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Paper is a material that is used in many areas of everyday life. The development of paper with special and environmentally friendly properties will contribute to it being used differently than before. In this work, we present a simple, fluorine-free and low-cost method to prepare a multifunctional paper coating with TiO2 nanoparticles modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The effects of the content of precursors such as titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) and PDMS on the wettability, microstructure and durability of the coating were investigated. The result showed that the coated paper exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties with a water contact angle (WCA) of 162.7° and a water sliding angle (WSA) of 2.5°. In addition, the coated paper showed excellent oil/water separation with over 98% after 10 test cycles and high mechanical resistance with an abrasion resistance of 0.26% weight loss after 20 abrasion cycles using the Taber abrasion test (ASTM D4060) with wheel type CS-10. The results of this study indicate a possible method for producing fluorine-free multifunctional paper, which has the potential to expand the application versatility of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the hydrophilic nature of paper mulch, it is easy to absorb water during use, which will reduce its mechanical properties and durability, thus affecting its performance. Therefore, the development of paper mulch is hindered. In this paper, in order to improve the hydrophobic performance of paper mulch, we successfully prepared superhydrophobic silicon dioxide/paper mulch by simple, efficient and environmentally friendly solution immersion method without the introduction of adhesive. The contact Angle and rolling Angle between the prepared super hydrophobic paper mulch and water are 156.4° and 1.8°, respectively. The water drop is easy to roll on its surface, and has excellent water drop bouncing performance, which can play an excellent water-repellent function. Studies have shown that the superhydrophobicity of silicon dioxide/paper mulch is less affected by its surface roughness, mainly because the surface covered by a layer of silicon dioxide reduces the surface energy of the paper mulch, and the silicon dioxide on the surface of the paper mulch is enough to reduce the damage of aging on the paper mulch. In addition, the decrease in the contact angle of the SiO2/paper mulch and the increase in the rolling angle after aging are due to the decrease in the amount of SiO2 adhesion on the surface of the paper mulch and the increase in the degree of exposure of fiber bundles. Studies have found that the superhydrophobic paper mulch can reduce the influence of its own aging on its rolling angle after being subjected to friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based material is receiving more and more attention as an alternative of plastics in flexible electronics. However, conventional paper made of cellulose fibers is opaque owing to its micron-sized void space among fibers. Herein, cellulose fiber paper was changed into transparent paper by sequentially coating cationic cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The morphology, transparency, thermal and mechanical properties were analyzed. The results show that the coating of CNFs reduces the micron-sized void space in the cellulose fiber paper, favoring the further improvement on the transparency of paper by coating PVP. By optimizing the coating amount of CNFs and PVP, a transparent paper with a transmittance of 88.5 % at 550 nm is obtained. The as-prepared transparent paper also shows improved thermal stability, slightly increased tensile strength and significantly enhanced deformation resistance. It was a potential candidate of flexible electronic substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new homobifunctional triazine reactive dyes, derivatives of H acid and anthraquinone, containing a fragment of 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid have been synthesized. They and their dichlorotriazine dye intermediates were evaluated for applicability on textiles and paper. The degree of exhaustion and fixation of the dyes and the fastness properties of dyed cotton samples of washing, acidic and alkaline perspiration, dry and wet rubbing, and light fastness were assessed. Offset printing paper composition, consisting of bleached softwood and hardwood cellulose fibers in a ratio of 1:1, was dyed with the investigated reactive dyes. The hydrophobicity of the paper was increased by the addition of alkyl ketene dimer. Natural calcium carbonate was used as a filler. The main mechanical and hydrophobic properties of the dyed papers were examined. The color coordinates of the examined paper and textile samples were determined using the CIE Lab color space. The photostability of the dyes in water solution was studied. It was found that the introduction of a fragment of 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid in the dye molecule increases the photostability by 10%. As a conclusion of the studies, it was found that both reactive dyes could have applications in textile and paper production. Better results were obtained for the homobifunctional triazine reactive dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was performed to utilize Pencil Lead Drawn Paper Sensor (PLDPS) as a strain and damage sensor by drawing multiply Pencil Sensors on two paper types. To evaluate the optimal paper as a PLDPS substrate of two type papers, i.e., plain and Han papers were used. The stability and uniformity of the mechanical properties, were compared for the paper types. Variability of electrical resistivity (ER) was also determined using four different types of pencil lead to make the PLDPS. In the evaluation of the properties of the PLDPS, for the different pencil lead types, the pencil lead weight was determined by drawing multiple lines and the ER of neat pencil leads and PLDPS compared. Interfacial properties of the PLDPS with different pencil lead types were measured by a spreading test, which provides information on wetting and permeability properties, using double distilled water. The sensitivity and uniformity of the pencil lead paper sensors made of four different pencil leads were compared in tensile loading. Plain paper was more suitable than Han Paper for use as the substrate of PLDPS. In addition, compared to other pencil leads, 6B, which exhibited low sensitivity but high uniformity, was determined to be the most suitable pencil lead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new orange homobifunctional triazine reactive dye was synthesized, using the dichlorotriazine reactive dye with the same chromophore. The homobifunctional and dichlorotriazine dyes were evaluated on textile and paper. The degree of exhaustion, fixation, and the fastness properties of dyed cotton samples of washing, acidic and alkaline perspiration, dry and wet rubbing were assessed. Dyes were used in the composition of offset printing paper with a fiber content of bleached softwood and hardwood pulp in a ratio of 1:1. The paper was sized with alkyl ketene dimer and natural calcium carbonate was used as a filler. The main strength and hydrophobic properties of the dyed papers were examined. The optical properties — L*, a*, b*, C*, and h* from the CIE Lab color space of the resulting paper and textile samples have been examined. As a result of the studies carried out it was found out that with both reactive dyes, paper and textile samples with similar color shades, uniform coloring, and stable color were obtained. With respect to the complex of the examined strength, capillary, and optical properties, better results were obtained with homobifunctional reactive triazine dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon fiber paper (CP) was prepared by wet forming technology, and liquid-phase polypyrrole/carbon fiber paper matrix composites (LPPY/CF) and gas-phase polypyrrole/carbon fiber paper matrix composites (GPPY/CF) were prepared by liquid-phase polymerization and gas-phase polymerization on CP, respectively. Then the effects of dopant, oxidant and solubility of pyrrole (PY) on the resistivity of LPPY/CF and the solubility