, demonstrates unique antioxidant capabilities and synergistic effects. It exhibits pronounced surface activity and electronegativity at physiological pH, as evidenced by a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.15 g/L and ζ-potential of -49.9 mV. In aqueous environments, AKPL self-assembles into liposomal structures, offering high biocompatibility and promoting cell proliferation. Its polyunsaturated bond-rich structure provides additional oxidation sites, imparting antioxidant properties superior to other phospholipids like DSPC and DOPC. Additionally, AKPL augments the efficacy of lipophilic antioxidants, such as alpha-tocopherol and curcumin, in aqueous media through both intermolecular and intramolecular interactions. In sum, AKPL emerges as an innovative unsaturated phospholipid, offering new strategies for encapsulating and delivering oxygen-sensitive agents., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

High-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) is key factor in gluten strength and end-use quality. However, the contribution of individual HMW-GS on dough strength and Chinese southern-type steamed bread (CSTSB) quality remained unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of individual HMW-GS deletion on CSTSB quality. The HMW-GS deletion led to significant reductions in glutenin/gliadin ratios, disulfide bond content, and SDS-unextractable polymeric protein formation. Additionally, HMW-GS deletion resulted in decreased gluten protein chain length, molecular weight, and particle size, contributing to increased thermal instability and reduced crosslinking. The HMW-GS deletion weakened dough strength but improved CSTSB performance, particularly in Dx2d and Dy12d. In-silico analysis further revealed strong interactions between Bx7 and Dx2, primarily driven by desolvation energy, highlighting their crucial role in stabilizing gluten protein interactions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There is no conflict of interests to declare., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The effective differentiation and detection of multiple tea polyphenols are often challenging due to their subtle structural similarities. Although post-column derivatization HPLC strategies are commonly employed to distinguish multiple targets, the short physical distance between chromatographic column and detector limits reaction time, thereby reducing the derivatization efficiency. Dopamine (DA) reacts rapidly with resorcinol to form fluorescent azamonardine products, making fast fluorometric derivatization of tea polyphenols containing resorcinol motifs possible. In this study, a DA-driven rapid and post-column fluorescence derivatization method has been applied to sensitively detect eight tea polyphenols. This method is based on fluorescence derivatization and possesses low background interference, high sensitivity, and excellent reproducibility. Moreover, the practical application of this proposed fluorometric derivatization platform was further validated by simultaneous identification of multiple tea polyphenols in different tea samples. This work has great potential to become an alternative to the National Standard method for tea polyphenols determination., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The visible/near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectrum will become distorted due to variations in sample color, thereby reducing the prediction accuracy of fruit composition. In this study, we aimed to develop a deep learning model with color correction capability to predict oranges soluble solids content (SSC) based on multi-source data fusion. Initially, a machine vision and Vis/NIR spectroscopy online acquisition device was designed to collect and analyze color images and transmission spectra. Subsequently, data fusion methods were proposed for color features and spectral data. Finally, color-correction one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) models base on multi-source data were constructed. The results showed that, the RMSEP of optimal color-correction model was decreased by 36.4 % and 16.1 % compared to partial least squares model and conventional 1D-CNN model, respectively. The multi-source data fusion of machine vision and Vis/NIR spectroscopy has the potential to improve the accuracy of food composition prediction., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Wheat bran is a significant byproduct of wheat flour milling and is enriched with dietary fiber. Arabinoxylan (AX), the major constituent of dietary fiber, plays a crucial role in the nutrition and processing of cereal food. This review comprehensively focuses on AX as a functional additive, specifically addressing its fractionation methods, structural characteristics, techno-functionality, and interactions with dough components. Structural features such as molecular weight (Mw), branching degree, and ferulic acid (FA) content significantly influence the functionality of AX, affecting gluten protein and starch characteristics during cereal food processing. Specifically, studies have shown that AX with optimum Mw and FA levels improved dough rheology and gas retention during bread-making. Furthermore, the solubility of AX varies across wheat bran fractions, with soluble AX fractions demonstrating notable dough-improving properties. By integrating structural complexity with functional properties, this review highlights the promising applications of wheat bran AX as a sustainable, functional dough additive., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The dynamic changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), reducing sugars, and amino acids of Dictyophora rubrovalvata (DR) at various drying temperatures were analyzed using GC-IMS, HPLC, and LC-MS. