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• Synthesis and nutritional outcomes of OPL are reviewed. • O-L-L, O-M-L, O-P-L are differential TAGs between China and other countries. • Only acidolysis has been used for the synthesis of OPL. • Secondary-feeding acidolysis has great application prospects for OPL synthesis. • Compared to OPO, dietary OPL is associated with increased adipogenesis. Based on multivariate statistics, this review compared major triacylglycerols (TAGs) in animal milk and human milk fat from China and other countries. Human milk fat differs from animal milk fat in that it has longer acyl chains and higher concentrations of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (O-P-O) and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (O-P-L). O-P-L is a significant and distinct TAG in human milk fat, particularly in China. 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL) is human milk's major triglyceride molecule of O-P-L, accounting for more than 70%. As a result, OPL has piqued the interest of Chinese academics. The synthesis process and nutritional outcomes of OPL have been studied, including changes in gut microbiota, serum lipid composition, improved fatty acid and calcium absorption, and increased total bile acid levels. However, current OPL research is limited. Therefore, this review discussed enzymatic preparation of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (OPO) and OPL and their nutritional and physiological activity to direct future research direction for sn -2 palmitate and OPL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Lipid differences between yak colostrum (YC) and mature milk (YM) were analyzed. • A total of 851 lipid species from 28 lipid subclasses were identified. • Forty-three significantly different lipids (SDLs) between YC and YM were screened. • These SDLs were mainly enriched in the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway. • Lipid species information for GLs, STs, GPs, SPs, and FAs in YC and YM was added. Yak milk is essential to maintain the normal physiological functions of herders in Tibetan areas of China. However, the lipid components of yak colostrum (YC) and mature milk (YM) have not been systematically studied. We employed a quantitative lipidomics to comprehensively describe the alterations in the milk lipid profile of lactating yaks. Herein, totally 851 lipids from 28 lipid subclasses in YC and YM were identified and screened for 43 significantly different lipids (SDLs; variable importance in projection > 1, fold change < 0.5 or > 2 with P < 0.05), with cholesterol ester (CE, 16:0) and triacylglycerol (TAG, 54:6 (20:5), 50:1 (16:0), 56:6 (20:5)) were the potential lipid biomarkers. Fourteen SDLs were modulated downwards, and 29 SDLs were modulated upwards in YM. Moreover, by analyzing lipid metabolic pathways in these SDLs, glycerophospholipid metabolism was the most critical. Our results furnish integral lipid details for evaluating yak milk's nutritional quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Environment factors profoundly influence the lipid profiles of oyster from distinct sea areas. • Lipidomics strategy is a feasible tool for the discrimination of oyster based on lipid characters. • Oyster from SCS was abundant in nutritional components of sphingolipids. • This study provided new insights into the nutrition and scientific consumption of oysters. The present study sought to analyze the lipid profiles of oyster Crassostrea gigas from Yellow Sea (YS), East China Sea, and South China Sea (SCS) through the untargeted lipidomics strategy based on UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry and multivariate statistics. The results elucidated that geographical differences had profound effects on the lipid content, composition, and lipid molecular profiles. Notably, oysters from the YS group contained the highest lipid content, including triacylglycerol, diacylglycerols, and the majority of phospholipid molecule species, while oysters from the ECS group contained most of the phosphatidylcholine species and the SCS group contained most of the sphingolipid species. Totally, 1155 lipid molecular species belonging to 21 subclasses were identified; of them, 45 lipid molecular species could serve as differential marker for lipid of oysters from different sea areas. Overall, lipidomics could be a potential approach for discrimination of lipid characters between marine shellfishes for geographical origin traceability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The proximate composition and fatty acids profiles of the muscle tissues of nine fish species that are popular on the Polish market were examined. The nine studied fish species were: Baltic fish (cod, herring, salmon), fish farmed in Poland (carp, trout), oceanic fish imported from China (walleye pollock, sole), and farmed fish imported from Vietnam and China (sutchi catfish, tilapia). The lowest lipid content (below 0.1%) was noted in the muscle tissues of Baltic cod and walleye pollock caught in the Pacific. The muscle tissue of walleye pollock also had the lowest protein content (12.2±2.0%). The highest lipid content was noted in the muscle tissues of Baltic salmon (13.1±2.4%). The highest percentage content of eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 n −3 – EPA) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6 n −3 – DHA) acids (over 40%) was noted in the fat extracted from the oceanic fish and Baltic cod. However, due to the low fat content, the concentrations of EPA+DHA in these fish species and in imported farmed fish expressed in mg/100g of muscle tissues are the lowest and range on average from 24.8±5.7mg/100g (sutchi catfish) to 207.4±125.4mg/100g (sole). This is why the consumption of these fish species has no significant meaning for coronary heart disease prevention. Consumers with symptoms of cardiovascular diseases should include the following fish species, which have high concentrations of EPA+DHA: Baltic salmon (3807.2±666.3mg/100g); Polish farmed trout (1804.0±279.2mg/100g); and Baltic herring (940.9±306.6mg/100g) in their diets. However, the consumption of Baltic salmon must be limited on account of the levels of persistent organic pollutants found in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, sea urchins Anthocidaris crassispina, Diadema setosum and Salmacis sphaeroides inhabiting the coastal area of Hong Kong were collected and their gonadal biochemical compositions determined and compared for the first time. The proximate nutritional composition of all species exhibited an order of lipid>protein>carbohydrate. Neutral lipid was the major lipid constituent, accounting for over 80% of the total lipid. The major fatty acids in neutral lipid fraction of the three urchins were C14:0, C16:0, C16:1 (n-7), C18:1 (n-7) and C20:5 (n-3), whereas those in the polar lipid fraction were C16:0, C16:4 (n-4), C20:4 (n-6) and C20:5 (n-3). The dominant carotenoid was echinenone, which accounted for 81.7%, 56.7% and 68.5% of the total carotenoids in A. crassispina, D. setosum and S. sphaeroides, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]