of ferric trichloride (FeCl3) on the resistivity of GPPY/CF were discussed. Finally, the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of CP, LPPY/CF and GPPY/CF were compared. The results show that: when ammonium persulfate (APS) and sodium anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) are used as oxidant and dopant, respectively, and pyrrole concentration is 0.75 mol/L, the resistivity of LPPY/CF is as low as 0.152Ω·cm; and when the solubility of FeCl3 is 1.2 mol/L, the resistivity of GPPY/CF is as low as 0.139Ω·cm. Compared with CP, not only the resistivity of LPPY/CF and GPPY/CF decreased significantly, but also the mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, electrical conductivity and heating properties increased significantly. Compared with LPPY/CF, GPPY/CF not only has lower resistivity, but also has better mechanical properties and heating uniformity. However, due to the easy corrosion of PPY, GPPY/CF has poor long-term energy storage capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of new coloring materials in nanoscale based on 5-(2-aminothiazol-5-yl) thiazol-2-amine and 5-(4-aminophenyl) thiazol-2-amine were synthesized. The nanoscale pigments were prepared using a grinding high˗energy ball-milling technique. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were employed to determine the particle size of the nanoscale pigments (40–80 nm). The synthesized pigments in normal and nanoscale were applied in the printing of polyester fabrics. The fastness and colorimetric properties of the printed samples were carefully studied. Additionally, the synthesized pigments were applied as water-based flexographic ink for paper and carton. The hue of the color pigments L*, a*, b*, glossiness, and fastness to light were measured. The comparison of the new heterocyclic benzidine analogs in normal and nanoscale with commercial benzidine pigments demonstrated better results, particularly for the nanoscale pigments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the accuracy of color reproduction for camouflage printing, a new color matching method, named monitor-paper-fabric, was proposed by importing color management into textiles, which matched the printing pastes according to the color of the paper card printed by the ink-jet printer after color management. Not like the traditional color matching method, it matched the printing pastes according to the color from computer monitor after color correction. Two color matching methods were analyzed by comparing the color difference. It was found that the "monitor-paper-fabric" color matching method could be considered as a convenient and feasible color matching method. Most color differences between the monitor and the fabric in the camouflage pattern were reduced to lower than 4, except for color blocks 5 and 6. In addition, the color differences of six color blocks between the paper and the fabric were all less than 3.5, and were lower than those between the monitor and the fabric. The color consistency between the paper and the fabric was better than that between the monitor and the fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermo-responsive poly( N-isopropylacryl-amide) (PNIPAM), was grafted from cellulose paper via activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP). Six solvents with different polarities, including water, methanol, isopropanol, anisole, and methanol/HO, isopropanol/HO mixed solvents, were utilized to perform the grafting polymerization. The results suggested that solvent system with moderate polarity was favored to ensure successful polymerization as well as avoid the destruction of the structure of virgin paper. Modified papers with various grafting ratios were achieved by changing the reaction solvent. Compared to lump-sum addition of excess reducing agent, intermittent addition of reducing agent during the reaction process made the polymerization rate more controllable. ATRFTIR and SEM characterization indicated the successful grafting of PNIPAM from the paper surface. Water contact angle measurements revealed that the polymer-grafted papers were thermo-responsive, presenting reversible switching in wettability with the change of temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain paper respirator with dust resistance performance and antibacterial property, silk photo-catalytic respirator paper was made by loading nano-TiO photo-catalyst on silk based respirator paper. The pore structure, surface topography and TiO distribution, and the filtration performance of silk respirator paper were studied by using a pore size meter (PSM), a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and a filter tester, respectively. In addition, the antibacterial property of silk respirator paper was also investigated. The results showed that the pore structure and filtration performance of silk respirator paper could be controlled by changing the degree of beating of silk pulp and the basis weight of silk paper. Silk respirator paper of 45 g/m made from silk pulp having beating degree of 85 SR had high filtration efficiency and appropriate filtration resistance. Nano-TiO particles were mainly attached to the surface of silk paper, and the loading of nano-TiO photo-catalyst resulted in a slight decrease in filtration resistance and filtration efficiency of silk respirator paper. It, however, improved the antibacterial property of silk respirator paper effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive overgrowth of an invasive alien plant like Japanese knotweed is an ecological problem that threatens the ecosystem and reduces biodiversity. However, it can be potentially used for various beneficial purposes, e.g. for the production of paper or natural dyes, as a renewable and sustainable resource. In our research, the orange extract of the Japanese knotweed rhizome was used as a natural dye for the formulation of screen printing inks. The prepared printing inks with different dye concentrations were printed by flat screen printing technique on two papers made of Japanese knotweed stem and on two commercial papers as well as on cotton and polyester fabrics. The color of the prints was evaluated spectrophotometrically and the fastness of the printing inks on different printing materials was analyzed. The research results confirmed the usefulness of the natural dye derived from the Japanese knotweed rhizome for printing, especially on papers whose prints showed very good rub resistance. However, its application for printing on textiles is limited due to its lower fastness to wet treatments such as washing, wet rubbing, and wet ironing. The natural dye is resistant to fading under the influence of light, but its color becomes darker. When exposed to light, yellow prints darken to orange-brown prints, which are more pronounced at higher dye concentrations; however, this could be an interesting effect on printed products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surrounding environment is largely contaminated with phenols, and consequently qualitative and quantitative determination of phenols in water is of interest. In the current report, a low cost, naked-eye, portable and disposable cellulosic strips-based sensor was fabricated to detect phenols in aqueous media. The cellulosic filter paper was molecularly imprinted with Fe(III) to prepare strips sensor of Fe(III)-imprinted filter paper. The prepared strips were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The sensitivity performance of Fe(III)-imprinted filter paper strips was monitored for a series of phenolic compounds. The colorimetric detection of gallic acid was selectively studied herein due to its greatest sensibility. The chromogenic Fe(III)-imprinted filter paper strips provided an instant color shift from yellow to purple upon binding to Gallic acid in an aqueous environment, as visually noted and instrumentally detected by absorption spectral and coloration measurements. The change in color of strips attributing to sensing of Gallic acid was readout at quite low limit (0.1 ppb). This sensor performance was rationalized on formation of coordination complex between phenol and Fe+3. The facile fabricated molecularly imprintedfilter paper strips could be easily used as sensor in rapid potential for colorimetric