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) combined with VOCs indicated that drying temperature of 80 °C was optimal. Variable importance in the projection (VIP) and relative odor activity value (ROAV) were employed to identify 22 key VOCs. The findings suggested that esters played a predominant role among the VOCs. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that serine (Ser), glutamine (Gln), lysine (Lys), alanine (Ala), threonine (Thr), glutamic acid (Glu), asparagine (Asn), ribose, and glucose were closely associated with the formation of esters, aldehydes, ketones, pyrimidines, and pyrazines. In conclusion, this study laid a foundational theory for elucidating the characteristics aroma substances and their production pathways, providing a valuable reference for analysing the flavor characteristics of DR., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is one of the most commonly used spices in stewed beef to enrich and improve its aroma during the stewing process. Gas chromatography ion mobility spectroscopy (GC-IMS), Q Exactive GC-Orbitrap-MS-O (QE-GC-MS/O), combined with sensory evaluation were employed to analyze the flavor endowment of aroma-active compounds in cloves to stewed beef. A total of 173 volatiles were identified in the clove powder (CP), stewed beef with clove (SBC), and stewed beef with salt (SBS), of which 21 volatiles were considered as aroma-active compounds. The concept of flavor endowment of aroma-active compounds in cloves was defined innovatively, and the endowment rate values (ERVs) of stewed beef were calculated. Nine aroma-active compounds in cloves were found to have a flavor endowment effect on stewed beef, while the terpenoids exhibited high ERVs. Despite the low ERV of eugenol, it still significantly impacted the aroma profile of SBC due to its high odor activity value (OAV) and flavor dilution (FD) factor. These volatiles offered mainly the clove, herbal, anise, and floral odor to stewed beef, which was also confirmed by sensory evaluation. These findings indicated that the terpenoids, phenolics and ethers in cloves had a significant influence on the overall aroma of stewed beef through the flavor endowment, which contributed to the precise use of cloves and improved the aroma of stewed beef., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a well-known plant secondary metabolite exhibiting multiple physiological functions. The present study focused on screening for synergistic antibacterial combinations containing CGA. The combination of CGA and p-coumaric acid (pCA) exhibited remarkably enhanced antibacterial activity compared to that when administering the treatment only. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that a low-dose combination treatment could disrupt the Shigella dysenteriae cell membrane. A comprehensive analysis using nucleic acid and protein leakage assay, conductivity measurements, and biofilm formation inhibition experiments revealed that co-treatment increased the cell permeability and inhibited the biofilm formation substantially. Further, the polyacrylamide protein- and agarose gel-electrophoresis indicated that the proteins and DNA genome of Shigella dysenteriae severely degraded. Finally, the synergistic bactericidal effect was established for fresh-cut tomato preservation. This study demonstrates the remarkable potential of strategically selecting antibacterial agents with maximum synergistic effect and minimum dosage exhibiting excellent antibacterial activity in food preservation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Mercury ion (Hg 2+ ), a highly toxic metal pollutant, is widely found in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain, causing various health issues. Sensitive and accurate methods for monitoring Hg 2+ are highly desirable for ensuring food safety. Herein, we propose a self-sustainable multiple amplification system (MAS) for Hg 2+ determination through the reciprocal activation between catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and rolling circle amplification (RCA). The thymine-encoded recognition element specifically recognizes Hg 2+ , triggering the exposure of the initiator. The initiator then motivates the mutual activation of CHA and RCA to accelerate the production of an exponentially amplified signal. The MAS method achieved a low detection limit of 11 pM. Due to its reliable target recognition and robust amplification efficiency, the MAS circuit facilitated the highly efficient and accurate analysis of low-abundance Hg 2+ in milk and snakehead samples, thus providing a potentially new tool for food safety control., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The