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Nano-ZnO has the characteristics of photocatalytic performance and excellent transparency and conductivity. Because of its many excellent properties, it also occupies a very important position in the types of semiconductor materials. Nano-ZnO film preparation technology has been researched and developed and applied in many fields, but there are few applied researches on the protection of paper artworks. The main content of this article is the study of the application and enhancement effect of nano-ZnO film preparation technology on the protection of paper cultural relics. In this paper, the sol-gel process is selected in the common film preparation process, and the configured sol is dipped and lifted. By comparing the paper covered with nano ZnO film and the paper not covered with nano ZnO film in the anti-aging performance test, anti-ultraviolet aging performance test, aging appearance change and the experimental results of the mechanical performance test of the application effect of different papers, the results are investigated. The application and enhancement effect of nano-ZnO film preparation technology in the protection of paper art works. Experimental studies have shown that under the same aging time, the mechanical properties of rice paper covered with nano-Zno film are higher than those of blank rice paper without nano-Zno film. The transverse tensile strength of the paper is increased by 5.88 m/N, an increase of 98%. The vertical tensile strength increased by 3.93 m/N, an increase of about 87%, the vertical folding resistance increased by 16 times, the horizontal folding resistance increased by 15 times, and the vertical tearing strength increased by 4.15 m/N, an increase of about 125%, and the transverse tearing degree is enhanced by 2.21 m/N, which is about 64%. The two kinds of rice paper were subjected to warm-heat aging, and the final results showed that the mechanical properties of the two kinds of rice papers showed a decreasing trend, but the mechanical properties of the rice paper covered by the nano-Zno film decreased at a slower rate, and the final mechanical properties were also lower than that of untreated rice paper. Blank rice paper covered with film is better. The experimental results of ultraviolet light on paper aging show that the nano-Zno film covering the paper will delay the paper aging, and the appearance of the nano-Zno film after ultraviolet light does not change significantly. Under the mechanical performance test of nano Zno film on different types of paper application, the tensile strength, folding resistance and tearing degree of the three papers participating in the experiment have been improved, which shows that the nano Zno film has the advantage of strengthening paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging behavior occurs in the storage process of paper archives, which accelerates the aging process of the paper. Therefore, it is important for paper archives management to explore the aging behavior of acidified paper (AP) and to delay or prevent its further aging. The aging behavior of the commonly used university archives paper with artificial acidification were studied by measuring pH value, electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and whiteness. The results show that the pH value, conductivity, mechanical properties and whiteness of AP change significantly compared with the non-acidified raw paper (P). After dry-heat aging treatment, the pH value of AP decreased more obviously than P, which shows more obvious aging degradation and further acidification of AP. During the aging process of AP, the molecular and structural degradation are promoted by the presence of acidic substances, which increase the electrical conductivity of the system. The microstructures of the paper are changed by acidification and aging treatment, and more fiber fracture, etching and microscopic holes are found in the surface SEM images. The reductions of the tensile index and whiteness of AP are also more significant because of the degradation acceleration of the acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aging and acidification behavior of paper archives affect their long-term preservation. Therefore, delaying or preventing aging and acidification has become an important topic in the field of paper archives management. the aging and acidification behavior of commercial archival paper were studied by measuring pH value, electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and whiteness in this work. The results show that the aging and acidification phenomena are obvious after dry-heat aging treatment. The molecular degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and other components results in the decrease of pH value of the system, which decrease with the increase of the treatment temperature and time. The electrical conductivity of the system increases because of the molecular degradation and structural degradation, and with the increase of the treatment temperature and time, the electrical conductivity increases more significantly. After aging treatment, the paper appears etching and increasing microcosmic pores. With the occurrence of molecular degradation and structural degradation, the tensile index and whiteness of the paper decrease, and with the increase of the treatment temperature and time, the tensile index and whiteness decrease more significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel, simple and low-cost method for fabricating paper-based microfluidic device was presented. A soldering wire was used for making a template with specific pattern, and transfer printing to a filter paper by help of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The device was mounted on an YX-128° LiNbO3 piezoelectric substrate. The