detection of phenols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a new type of sensor that can monitor electrical signals for external stress or damage and heat transfer. It is composed of conductive pencil lead graphite, which is sensitive, affordable and easy-to-handle. This work was to detect mechanical damages in composites using Pencil Lead Drawn Paper Sensor (PLDPS). To measure electrical resistance (ER) via bending, by narrowing the distance between glass plates attached with PLDPD, ER increased stepwise while ER decreased with widening the distance reversely. The PLDPS can easily change the shape in a rectangular vortex. ER change responded well in tensile and flexural tests, while it showed leveling off under cyclic compression. Two-dimensional ER mapping was used during impact, drilling and heat transfer tests for detecting damage and thermal transfer. Compared to strain gauges, PLDPS can be applied inexpensively to detect damages successfully under various mechanical tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silk mask paper with different adsorbability was prepared by changing the beating degree of silk pulp and the basis weight of silk paper, and photocatalytic silk mask paper was prepared by loading nanometer titanium dioxide (nano-TiO) on the silk mask paper, then degradation of formaldehyde by silk mask paper loading nano-TiO under daylight lamps and ultraviolet lamps were investigated, respectively. Results showed that silk mask paper could adsorb formaldehyde and had higher adsorption efficiency in the initial stage, and the adsorption/desorption equilibrium could be basically achieved in 60 minutes. The adsorption capacity of silk mask paper made from silk pulp with beating degree of 45 SR was relatively low, and it increased with the increase of beating degree, but there was little change in adsorption when the beating degree of silk pulp exceeded 65 SR. Under daylight lamps, 26.61 %, 31.42 % and 38.21 % of formaldehyde could be degraded in 180 minutes by silk mask paper loading 1 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt% nano-TiO, respectively. However, under ultraviolet (UV) lamps, 46.23 %, 55.47 % and 66.38 % of formaldehyde could be degraded within the same time, respectively. More formaldehyde could be degraded by photocatalytic silk mask paper under UV lamps than under daylight lamps, and the more the load of nano-TiO on the silk mask paper, the higher the degradation rate of formaldehyde within the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose-based water filters are an affordable alternative to remove particulate matter; however, bacteria are too small to be removed simply through size exclusion. Cellulose-based water filters prepared by layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly with polypropylene-polyethylene (PP/PE) fabric decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were tested to remove bacteria from water samples. The gallic acid reduction method was used to produce potent antibacterial AgNPs; their decoration onto PP/PE woven fabrics and the preparation of five-layered paper filters were further investigated. The use of acidic conditions for loading AgNPs and improving their spatial distribution onto the PP/PE fabrics, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy, was found to be correlated with the fabrics' antibacterial activity. The PP/PE fabrics decorated with a higher density of AgNPs (at pH 2) showed 96.7 % and 97.9 % reductions in the growth of E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Similarly, paper filters fabricated by LBL assembly of AgNP@PP/PE fabrics with cellulose filters deactivated growing E. coli and S. aureus bacteria with good efficiency: approximately 99.4 % and 98.7 %, respectively. The results indicate that fabricating water purification filters from the cellulose-based paper is feasible with LBL type assembly. The assembled paper filters could be commercialized for point-of-use water purification in the future to prevent the spread of water-borne diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of great interest for household uses, including drinking water disinfection. Although various Ag-containing materials are available, the development of low-cost, reusable, and durable systems is a challenge in water disinfection. Herein, we developed a low-cost, reusable, and durable cellulose filter paper (CFP) containing AgNPs decorated with a tannic acid (TA) and chitosan (CS) matrix (CFP-CSTAAg). The formation of CFP-CSTAAg composite was confirmed by FTIR, and XRD techniques. The formation of CSTAAg composite on CFP greatly improved the mechanical performance. CFP-CSTAAg is driven by gravity of 100 ml of a water sample containing Staphylococcus aureus for 30 min. The composite showed 99 % killing efficiency of bacteria as the bacteria cells did not pass through composite. The low-cost CFP-CSTAAg composite was reusable, providing a 98 % bacteria-killing capacity after five treatment cycles. The product's properties make reusable CFP-CSTAAg composite a promising filter for durable water disinfection as it is a low-cost material and eco-friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly photocatalytic, carbon coated nonwoven polyethylene terephthalate paper (CCPETP) is developed by using the wet-laid method for photodegradation of dye effluents from the textile wastewater treatment. The designed nonwoven PET paper is coated with Multiwall walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) catalyst coupled with cationised enzyme agent. Three different types of enzymatic coupling agents were used i.e. Lipase, Glucose oxidase, and Laccase, respectively. Enzymes are generally globular proteins, packed with amino complex N-terminals, oxygenated amines and hydroxyl atoms. The sequence of the amino acids specifies the structure which in turn determines the catalytic activity of the enzyme. The cationization of the enzyme under acidic condition (∼pH 3), detach the amino/oxygen complex structure from their core structure and encapsulate over MWCNT surface. The coupled enzyme dissipates functional oxygenated amines, pyrrolic, pyridinic, graphitic and quaternary type of nitrogen contents. The attachment of functionalized surface groups without forming any defect-rich vacancy promotes efficient charge generation and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye (MB) particulates. Besides, the suggested low-cost porous PET nonwoven paper helps to absorb a large number of dye molecules for efficient dye degradation. The excellent photocatalytic activity of the proposed thin CCPETP photocatalyst is mainly attributed to its specific coupled enzyme, high adsorbing capacity of PET paper, and low recombination of the photogenerated electrons and holes. The optimal loading content of enzyme coupled MWCNT over nonwoven PET paper decolorized ∼99.0% methylene blue (MB) dye in 100 min. The excellent dye degradation efficiency of this low-cost material is attributed its surface characteristics and high absorbing properties. The synergistic effect of cluster active sites and the functional amine/oxygen surface groups promoting the generation of OH ions for MB degradation. The fabricated nonwoven paper is expected for large industrial applications and will provide a generic route towards the fabrication of textile structured photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon fiber paper reinforced thermoplastics (CPT) have broad application prospects because of its simple production process and good mechanical properties. Currently, polyamide 6 (PA6) is a promising matrix for CPT and is widely used for mass-production. However, the performance of CPT materials in marine and harsh environments must be evaluated because of its environmental sensitivity. In this study, the seawater absorption of CPT was analyzed using Fick's diffusion law. The flexural properties of CPT in harsh and marine environments were studied by three-point bending. Based on the results, it was concluded that seawater and high temperatures have negative effects on the flexural properties of CPT. Microscopy results showed the mechanisms of failure under the action of seawater and high temperatures. Droplet test was employed to analyze the interfacial shear properties between the fiber and resin. The