freeze-drying approach was used to create inclusion complexes utilizing alkyl gallates and β-cyclodextrin, namely dodecyl gallate, octyl gallate, butyl gallate, and ethyl gallate, which are exemplary examples of phenolic esters. The everted-rat-gut-sac model demonstrated that the inclusion complexes released alkyl gallates, which were subsequently hydrolyzed to generate free gallic acid, as evidenced by HPLC-UV analysis. Both gallic acid and short-chain alkyl gallates were capable of permeating the small intestinal membrane. The transport rate of gallic acid (or alkyl gallates) exhibited an initial rise followed by a drop when the carbon-chain lengths varied. The inclusion complex groups exhibited a superior sustained-release effect compared to the comparable alkyl gallates groups, thus possibly leading to higher bioavailability and stronger bioactivity. Moreover, altering the length of the carbon chain will allow for the effortless achievement of regulated release of phenolic compounds and short-chain phenolic esters from such β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A novel type of colorimetric/fluorescent nanopaper indicator has been developed from the melt-extruded poly (vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) nanofibers with surface anchored metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by an interfacial coordination strategy. Specifically, the fluorescein isothiocyanate molecules could be anchored to the nanofiber surface by nickel ions and co-assembled into a hydrophilic nanocoating via a dynamic water/alcohol solvent evaporation method. Interestingly, this hydrophilic surface enables fast adsorption of moistures and interaction with biological amine vapors, resulting a saffron cake-layer of MOF nanocrystals with ultra-sensitive colorimetric/fluorescent responses based on an alkaline pH/ammonia induced competitive coordination mechanism. Finally, these porous nanofibrous matrix and active nanocoating make the nano-paper an ultra-sensitive optical platform for in-situ monitoring of the shrimp freshness from mins to weeks. Therefore, this composite film shows great potential into advanced paper-based indicators for food quality control and safety in processing industry., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Stimuli-responsive hydrogel possesses a strong loading capacity to embed luminescent indicators for constructing food safety sensors, which are suitable for field application. In this work, a fluorescent hydrogel sensor was fabricated by incorporating Ag + -modified carbon dots (CDs-Ag + ) into a sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel for in-situ detection of thiram. The fluorescence of CDs was quenched due to the combined effects of electrostatic adsorption and electron transfer between Ag + and CDs. The formation of an AgS bond between thiram and Ag + facilitates the release of CDs, causing subsequently fluorescence recovery. Combined with smartphone and analysis software, the fluorescence color change of the hydrogel sensor was converted into data information for quantitative detection of thiram. Such a sample-to-result step is completed within 10 min. Notably, the in-situ detection experiment of thiram in fruit and vegetable samples confirmed the practical application of the hydrogel sensor. Therefore, the hydrogel sensor provides a new research direction for the in-situ detection of pesticide residues in the monitoring of food safety., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Chinese traditional fermented sour meat has a unique flavor and nutritional value. The antioxidant activity of sour meat peptides is related to their molecular weights, amino acid compositions, and structural characteristics. Therefore, this study explores the relationships between them. The results indicate that sour meat peptides with molecular weights <1 kDa exhibit significant antioxidant properties both in vitro and in vivo. The smaller the molecular weights, the higher the content of typical amino acids with antioxidant activity (p <0.05), and the characteristic peaks of ultraviolet absorption decrease. The absorption peak at 284.5 nm blue-shifted, and the polarity of the microenvironment increased. The peak intensity and peak area of the Raman characteristic peaks of tyrosine residues and aliphatic amino acids were enhanced. In the secondary structure, there is a high content of β-turns and a low content of α-helix, which are closely related to the enhancement of antioxidant activity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Fermentation is the key process to determine the quality of black tea. Traditional physical and chemical analyses are time consuming, it cannot meet the needs of online monitoring. The existing rapid testing techniques cannot determine the specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced at different stages of fermentation, resulting in poor model transferability; therefore, the current degree of black tea fermentation mainly relies on the sensory judgment of tea makers. This study used proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with different injection methods to collect VOCs of the samples, the rule of change of specific VOCs