entire fabrication process could be finished less than one minute without using any complicated equipments. Important parameter in the fabrication of paper-based microfluidic device such as transfer printing time was discussed. To verify the function of the paper-based microfluidic device, color development reactions of starch were implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new paper-based microfluidic device is fabricated on a piezoelectric substrate. A polydimethylsiloxane channel filled with cotton threads is mounted on the piezoelectric substrate with an interdigital transducer. A testing filter paper with dried reaction solution is coated on the end of the cotton thread. Sample solution is driven to the cotton thread channel and transported to testing area for microfluidic analysis. Red ink solution and color development reaction of starch are demonstrated for microfluidic operation and analysis. Results show that the linear velocity of microfluidic transportation in the cotton thread channel is 4.558 mm/s, and color development reaction of starch is successfully implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new paper-based microfluidic switch activated by surface acoustic wave (SAW) was presented. The switch was comprised of two folded paper microchannels and an unfolded paper microchannel. One of the folded paper microchannels was connected with the unfolded paper microchannel. Two interdigital transducers (IDTs) and two reflectors were fabricated on 128° yx-LiNbO3substrate using microelectrical technology. When an amplified RF signal was applied to the IDTs, a droplet on the piezoelectric substrate was actuated to the unfolded paper microchannel by SAW. Folded angle of a folded paper microchannel was increased and connected with the other folded paper microchannel to implement ‘on’ function of the microfluidic switch. The switch was examined using red dye solution microfluids and mixed indicating solution of 330 mmol/L Citric acidmonohydrate, 10 mmol/L N-(1-Naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride and 50 mmol/L Sulfanilamide. The presented switch is valuable for programmable paper-based microfluidic device for multiple sample analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method for dispatching microfluid is presented. A steel ball of 2mm diameter is placed on a 128 degrees YX LiNbO3 substrate. A PDMS frame is mounted on the piezoelectric substrate for defining the movement trajectory of the steel ball. Paper testing zone is fixed on a PDMS block for the target of the microfluidic dispatch. The steel ball is driven by surface acoustic wave, and carried microfluid at the outlet of the PDMS microchannel to the paper testing zone. Red ink solution is used to demonstrate the fluid dispatch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method for fabricating a paper based microfluidic device in a printed circuit board is presented. The printed circuit board is hollowed out to form a pattern of paper channels. When a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film is mounted on the bottom of the PCB, liquid PDMS is filled in the areas having been hollowed out, and solidified in a constant temperature oven. Paper pattern is then mounted on the solidified PDMS, while a piezoelectric device with an interdigital transducer is embedded into the PCB. At last, PDMS film is covered on the surface of paper channels. Microfluidic transportation and color development reaction are demonstrated in presented microfluidic platform. Results show paper channels and the piezoelectric device can be integrated into the printed circuit board, and surface acoustic wave can drive a microfluid to the paper channels for microfluidic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, four low-melting alloy materials, Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-1.6Cu, Sn-Zn-0.7Cu and Sn-8Zn-3Bi, were used to study the wettability of these materials on copper substrates. Using the Image Pro Plus software to calculate the spread area and analyze the spread-ability of low-melting alloy materials with different compositions on the copper substrate. The calculation results show that the low-melting alloy material with strong spreading property is Sn-1.6Cu. The interface morphology of Sn-1.6Cu on the copper substrate after wetting equilibrium was observed by SEM and EDX instruments. The interface quality was judged according to the interface morphology, and the interface element distribution and element penetration were analyzed. The experimental results show that the interface between Sn-1.6Cu and the copper substrate is reliable, and there are no interface defects such as porosity, slag inclusion and crack. The research work in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent material improvement research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ba(NdxTi(1-2x)Nbx)O3 (x=0.025, 0.05, 0.1 & 0.2) and (Na0.5Bi0.5)(NdyTi(1-2y) Nby)O3 (y=0.0125, 0.025 & 0.05) ceramics were prepared through solid state sintering route. In the present paper X-ray diffraction (XRD) data was obtained using (Philips X-pert Pro Pan Analytical: Model PW3040/60). The XRD data was simulated using modified Arrhenius and Lorentz equation using ORIGIN 6.1 software which was proposed by us earlier. In the case of Ba(NdxTi(1-2x)Nbx)O3 ceramics the values of lattice parameter obtained using modified Arrhenius and Lorentz equations are 3.9597Ao, 4.2534Ao, 5.2364Ao & 5.2690Ao for x=0.025, 0.05, 0.1 & 0.2 respectively. The average values of activation energy for x-ray scattering are 74.47 meV, 85.21 meV, 90.20 meV & 95.79 meV for x=0.025, 0.05, 0.1 & 0.2 respectively. Similar simulation studies were also carried on (Na0.5Bi0.5)(NdyTi(1-2y)Nby)O3 ceramics and the results are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]