results showed that after seawater immersion, the interfacial shear strength had a discernable decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper studies the effect of chitosan, cationic starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as sizing agents to enhance surface properties of kenaf paper. The polymers were incorporated into the sheets by spray application. The results clearly showed that the addition of chitosan to a sheet formed from beaten fibers had excellent improvement in surface properties, compared to the effect of other additives. Sizing quality of cationic starch fairly matched with the sizing quality of chitosan, however, it was able to reduce the water absorption potential of paper more than chitosan at a same concentration. In most other properties, particularly the most important property for printing papers, surface smoothness, chitosan-sized papers are superior to the paper sized with cationic starch or PVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collagen fiber/CaCO hybrid materials were successfully prepared via in situ organic-inorganic hybrid technique. The surface morphology, hybrid mechanism, thermal and hydrothermal stability of these materials were investigated, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the size scale and distribution of CaCO particles in collagen fiber relied on the concentration of CaCl. When the CaCl was at low concentration, for example 6 wt%, the in-situ produced CaCO particles were distributed evenly around the collagen fiber, the particle size could be controlled in the range of 2-4 µm and no apparent coagulation of CaCO particles was found. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study revealed the interactions between the collagen fiber and CaCO particles. The water solubility test and TGA analysis indicated that the solubility of collagen fiber in hot water decreased significantly after hybridization with CaCO particles, whereas, the decomposition temperature was improved with increasing of the production of CaCO particles. Moreover, the hybrid materials were used in conjunction with polyurethane and CaCO powder to fabricate a novel synthetic paper. The result showed that the synthetic paper had good writing and printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the continuous textile processing, conventional padding is the most commonly used technique for fabric dyeing. Pad dyeing consumes the substantial water, energy, and harmful chemicals. Recently, foam dyeing has been reported as a sustainable alternative to the pad dyeing for cotton fabric. However, there is a lack of research on the foam dyeing of polyester fabrics. Foam dyeing of polyester fabrics would face various challenges such as dye-uptake resistance due to its hydrophobic properties, foam optimization difficulties, and desired performance achievement. For the first time, this paper evaluates the foam dyeing of the polyester fabrics using three disperse dyes. This paper performs foam dyeing of polyester fabric using three disperse dyes, two foaming agents, and two stabilizers. The foam recipes were optimized for each color, each foaming agent, and each stabilizer. The optimized foam recipes were applied on the polyester fabric samples using a foam coating machine. Performance of the resultant foam-dyed fabric was compared with the fabric dyed with conventional pad-dry-cure method. Testing of the dyed fabric parameters included shade depth, color fastness, tearing strength, and air permeability. Results exhibited the successful application of foaming recipes and competitive performance. Subsequently, foam dyeing of polyester fabrics offers substantial cost savings, water saving, and energy saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work reports new electrically conductive paper made of pineapple leaf fiber and polyaniline (PALF/PANI). The conductive paper shows remarkable preservation of mechanical properties while achieving its conductive state. Also it was found that, the amount of PANI needed to achieve the conductivity transformation is as low as 5 wt.%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybridization effect of sisal/cotton interwoven fabric backed by paper roving with jute woven material is investigated in the presence of polylactide (PLA) matrix. The biocomposites (five) were produced through varying different (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100) proportions of sisal/cotton with jute woven fabrics respectively in the laminates. After the successful reinforcements, mechanical properties were investigated in terms of tensile and flexural tests. Moreover, the water absorption, thickness swelling, and moisture content tests were also examined for assessing the physical and dimensional stability of developed hybrid composites. The water absorption and thickness swelling tests were carried out in the presence of water after 2 h and 24 h immersion. The highest mechanical properties were found in case of 100 % sisal/cotton reinforced composites whereas the lowest value was observed in case of 100 % jute fiber. The morphological views of the developed materials were also characterized using SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) to observe the surfaces before and after the tensile load. The SEM deployed EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray) linear scanning was applied to explore the presence of different chemicals in the biocomposite systems. The reinforcement effects of different fibers loading in composite systems were also tested in terms of regression analysis and found that sisal/cotton interwoven fabrics exist significant influence in the composite systems to increase the mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemicelluloses isolated from eucalyptus wood were adsorbed onto both bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp and pine kraft pulp as part of a general strategy to investigate their role on final sheet mechanics and physical properties. The tensile indices increased upon hemicelluloses addition and respectively reached a maximum at 9 mg/g and 10 mg/g hemicelluloses adsorption for bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp and pine kraft pulp, whereas the tear index increased depending on the pulp type. The air permeability and surface roughness of the bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp slightly decreased, however, brightness and opacity did not changed. SEM analysis shows that hemicelluloses adsorption increases bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp fibers interaction, whereas the effect of hemicelluloses addition on the beaten pine kraft pulp is unclear. The hemicelluloses adsorption also affected printability. It was found that print through for the bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp hand sheet slightly decreased, but for the bleached pine kraft pulp hand sheet it was unaffected. Print densities were not influenced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel cationic macromolecular emulsifier (PD emulsifier) and anionic macromolecular emulsifier (PA emulsifier) were synthesized with acrylate monomer and E-TPA (self-made molecular weight regulator), which were further used to prepare cationic sizing agent (PD-sizing agent) and anionic sizing agent (PA-sizing agent) respectively. On the other hand, E-TPA was synthesized with epoxy resin and S, S′-bis(α,α′-dimethyl-α″-acetic acid)-trithiocarbonate. Because the performance of sizing agent and macromolecular emulsifier was affected by E-TPA with epoxy resin, the critical micelle concentration, solubilization and molecular weight of the emulsifier with various E-TPA dosages were studied, while the water resistance and mechanical properties of sizing paper were further researched. The results indicate that the water resistance and mechanical strength can be enhanced with epoxy resin, under the premise that the particle size of the sizing agent is small enough. The PD-sizing agent with the PD emulsifier of which the amount of E-TPA is 11.63 wt% shows the best sizing properties with folding endurance of 19, bursting strength of 211 kPa, tensile strength of 72.77 kN/m and the water absorption (cobb) of 54.23 g/m2. The PA-sizing agent with the PA emulsifier containing 11.63 wt% of E-TPA