was clarified, and the extreme learning machine (ELM) model was established after principal component analysis (PCA), the prediction accuracy reached 95% and 100%, respectively. Finally, different application scenarios of the two technologies in the actual production of black tea are discussed based on their respective advantages., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors confirm that they have no conflicts of interest with respect to the work described in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Hydrogels fabricated by non-covalent interaction garnered significant attention for their eco-friendly and robust mechanical attributes, and are often used in food, medicine and other fields. Although starch-alginate hydrogels exhibit high adhesion and are environmentally sustainable, their applications are limited due to their low elasticity and hardness. Addressing this challenge, we introduce a solvent-induced strategy using glucolactone (GDL) to fabricate hydrogels with enhanced strength and thermal resilience. Utilizing corn starch with varying amylose contents, sodium alginate and calcium carbonate to prepare a double network structure. This GDL-induced hydrogel outperforms most previous starch-based hydrogels in mechanical robustness and thermal stability. Typical starch-alginate hydrogel had a homogeneous network structure and exhibited a high tensile stress of 407.57 KPa, and a high enthalpy value of 1857.67 J/g. This investigation furnishes a facile yet effective method for the synthesis of hydrogels with superior mechanical and thermal properties, thereby broadening the design landscape for starch-based hydrogels., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Tartary buckwheat, celebrated as the "king of grains" for its flavonoid and phenolic acid richness, has health-promoting properties. Despite significant morphological and metabolic variations in mature achenes, research on their developmental process is limited. Utilizing Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging, we conducted spatial-temporal metabolomics on two cultivars during achene development. Metabolic profiles including 17 phenolic acids and 83 flavonoids are influenced by both varietal distinctions and developmental intricacies. Notably, flavonols, as major flavonoids, accumulated with achene ripening and showed a tissue-specific distribution. Specifically, flavonol glycosides and aglycones concentrated in the embryo, while methylated flavonols and procyanidins in the hull. Black achenes at the green achene stage have higher bioactive compounds and enhanced antioxidant capacity. These findings provide insights into spatial and temporal characteristics of metabolites in Tartary buckwheat achenes and serve as a theoretical guide for selecting optimal resources for food production., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no known financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The detection of heavy metals in tea infusions is important because of the potential health risks associated with their consumption. Existing highly sensitive detection methods pose challenges because they are complicated and time-consuming. In this study, we developed an innovative and simple method using Ag nanoparticles-modified resin (AgNPs-MR) for pre-enrichment prior to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the simultaneous analysis of Cr (III), Cu (II), and Pb (II) in tea infusions. Signal enhancement using AgNPs-MR resulted in amplification with limits of detection of 0.22 μg L -1 for Cr (III), 0.33 μg L -1 for Cu (II), and 1.25 μg L -1 for Pb (II). Quantitative analyses of these ions in infusions of black tea from various brands yielded recoveries ranging from 83.3% to 114.5%. This method is effective as a direct and highly sensitive technique for precisely quantifying trace concentrations of heavy metals in tea infusions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Integrating a pre-enrichment step into electrochemical detection methodologies has traditionally been employed to enhance the performance of heavy metal detection. However, this augmentation also introduces a degree of intricacy into the sensing process and increases energy consumption. In this work, Mo-doped WO 3 is grown in situ on carbon cloth by one-step electrodeposition. The electrode detect multiple heavy metal ions simultaneously in the range of 0.1-100.0 μM with LODs ranging from 11.2 to 17.1 nM. The electrode successfully detected heavy metal ions in diverse food samples. This pioneering detection strategy realized the direct and simultaneous detection of multiple heavy metal ions by utilizing the valence property of WO 3 and oxygen vacancies generated by molybdenum doping. The Mo-WO 3 /CC pre-enrichment-free detection electrode boasts straightforward preparation, a streamlined detection procedure, swift response kinetics, and superior performance relative to previously reported electrodes, which makes it possible to develop a portable heavy metal ion detection device., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The rice glutelin (RG), the separated retentate (RGFs) and filtrate (FGFs) fractions from total glutelin fibrils (TGFs) at pH 3.5 were used as carrier for curcumin in this test. The solubility and antioxidant activities of curcumin were improved after binding with protein and fibrils. Compared to other complexes, the RGFs-curcumin complex exhibited a highest curcumin solubility (48.05%) and a superior sustained release property, probably owing to the stable hydrogen bond between the surface groups of fibrils and hydroxyl groups of polyphenols. In addition, thermodynamic parameters revealed that the RG/TGFs/RGFs-curcumin complexes were stabilized by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, whereas FGFs interacted with curcumin through specific electrostatic interaction. Besides, after interacting with curcumin, the fibrils gathered into coarsened and agglutinated fibrillar aggregates, relating to the increment of a-helix and β-sheet structure. These results suggested that RGFs could be a good alternative for curcumin delivery in food industry., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing financial interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this study, octenyl succinylated starch (OSAS)-soy protein (SP)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) complexes were designed to enhance the physical and oxidative stability of α-linolenic acid emulsions. Formations of OSAS-SP-EGCG complexes were confirmed via particle size, ξ-potential, together with fourier transform infrared (FTIR). A mixing ratio of 1:2 for OSAS to SP-EGCG resulted in ternary complexes with the highest contact angle (59.69°), indicating the hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the characteristics of α-linolenic acid emulsions (oil phase volume fractions (φ) of 10% and 20%) stabilized by OSAS-SP-EGCG complexes were investigated, including particle size, ξ-potential, emulsion stability, oxidative stability, and microstructure. These results revealed exceptional physical stability together with enhanced oxidative stability for these emulsions. Particularly, emulsions utilizing complexes having a 1:2 OSAS to SP-EGCG ratio exhibited superior emulsion stability. These findings provide theoretical support to the development of emulsions containing high levels of α-linolenic acid and for the broader application of α-linolenic acid in food products., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this study, litchi polysaccharides were obtained from unfermented or fermented pulp by Lactobacillus fermentum (denoted as LP and LPF, respectively). The differences between LP and LPF in the colonic fermentation characteristics and modulatory of gut microbiota growth and metabolism were investigated with an in vitro fecal fermentation model. Results revealed that the strategies of gut bacteria metabolizing LP and LPF were different and LPF with lower molecular weight (Mw) was readily utilized by bacteria. The monosaccharide utilization sequence of each polysaccharide was Ara > Gla > GalA > GlcA ≈ Glu ≈ Man. Moreover, LPF promoted stronger proliferation of Bifidobacterium, Megamonas, Prevotella, and Bacteroides and higher SCFAs production (especially acetic and butyric acids) than LP. Correlation analysis further revealed that Mw could represent an essential structural feature of polysaccharides associated with its microbiota-regulating effect. Overall, Lactobacillus fermentation pre-treatment of litchi pulp promoted the fermentation characteristics and prebiotic activities of its polysaccharide., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The improvement effects of Lentinus edodes powder (LEP) marination with different concentrations (0, 6-14 %) on physicochemical, oxidative and flavor quality of chicken patties were evaluated. Greater pH, redness, yellowness, water holding capacity and their strong correlations were observed in LEP-marinated samples. Changed water distribution, inhibited lipid oxidation and enhanced protein oxidation occurred through LEP marination. The highest gel strength and resilience and the lowest hardness and chewiness were obtained in 10 % LEP-marinated sample. Meanwhile, taste activity values of amino acids and saltiness peaked and umami rose in this sample. 124 volatiles were detected and 16 compounds were simultaneously detected by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hexanal, 1,2,4-trithiolane and 1-hexanol were considered as the key differential aroma-active compounds according to odor activity values and chemometric analysis. This study confirmed LEP as a prospective ingredient to improve the quality of meat products., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In the present study, we hypothesised that Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein isolate (TPI) obtained by different extraction methods have distinct structure, functional attributes and volatile profiles. Alkaline-extracted isolate (AE-TPI) exhibited lower protein content and a darker colour than the other two isolates because more polyphenols and pigments were coextracted. Salt-extracted isolate (SE-TPI) and AE-TPI had higher in vitro protein digestibility than reverse micelle-extracted isolate (RME-TPI) due to higher degrees of denaturation, which enabled them to be more susceptible to proteolysis. The SE-TPI gel resulted in a stronger gel network and greater hardness