documents the best sizing properties with tensile strength of 61.49 kN/m, folding endurance of 14, bursting strength of 185.67 kPa and the cobb of 47.88 g/m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop the new Hanji paper composite nonwovens that positively affect the antimicrobial activity, deodorization, and comfort functionality of natural materials of cotton and rayon that have high consumer preference and to manufacture new sanitary goods and facial mask sheets utilizing the hydroentanglement process. The results of the study through the evaluation analysis of functionality and properties of the composite nonwovens developed in this study are as follows. The manufactured composite nonwovens have improved functionalities of absorption velocity, antimicrobial activity, and deodorization from the base materials of C45 (Cotton (45 g/m)) and R53 (Rayon/PET (53 g/m)). Also, physical properties such as tensile strength, breaking extension, and tearing strength have improved significantly. The texture of composite nonwovens of Mulberry 70 %/Pulp 30 %(15) of Hanji paper weight 15 g/m with base material did not show a significant difference compared to the nonwovens of C45 and R53. However, the soft texture of composite nonwovens of Mulberry 70 %/Pulp 30 %(25) of Hanji paper weight 25 g/m with base material showed somewhat of a decrease compared to the nonwovens of C45 and R53. When considering the marketability, the composite nonwovens of Mulberry 70 %/Pulp 30 %+C45 and Mulberry 70 %/Pulp 30 %+R53 were estimated to be a positive development for use in female sanitary products and facial mask sheet products. These newly developed Hanji composite nonwovens could contribute to the development of high value added products that would satisfy the consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the low recognition accuracy and poor real-time performance of models in online fabric defect detection tasks, an efficient and compact fabric defect detection method, YOLOv7-tinier, is introduced in this paper. YOLOv7-tinier makes several key improvements to the YOLOv7-tiny model. First, it uses partial convolution to reconstruct the feature extraction module ELAN in the backbone network, reducing the number of parameters and extracting more diverse and hierarchical features and thus improving the detection accuracy and speed. Secondly, a new module called Dilated Spatial Pyramid Pooling Fast Cross Stage Partial Concat is proposed to replace the original Spatial Pyramid Pooling Cross Stage Partial Concat, further reducing the number of parameters and improving the computational efficiency. Finally, it introduces a convolution structure with attention mechanism SConv(Self-attentional convolution) to replace the ordinary convolution of the Neck part, and SBL and ELAN-S modules are constructed, which substantially enhances the network's detection accuracy without significantly increasing the number of parameters. Extensive comparison and ablation experiments were conducted on the real fabric defect dataset. The experimental results show that under identical conditions, YOLOv7-tinier, our proposed model, achieved a 9.55% improvement in mean Average Precision (mAP) and a 10.81% reduction in parameters compared to the baseline YOLOv7 model, while maintaining a Frames Per Second (FPS) rate of 155.27 Hz. This model can meet both the accuracy and real-time requirements of fabric defect detection in textile manufacturing environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samples of kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus) grown in Malaysia were examined to determine the kraft pulp and papermaking properties of their bast (or bark) fibers. Using kraft pulping process showed that bast fibers were relatively easy to cook resulting good pulp yields in the range of 45–51%. The bast pulp produced sheets with great density, tear index and dry zero-span breaking length. Kenaf bast fiber is considered promising for production of high-grade printing, writing and specialty papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A paper yarn is recently spotlighted as a new textile material due to its inherent excellent properties such as antibiotic, deodorant, moisture retaining, and absorbency-quick drying properties. However, its poor flexibility and low elongation cause some disadvantages of cut-off and difficulty in tension control in the knitting process. To prevent those disadvantages of the paper yarn, in this study, a production method of hybrid yarn with other synthetic filament yarn was conducted. Four types of the hybrid yarn with paper yarn and polyester and nylon filament yarns were prepared. The maximum breaking stresses of the hybrid yarns were shown at twist number of 600 tpm and 700 tpm of paper/polyester and paper/nylon yarn, respectively. Also there were relatively different morphologies of the hybrid yarns with twist numbers. These facts originated in a stable integration of each single yarn constituting the hybrid yarn. Due to the reinforcing effect of the filament yarn, the hybrid yarn showed an increment in the maximum stress and strain, but a decrease in initial modulus compared to single paper yarn. In addition, irregularity and defective of the hybrid yarn were evaluated with the surface structure of the yarns. The hybrid yarn having maximum breaking stress showed good knitting ability and excellent surface appearance of its knitted fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyester is extensively used in the textile industry for fabricating fibers and fabrics. Dyeing for polyester fabrics has a huge demand. Given that dyeing is one of the least environmentally friendly industrial processes, decreasing the attempts for dyeing (a.k.a realizing "one-shot" successful dyeing) is of vital importance to the dyeing manufacturing for polyester fabrics. This can be achieved by accurately predicting the dye concentrations for a dyeing recipe with provided target color information on the polyester fabrics. In this paper, we report a data-driven approach for accurately predicting industrial dyeing recipes of polyester fabrics. We intensively discuss the data preprocessing skills for this purpose. We show that log-transform and using full reflectance spectra for the color as input are two effective preprocessing techniques to improve the model performance. An effective model based on gradient-boosting regression tree (GBRT) has been developed to quantitatively model the relationship between the colorimetric information and the dye concentrations of industrial dyeing data of polyester fabrics. The developed approach can predict dye concentrations for dyeing tasks for polyester fabrics with error at 10–20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centrifugal spinning has demonstrated to be one of the effective techniques for the preparation of micro-/nanofibers. It is utilizing centrifugal force to extrude polymer solution/melt out of the nozzle and form a serious of stretching jets. Then, the micro-/nanofibers were formed after the evaporation of the solvent or drop down of jet temperature during jets stretching process. In the process, the structure of spinneret and the flow field of gas outside of spinneret has a great influence on fiber formation and quality. Therefore, the motion mechanism of spinning fluid in spinnerets and nozzles with different structures is studied in this paper. Based on the experimental analysis of fiber spinnability, the motion equation and wave equation of polymer jet in space Cartesian coordinate system are derived, and the two-dimensional flow field of polymer solution is analyzed. Through the simulation of the motion mechanism of the solution in different nozzles and the gas flow field outside different spinnerets, the optimal structure of the spinnerets and nozzles is determined. In addition, the effects of solution properties, rotation speed and nozzle diameter on the fiber morphology are analyzed. Results showed that spinneret of nozzle-free expressed more uniform flow field and were suitable for the preparation of highly oriented micro-/nanofibers. The spinneret with nozzles presented a more turbulent flow field, while fibers with smaller diameters and more uniform distribution could be obtained. The structure of nozzle had a greatly influence on fiber diameters, distribution of fiber diameters, and fiber morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depositing of TiO 2 nanoparticles on cellulose fiber surface has potential technological applications in the field of photocatalysis. With this motivation, multilayers composed of lignosulfonates (LS) and TiO 2 nanoparticles were constructed on cellulose fiber surface via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta potential measurement and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the LS/TiO 2 multilayers on cellulose fiber surface. Moreover, the photocatalytic activities of modified cellulose fibers (decomposition of methyl orange and antibacterial test) were investigated. The decomposition efficiency of methyl orange for a (LS/TiO 2) 5 multilayer modified cellulose fibers was 74.7 % under 5 h UV irradiation. Photocatalytic decomposition efficiency of methyl orange by LS/TiO 2 multilayer modified cellulose fibers under the same UV irradiation time increased linearly with the number of bilayers. Antibacterial tests results revealed that the cellulose fibers modified with LS/TiO 2 multilayers exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E.coil. The degree of E.coil growth inhibition for a (LS/TiO 2) 5 multilayer modified cellulose fiber reached as high as 93 %. In addition, the effect of LS/TiO 2 multilayers on properties of handsheets made from modified cellulose fibers was also considered. The air permeability of the handsheet prepared from fibers modified with TiO 2/LS multilayers had 6.1–24.3 % higher compared with that of handsheet prepared from original fibers. The wetting properties measurement results demonstrated that the water contact angle of handsheet oscillated with the increasing number of layers depended on building block which was in the outermost layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the crashworthiness performance of circular advanced polylactic acid (PLA+) lightweight protective structures inspired by the natural morphology of the horsetail. The specimens were created using 3D-printing technology and tested under quasi-static axial compression. Three design parameters were employed, each with four levels, in order to calculate the crashworthiness behaviors and deformation histories of the intended tubes. The design parameters are the inner diameter (d) and the outer diameter (D) (d/D = 0.5/4, 1/4, 2/4, and 3/4), the number of ribs (N = 2, 4, 6, and 8), and the internal shape (S = circular, square, hexagonal, and octagonal). Furthermore, the designed tubes were compared with the hollow tube. Later on, various crashworthiness indicators, i.e., the initial peak load (F ip) , total absorbed energy (U), average crash load ( F m ), crash force efficiency (CFE), and specific absorbed energy (SEA), of the proposed tubes were evaluated. Based on the obtained results, the studied parameters have a noteworthy influence on the crashworthiness performance and the deformation history. In addition, the findings revealed that increasing the d/D and N led to enhanced energy absorption capacity. Furthermore, the circular inner shape documents the best inner structure. The maximum, F ip , F m , U, CFE, and SEA were recorded for the CN8R (1/4) specimen with an enhancement percentage of 120.09, 321.44, 320.86, 93.17, and 101.31% compared to the hollow tube, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermo-regulating textiles incorporating Phase-Change Materials (PCMs) have emerged as innovative substances that automatically adapt to changes in environmental and body temperature. This paper presents an approach to develop a PCM-loaded composite yarn for potential use in medical textiles. Paraffin wax-based PCM nanocapsules were synthesized and integrated into cotton fibers during the ring spinning process. Subsequently, a composite core–shell-structured yarn was fabricated using electrospinning, comprising a cotton/PCM core and a poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/PCM nanofibrous shell. Morphological analysis confirmed the successful formation of the core–shell structure and the uniform distribution of PCM nanocapsules within the fibers. The composite yarns exhibited reduced diameters with increasing PCM nanocapsule content. Thermal analysis revealed that the incorporation of PCMs resulted in decreased glass transition and cold crystallization temperatures of the PLLA nanofibers. Additionally, the presence of PCMs increased the crystallinity of PLLA fibers. According to the thermoregulation test results, the presence of PCM in its structure affected the heating and cooling behavior of the yarns. The composite yarns were further functionalized by incorporating Vancomycin as an antibiotic agent for medical dressing applications. This progress signifies an improved thermoregulation, offering potential applications in wound care and other medical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When exploring the mechanical behavior of 3D woven composite under multi-axial loading, a tube sample is a feasible and easily accessible option for testing. And the investigation of performance of 3D woven composite tube under tension and torsion with finite-element method (FEM) as a tool requires a fundamental geometric model. With the idealizations of that warp is nearly rectangular and weft is nearly lenticular expressed with cubic functions, a 3D woven composite tube RVE geometric model is presented in this paper which is featured with the various cross-section shape along the yarn path. This model also takes the vertical misalignment of weft yarn stacks and flatten weft cross-sections in the surface into account. Comparing to the architecture in a real sample with each two slices from the tube circumferential and axial direction view, the largest prediction error is 6.80% while the least is 0.66% in terms of RVE dimensions, and the predicted area, width and height average error is 5.21%, 7.89% and 9.11%, respectively, validating the proposed 3D woven composite tube RVE geometric model which can be further used for mechanical behavior prediction and damage propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing open holes or triggers in the crashworthy structures to reduce the weight or enhance the crash performance became popular. For this reason, this paper aims to answer the next question: To what extent can the trigger mechanisms influence the crashworthiness performance and failure mode of 3D-printed poly-lactic acid (PLA) square tubes for crashworthy applications? Consequently, four design parameters (trigger shape, number of triggers per face, depth of the trigger, and trigger position), each with three levels, were utilized for this goal. The planned tubes are being created using a 3D printing technique and then exposed to quasi-static axial compression loading. The crashing load and the absorbed energy against displacement responses were offered, as well as the failure histories being traced. The crashworthiness exploration was carried out by assessing various crash indicators, i.e., initial peak crash load F ip , total energy absorbed (U), specific absorbed energy (SEA), mean crash load ( F m ), and crash force efficiency (CFE). Additionally, the best triggering combinations are examined through the use of the complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method. According to the results, the studied parameters have appositive significance on the crashworthiness performance of 3D-printed square tubes. In light of the COPRAS findings, S3/8 T represents the best triggering mechanisms for crashworthy structures subject to axial compression loading. To put it in a nutshell, presenting triggers have a substantial effect on the crashworthiness performance of the square tubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flax fibers contain naturally colored substances, which need to be removed by bleaching to produce excellent flax-based textiles in the subsequent process. However, the traditional bleaching process has the disadvantages of high temperature, large water consumption and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) value. Therefore, an appealing alternative to make flax fiber more sustainable is to design an environmentally friendly bleaching process, which has the advantages of low water