than the other two isolate gels. In the volatile profile, SE-TPI (22) yielded the largest number of volatile compounds, followed by AE-TPI (20) and RME-TPI (15). The current results indicated that the structure, functional properties and volatile profiles of TPI are largely influenced by the extraction technique., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Food crops provide a good selenium (Se) source for Se-deficient populations. This study assessed how boiling affects Se concentration, speciation, and bioaccessibility in common food crops to determine human Se intake. Boiling rice resulted in an 11.9% decrease in minimum Se content, while sorghum experienced a maximum (34.9%) reduction. Boiled vegetables showed a 21% - 40% Se loss. Cereals showed notable decreases in selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (SeCys 2 ), while most vegetables exhibited a significant reduction in Se-methylselenocysteine (SeMeCys). Boiling significantly reduced the Se bioaccessibility in all food crops, except cabbage and potato. Cereal crops were more efficacious in meeting the recommended daily intake (RDI) of Se compared to vegetables. Rice exceeds other crops and provides up to 39.2% of the WHO/FAO-recommended target minimum daily intake of 60 μg/day. This study provides insight into a substantial dissonance between the estimated daily intake (EDI) of Se and the bioaccessible Se in both raw and boiled crops. Consequently, revising EDI standards is imperative., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

HPLC-UV analysis was used to evaluate the enzymatic degradation characteristics of tyrosol acyl esters (TYr-Es) and alkyl gallates (A-GAs). Among various hydrolytic enzymes, TYr-Es can be hydrolyzed by pancrelipase, while A-GAs cannot be hydrolyzed by pancrelipase. Interestingly, carboxylesterase-1b (CES-1b), carboxylesterase-1c (CES-1c) and carboxylesterase-2 (CES-2) are able to hydrolyze TYr-Es and A-GAs, and thus to liberate tyrosol (TYr) and gallic acid (GA). By contrast, the degrees of hydrolysis (DHs) of TYr-Es and A-GAs by CES-1b and CES-1c were significantly higher than those by CES-2. Meanwhile, the DHs of TYr-Es were much higher than those of A-GAs. Especially, the DHs firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing alkyl chain length. Besides, DHs positively correlated with the unsaturation degree at the same chain length. Through regulating carbon length, unsaturation degree and the ester bond structure, controlled-release of phenolic compounds and fatty acids (or fatty alcohols) from phenolic esters will be easily achieved., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Metal ions have been considered as an important factor on fibrils assembly. Herein, a comprehensive analysis of specific ions effect on fibril formation and structural changes was investigated. The addition of ions (except Zn 2+ ) accelerated the aggregation kinetics of rice glutelin fibrils (RGFs) from 0.93 to 1.28-2.19 h -1 . In addition, the fibrillization rate followed the order of NH 4 + > Li + > Na + > K + > Cu 2+ > Mg 2+ > Ca 2+ > Zn 2+ . The highest yield and length of fibrils were observed with Ca 2+ , probably due to the ionic bridging effect and hydrated capacity of Ca 2+ . However, Cu 2+ reduced the fibrils yield, which was attributable to the fact that Cu 2+ disrupted β-sheet structure and inhibited the transition of monomer to fibrils. The polymorphism of fibrils was observed with different salts, and the light metals presented a superior effect on fibrils formation than heavy metals. Overall, this work will provide a further information into how to tune the structure of RGFs using various ions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Low temperatures significantly impact on rice (Oryza sativa) yield and quality. Traditional metabolomic techniques, often involving time-consuming chromatography-mass spectrometry procedures, are currently in use. This study investigated metabolomic responses of rice seedlings under low-temperature stress using nanoliter electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS) in combination with multivariate analysis. Results revealed distinct metabolic profiles in 'Qiutianxiaoting' (japonica) and '93-11' (indica) rice seedlings. Among the 36 identified compounds in rice, seven key metabolites, comprising l-glutamic acid, asparagine, tryptophan, citric acid, α-linolenic acid, malic acid, and inositol, were identified as responsive to cold stress. Notably, malic acid content reached 1332.40 μg/g dry weight in Qiutianxiaoting and 1444.13 μg/g in 93-11. Both the qualitative and quantitative results of nanoESI-MS were further confirmed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry validation. The findings highlight the potential of nanoESI-MS for rapidly characterizing crucial metabolites across diverse plant species under exposure to stress., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Soy sauce-based marinade beef (SSMB) is a traditional Chinese cuisine with a unique flavor. However, pre-precooling and air-cooling tunnels are necessary industrial units in the cold chain for flavor dissipation. Sensory-directed flavor analysis was performed to identify the key aroma-active compounds