usage, easy operation at ambient temperature and without addition of chemicals. In this paper, the influence of ozone bleaching on the optical property of flax fibers at different parameter conditions (reaction phase, ozone concentration, bleaching time, water pickup value, initial pH value) was investigated. The physicochemical properties of fiber samples after ozone bleaching were analyzed and compared with those of traditional bleached fibers. Results showed that the lightness and whiteness index of SFT-O3-Gas-70% increased to 80.85 and 53.33, yellowness index decreased to 10.14 (ozone concentration 20%, 20 min, WPV 70%, pH 2.0), which was comparable with the SFT-TMB (80.75, 51.87 and 11.33). SEM analysis showed that the non-cellulosic components (hemicelluloses and lignin) on the fiber surface were removed after bleaching treatment. The crystallinity and thermal stability of samples after bleaching treatment increased due to the removal of non-cellulosic components. Compared with the SFT-TMB (16.07 cN/tex and 1166), the tenacity and degree of polymerization (DP) of SFT-O3-Gas-70% decreased to 11.40 cN/tex and 779, respectively. The whole ozone bleaching process is under gas phase, normal temperature and pressure conditions, which greatly reduces water consumption and COD values of bleach wastewater. This study provides some guidance on the use of ozone for bleaching lignocellulosic fibers and the selection of cellulose protectants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the generations, the textile industry has built a reputation as one of the world's biggest water consumers and polluters. Today, the shift in environmental and social awareness impacts textile markets and production techniques. This paper describes a unique way to reduce the intake of freshwater for the dyeing process in the textile industry. Efforts have been made to utilize reactive, basic, and direct dye-bath effluents directly as liquor in polyester dyeing for 0.5, 2, and 4% shade of primary colors. The obtained result shows that the fabric dyed in effluents has acceptable color strength and color difference as that of the conventional dyeing process with freshwater. The fastness properties of all the dyed fabrics were good to excellent. Thus, this process can effectively reduce the intake of freshwater by about 30,000 L/ton. Also, it has an economic benefit and can save 450 Rs/ton. Thus, the findings prove that effluents generated from the cotton dyeing unit can be used directly for polyester dyeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces glass/polyester fiber composite felts (GPCFs) to expand the application of glass fiber felt in composite fields, for satisfying the lightweight, high strength and excellent acoustic requirements. The effects of different weight ratios of polyester fiber on the physical properties, mechanical properties, and acoustic performance of GPCFs are mainly investigated. The results show that air permeability, tensile strength and flexural strength of GPCFs increase with polyester fiber weight ratios. The burst strength of GPCFs grows with polyester fiber weight ratios until it reaches a maximum value at 30 wt% and then the value tends to stabilize. GPCFs with fiber weight ratios of 20% and 30% have the best sound transmission loss (STL) and excellent sound absorption coefficients (SACs), respectively. Overall, polyester fibers can significantly improve the mechanical and acoustic performance as an adhesive and are quite convenient for lightweight design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polypyrrole (PPy) is an intrinsic conducting polymer, known for its excellent electrical conductivity and found suitable for use in electronic and electrical devices, including sensors, actuators, and conductive coatings. In spite of many advantages polypyrrole (PPy) is not much researched in thermoelectrical applications. This paper presents a comparative analysis of thermoelectric characteristics of polypyrrole-coated cotton, silk, and polyester fabrics. An in-situ chemical polymerization method is used to coat the textile fabrics with PPy in aqueous solution using ferric chloride as oxidant. Thermocouples are developed using PPy-coated textiles as p-type and metallic copper as n-type conductors. Various thermoelectric characteristics of the PPy-coated fabrics, such as electromotive force (emf) vs temperature gradient, power factor, figure of merit, and temperature vs Seebeck coefficient, are plotted and compared. PPy-coated cotton fabric shows the best thermoelectric performance among all thermoelectric fabrics. The electrical conductivity of the PPy-coated cotton, silk, and polyester fabrics are measured as 97.42 S/m, 37.28 S/m, and 66.22 S/m, respectively. Seebeck coefficients of PPy-coated cotton, silk, and polyester thermoelectric fabrics are found to be 16.5 μV/K, 14.14 μV/K, and 12.68 μV/K, respectively. The highest power factors of the PPy-coated cotton, silk, and polyester fabric/copper thermocouple are found to be 16.16 × 10–3 µWm−1 K −2, 3.42 × 10–3 µWm−1 K −2, and 3.51 × 10–3 µWm−1 K −2, respectively. At an absolute temperature of 277 K, the thermoelectric figures of merit for PPy-coated cotton, silk, and polyester/copper thermocouples are found to be 1.31 × 10–4, 0.315 × 10–4, and 0.483 × 10–4, respectively. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) study reveals that the coating of PPy over the textile surface is uniform with granular morphology. FTIR study confirms significant intermolecular interaction between the textile fibres and PPy molecules. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the PPy-coated textiles are done for comparative analysis of thermal behaviour of the materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of PPy-coated textiles denotes the penetration of PPy molecules into the amorphous zone of the fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the excellent energy-absorbing properties of the tubular structures, they are commonly used as energy-absorbing elements. In this paper, two types of hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) are mixed with epoxy resin to prepare composite foams. Three densities of composite foams were used as reinforcing materials for carbon fiber tubes (CFRTs). The CFRTs were reinforced with uniform and gradient structures (A, X, O). The axial compression tests were conducted under quasi-static loading to observe the mechanical properties, failure modes, and crashworthiness. The specific energy absorption (SEA) of the CFRTs reinforced with gradient structures to compare with metal energy-absorbing structures. The distribution and fragmentation of HGMs in the epoxy resin by were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show the C20/60 exhibits the highest peak force (PF) of 85.17 kN. Different types of composite foam and gradient designs have different effects on the structure's failure modes, including tearing of the tube walls, shearing, and compression failure of the core. The SEM observed the HGMs of C20 are the most broken. The X-gradient composite foam-filled tube demonstrates superior crashworthiness compared to C20/60, except for the PF. The energy absorption (EA), SEA, meaning crushing force (MCF), and crushing force efficiency (CFE) have improved by 9.8%, 17.1%, 9.8%, and 25.9%, respectively. The SEA of X is higher than the aluminum round tube, the aluminum alloy secondary nested square tube, and the magnesium round tube, the value is 3.6, 2.7, and 1.3 times, respectively. Therefore, the composite foam-reinforced CFRTs are an ideal energy-absorbing configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most functional hydrogels have biocompatibility problems in the pursuit of high performance, and there is an urgent need to study the problem of maintaining good biocompatibility and making hydrogels both multifunctional. Here, this paper proposes polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) with good biocompatibility as hydrogel substrates and nano-ferric copper-zinc oxide (nFCZ) as the main antimicrobial source. The physicochemical double crosslinked network hydrogels were prepared using one-pot method. Finally, the conductive properties of the hydrogel were enhanced by soaking in CaCl2 solution, and the PHP dual-network conductive antimicrobial