in SSMB that had just completed (100 ℃), pre-cooled in the brine tanks (45 ℃), and exited the air-cooleded tunnel (10 ℃). We identified 110 aroma-active substances, of which 42 were quantified based on their high flavor dilution factors. Recombination and omission tests identified 29 odorants as the main aroma-active molecules. Additionally, the flavor matrix revealed the relationship between the aroma component expression and sensory attributes. Flavor substances derived from spices, such as eugenol, anethole, and linalool, are enriched during the pre-cooling stage. The different meat attributes of the three samples were primarily related to aldehydes generated from lipid oxidation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Among the varieties of royal jelly (RJ), often referred to as "liquid gold", rape royal jelly (RRJ) is popular because of its superior nutritional value. However, existing physicochemical indicators fall short in identifying different types of RJ. Utilizing a UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS technique combined with metabolomics, this study was the first to identify S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) in RRJ, thereby it from other types of RJ. Subsequent to this observation, a method based on UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS, was developed and optimized for precise SMCSO quantification in RRJ, achieving a detection range of 77.55-112.68 mg/kg. Furthermore, an analysis of honey and bee bread harvested from the same batch of rape plants confirmed the presence of SMCSO, with the highest concentration detected in rape bee bread. In light of these findings, SMCSO emerges as a potent authenticity marker for RRJ., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This research focuses on the development of a highly efficient electrocatalyst, Cu x O/NPC@Co 3 O 4 /NPC-10-7, for detecting glucose and ascorbic acid. In a 0.1 M NaOH solution, the modified electrode exhibits a sensitivity of 3314.29 μA mM -1 cm -2 for glucose detection. The linear range for ascorbic acid sensing is 0.5 μM - 23.332 mM, with a detection limit as low as 0.24 μM. In a 0.1 M PBS solution, the linear range for ascorbic acid detection extends to 43.328 mM, which represents the best performance reported to date by chronoamperometry. Moreover, the electrode demonstrates high accuracy, with a recovery rate of 96.80 % - 103.60 % for glucose detection and a recovery rate of 95.25 % - 104.83 % for ascorbic acid detection. These results suggest that the Cu x O/NPC@Co 3 O 4 /NPC-10-7 modified electrode shows significant potential for practical applications in food detection., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The metabolic characteristics of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides J18, which is mainly responsible for kimchi fermentation, on various carbon sources were investigated through carbon utilization, metabolite, and transcriptome analyses at different culture conditions (10 and 30 °C with/without 2.5% NaCl). The metabolic features of strain J18 were relatively similar across the four culture conditions. However, the metabolic characteristics of strain J18 showed significant variations depending on the carbon source. These distinct metabolic traits of strain J18 on various carbon sources were validated through transcriptomic analyses and the reconstruction of metabolic pathways. The transcriptional expression of the metabolic pathways in response to each carbon source consistently correlated with the production profiles of metabolites, including ethanol, acetoin, diacetyl, and riboflavin, in each carbon source. Our findings suggests that the abundance of Leu. mesenteroides during fermentation and the taste and flavor of fermented food products can be controlled by altering the carbon sources., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Phenolic esters are considered as promising functional food ingredients. However, their digestion, absorption and metabolism are still unclear. Tyrosol acyl esters (TYr-Es), hydroxytyrosol acyl esters (HTy-Es) and alkyl gallates (A-GAs) were hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase in plasma and exhibited slow release of polyphenols (phenolic acids). In vitro hydrolysis degrees initially increased and then decreased with the increasing carbon chain length (C2-C16). TYr-Es exhibited higher hydrolysis degrees compared to HTy-Es, and hydrolysis degrees of TYr-Es and HTy-Es were markedly higher than those of A-GAs. Due to the fast hydrolysis rates of TYr-Es and HTy-Es, they were undetectable in all rat plasma samples collected at several times within 24 h after administration. Whereas, A-GAs could be detected in rat plasmas and three absorption peaks were found in the pharmacokinetic profiles. Importantly, the T 1/2 , MRT, AUC 0-∞ , AUC 0-t in octyl gallate group were longer (or stronger) than those in propyl gallate and dodecyl gallate groups., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