composite hydrogel was prepared. The hydrogel was characterised, tested and analysed through various tests. The results showed that the obtained dual-network composite hydrogels had good mechanical properties, stable sensing properties, excellent swelling rate, biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity, and the bacterial inhibition rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was higher than 99%. The stable electrical conductivity and sensing properties promote cell regeneration at the wound site, which broadens the scope of hydrogel applications in biomedical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the new graphene fibre primary performance, taking the winter multifunctional knitted fabric with heat and antibacterial as the starting point. Using 150D graphene yarn, ordinary polyester yarn and 40S cotton yarn as the main raw materials, six yarn ratios were designed through the blending process and the HFX-A6 multi-functional spinning frame was used to manufacture the yarn, and then 11 knitted fabrics with three organizational structures were knitted using a 36G single-sided circular knitting machine. Based on the effects of graphene yarn content and fabric organization structure on the essential performance, we investigated the fabrics' thermal and humidity comfort and antimicrobial properties. The conclusion shows that increased graphene content enhances the knitted materials' performance. The addition of graphene content significantly affects fabrics' heat generation and antimicrobial properties. It provides an important reference for the development and preparation of multifunctional hygroscopic hot knitting materials with specific practical value in winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the fiber-reinforced foam sandwich composites were prepared by Vacuum-Assisted Resin Injection (VARI). Then the damp heat aging experiment was carried out on the specimens using a constant temperature and humidity test chamber and the bending property of the treated specimens was investigated using the universal testing machine. Finally, the microstructural analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was utilized for damage mechanism analysis. The results show that the mechanical properties of the specimens decrease after the damp heat aging, and the unidirectional laminated fibers have better resistance to the hot and humid environment than the orthogonal laminated fibers. The setting of drainage holes can increase the resistance of the specimens to the hot and humid environment, and the mixed fibers reduce the residual mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced foam sandwich composites after the damp heat aging. These findings provide guiding insights for the future design and fabrication of more durable composite materials. Moreover, they are of significance to improve the material performance, extend its service life, and expand its range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to apply the single-constant Kubelka–Munk (KM) model to color prediction of fiber blends, a novel correction method is proposed in the paper. The single-constant KM model is based on the assumption that the ratio of absorption coefficients to scattering coefficients (K/S) of a mixture is linear to mass proportion of its components. However, when it comes to the media of pre-colored fiber blends, the linear assumption always fails, resulting in inaccurate color prediction with large color difference. To solve this problem, a novel correction method was proposed, which improved the linearity of K/S in the way of decreasing the linear deviation. Pre-colored cotton fibers were used to prepare samples to examine the proposed correction method. The average color difference values ΔEcmc (2:1) and ΔE00 of the single-constant KM model with proposed correction method are 1.37 and 1.17 respectively, which are remarkably better than those of the Kubelka–Munk model without correction (~ 8.41 and 6.35) and the Kubelka–Munk model with Saunderson correction (~ 8.63 and 6.55). The results indicate that, for the media of pre-colored fiber blends, the proposed correction method greatly improves the color prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plain-weave fabric is a kind of fiber preform which has been commonly used in resin transfer molding (RTM) to manufacture polymer composites. However, the edge area of plain-weave fabric is easy to shed yarns which will cause the uneven distribution of permeability between edge channel and center of mold in filling process of RTM. Meanwhile, the uneven distribution of permeability will cause the edge effect and seriously affect the final quality of composite materials. In this paper, a method to numerically calculate the permeability of edge channel which fully considers the edge area of plain-weave fabric is proposed. The experiment and simulation of edge effect in filling process are performed. The results show that the simulation of edge effect which applies the edge channel's permeability calculated by this method are in good agreement with the experimental results. The research in this paper is meaningful to improve the accuracy of edge effect simulation so as to provide a reference for the design of mold structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural cellulose is a kind of environmentally friendly materials widely used in pharmaceutical and plastic processing industry for its excellent biodegradability and mechanical performance. The aim of this paper was to prepare hybrid nanocellulose film with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and evaluate the morphological structure, mechanical performance, thermal stability, and light transmittance of the film obtained by vacuum suction filtration method. Acid hydrolysis and high pressure homogenization methods were used to produce CNC and CNF with the help of different acid, alkali, and salt solution. The results revealed that the content of CNF was closely related to the tensile property while the CNC was beneficial to the light transmittance. A rough surface and bumps could be observed in nanocellulose film containing CNC or CNF only. A combination of rod like CNC and filamentous CNF could bring about a balance between mechanical performance, thermal stability, and light transmittance. The results obtained in this paper can offer significant reference to the formula design and optimization of processing parameters in manufacturing of nanocellulose film for packaging in mass production with excellent comprehensive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart clothing encompass research in interdisciplinary fields such as industrial design, material applications, computer science, and medical services, and have witnessed rapid development over the past decade. Therefore, for scholars, keeping pace with emerging research trends and the evolution of knowledge is crucial. However, due to the wide array of disciplines involved in smart clothing and the wealth of information they encompass, scholars find it challenging to comprehensively grasp the knowledge structure, making it a time-consuming and highly complex task to identify the forefront of research hotspots. To provide a deeper insight into the knowledge framework and emerging trends in the field of smart clothing, this study is based on bibliometric analysis methods. It combines these methods with visualization analysis tools such as Citespace, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, and the AntConc corpus analysis tool. First, a dataset comprising 30,860 SCI papers, including research and review papers is collected. Secondly, a comprehensive analysis is conducted using co-occurrence analysis, core citation analysis, core collaboration analysis, and cutting-edge research analysis. Finally, a systematic knowledge framework for smart clothing is constructed. This study combines quantitative text analysis with knowledge visualization analysis to construct a more diverse and detailed knowledge map of smart clothing from multiple perspectives. Simultaneously, it tracks and summarizes the development of smart clothing, providing researchers in the field with a systematic research context and analysis of emerging trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]