(E)-2-hexenal fumigation inhibits the growth of Botrytis. cinerea, but the direct target and its effect on postharvest strawberry have not yet been discovered. In the present study, we applied increasing level of (E)-2-hexenal fumigation from 0.524 μM to 1048 μM to B. cinerea on strawberry and medium. Results showed that (E)-2-hexenal fumigation inhibited lesion diameter on strawberry by 13.96 %, 20.41 % and 100 % with the dosage increasing. On medium, (E)-2-hexenal fumigation increased both the ROS and mitochondria membrane potential level of B. cinerea. LC-MS/MS and FTIR results demonstrate a 1:1 Michael addition reaction between (E)-2-hexenal and glutathione with the product GSH-H in B. cinerea under (E)-2-hexenal fumigation. Furthermore, the consumption of glutathione and glutathione disulfide along with the production of GSH-H during fumigation in B. cinerea caused by (E)-2-hexenal were both concentration- and time-dependent. This study locates the direct target and discovered the functional model of (E)-2-hexenal to B. cinerea., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The consumption of noodles with a high glycemic index (GI) can affect health, prompting the need for dietary adjustments to manage abnormal blood glucose levels. This review delves into recent progress in low GI noodles and their potential effect for human well-being. Diverse approaches, encompassing the incorporation of soluble dietary fiber, modified starches, proteins, and plant polyphenols, have shown encouraging outcomes in diminishing the GI of noodles. Furthermore, variations in processing, storage, and cooking techniques can influence the GI of noodles, yielding both positive and negative impacts on their glycemic response. Soluble dietary fiber, protein cross-linkers, and plant polyphenols play a pivotal role in reducing the GI of noodles by hindering the interaction between digestive enzymes and starch, thereby curbing enzymatic activity. Future research spotlighting ingredients, processing methodologies, and the underlying mechanisms of low GI noodles will contribute substantively to the development of functional foods boosting enhanced nutritional profiles., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Sodium chloride (NaCl) confers a unique flavor and quality in meat products, however, due to growing concerns about the adverse effects of excessive NaCl consumption, how to reduce NaCl content while ensuring quality and safety has become a research hotspot in this field. This review mainly discusses the role of NaCl in dry-cured meat, as well as novel salt-reducing substances that can substitute for the effects of NaCl to achieve sodium reduction objectives. New technologies, such as vacuum curing, ultrahigh pressure curing, ultrasonic curing, pulsed electric field curing, and gamma irradiation, to facilitate the development of low-sodium products are also introduced. The majority of current salt reduction technologies function to enhance salt diffusion and decrease curing time, resulting in a decrease in NaCl content. Notably, future studies should focus on implementing multiple strategies to compensate for the deficiencies in flavor and safety caused by NaCl reduction., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this work, we propose a blossom-like Ni, Co bimetallic metal-organic framework (NiCo-MOF) synthesized hydrothermally and decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via chemical reduction for electrochemical enzyme-free glucose sensing. The NiCo-MOF nanostructures had large specific surface area and good sensing performance. The AgNPs enhanced the electrochemical performance of the MOF, resulting in excellent electrochemical activity. The sensor exhibited sensitivities of 1191.84 and 271.19 μA mM -1 cm -2 in the linear ranges of 0.005-1.125 and 1.525-5.325 mM, respectively, with a detection limit of 2.3 μM. The sensor was successfully applied for glucose determination in Huangshui (HS) using an artificial neural network as machine learning (ML) model. The R 2 value near 1, low RMSE, and high RPD values of the proposed ML model demonstrate its excellent fitting and prediction performance. This will provide a fast and portable intelligent sensing analysis technology for the detection of glucose in HS., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Protein-polyphenol colloidal particles are promising stabilizers for high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs). However, the relationship between the structure of the polyphenols and its ability to stabilize HIPPEs has not been studied thus far. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-polyphenols (B-P) complexes were prepared, and their ability to stabilize HIPPEs was investigated. The polyphenols were bound to BSA via non-covalent interactions. Optically isomeric polyphenols formed similar bonds with BSA, whereas a greater number of trihydroxybenzoyl groups or hydroxyl groups in the dihydroxyphenyl moieties of polyphenols increased the B-P interactions. Polyphenols also reduced the interfacial tension and enhanced the wettability at the oil-water interface. The HIPPE stabilized by BSA-tannic acid complex exhibited the highest stability among the B-P complexes and resisted demixing and aggregation during centrifugation. This study promotes the potential applications of polyphenol-protein colloidal particles-stabilized HIPPEs in the food industry., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)