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The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of zinc methionine on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota, and immunity of weaned piglets. A total of 160 weaned piglets at 21 days of age were randomly divided into four groups, with four replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate. The groups were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 50 (experiment A group), 100 (experiment B group), and 200 mg/kg (experiment C group) of zinc methionine. The preliminary trial period was one week, and the formal experimental period was four weeks. The results showed that the final weight of piglets in experiment B group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the feed-to-gain ratio was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The average daily weight gain of piglets in experiment B group was higher than that of experiment A group and control group (P<0.05), and the diarrhea rate of all zinc methionine groups was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes in the gut of piglets in experiment B group increased (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the gut of experiment A group and experiment B group increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of Clostridium in the gut of piglets in experiment B group and experiment C group decreased (P<0.05); the relative abundance of Ruminococcus in the gut of all zinc methionine groups significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the level of immunoglobulin G in the serum of piglets in experiment B group increased (P<0.05), the content of interleukin-6 decreased (P<0.05), and the content of tumor necrosis factor-α decreased (P<0.05), the content of interleukin-10 in the serum of all zinc methionine groups increased (P<0.05), the concentration of endotoxin and D-lactic acid in the serum of piglets in experiment B group decreased (P<0.05), and the activity of diamine oxidase in the serum of all zinc methionine groups decreased (P<0.05). The study indicates that zinc methionine can improve the growth performance and immunity of piglets, and improve intestinal health, with an appropriate addition level of 100 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to study the effects of probiotic-fermented Chinese herbal medicine on the growth performance, serum immune indexes, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal function of weaned piglets. A total of 54 healthy weaned piglets, aged 35 days and weighing (8.76±0.54) kg, were selected, half in male and female, randomly divided into three treatment groups, with three replicates in each group and six piglets in each replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the experimental group A and group B were supplemented with 0.5% and 1.0% of probiotic-fermented Chinese herbal medicine in the basal diet, respectively. The trial period was 28 days. The results showed that compared to the Chinese herbal medicine before fermentation, the total flavonoids, total alkaloids, total saponins, and crude polysaccharides in the probiotic-fermented Chinese herbal medicine significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the average daily weight gain significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed conversion ratio and diarrhea rate significantly decreased in group A and group B (P<0.05). The levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), complement C3, and complement C4 in the serum were significantly higher in group A and group B than in the control group (P<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in the serum of piglets in group A and group B were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The levels of Lactobacillus and yeast in the small intestine of group A and group B significantly increased (P<0.05), while E. coli and Salmonella significantly decreased (P<0.05). The villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio (V/C) in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of group A and group B significantly increased (P<0.05), and the crypt depth in the jejunum significantly decreased (P<0.05). The study indicates that the addition of probiotic-fermented Chinese herbal medicine to the diet improves the growth performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal function of weaned piglets, and the effect of 0.5% probiotic-fermented Chinese herbal medicine is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effects of two kinds of organic iron (small peptide iron and porphyrin iron) on growth performance, blood indexes, and fecal flora of weaned piglets. Ninety weaned piglets with an average weight of (9.34±0.06) kg were randomly divided into three groups with three replicates in each group and 10 piglets in each replicate. The control group was fed with basal diet, while the experimental group was fed with 400 g/t small peptide iron and 500 g/t porphyrin iron, respectively. The pre-test period was five days, and the formal test period was 45 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average daily gain of the small peptide iron group increased by 12.53% (P<0.05). The hemoglobin content of piglets in the small peptide iron group and porphyrin iron group increased significantly (P<0.05). The average erythrocyte volume of the small peptide iron group was significantly higher than that of the control group and porphyrin iron group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of serum urea nitrogen in the small peptide iron group and porphyrin iron group decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the two kinds of organic iron increased the proportion of Lactobacillus in feces, decreased the relative abundance of Clostridium, and increased the content of propionic acid and butyric acid in feces of weaned piglets. The study indicates that adding small peptide iron and porphyrin iron in diet can improve blood indexes, fecal flora, and short chain fatty acid content of weaned piglets in different degrees. Combined with production performance analysis, adding 400 g/t small peptide iron in diet has a better effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the nutritional value of fermented peanut meal (FPM) and its effect on the growth performance of weaned piglets. The experiment was divided into three parts. Experiment 1: Twelve 'Duroc× Landrace×Yorkshire' ternary castrated boars with initial weight of (10.0±2.0) kg were randomly divided into two groups, which were fed with basal diet and FPM diet respectively, with six replicates in each group and one pig in each replicate. The available energy values of two kinds of diets were measured by total fecal collection method, and the digestive energy and metabolizable energy of pigs were calculated by nested algorithm. Experiment 2: Twelve 'Duroc×Landrace× Yorkshire' ternary castrated boars with an initial weight of (15.0±2.0) kg with T-shaped fistula installed at the end of ileum were randomly divided into two groups, which were fed with nitrogen-free diet and semi-homozygous diet with 30% FPM as the only nitrogen source, with six replicates in each group and one pig in each replicate. The experiment lasted for seven days, The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standard ileal digestibility (SID) of FPM were measured by collecting terminal ileal chyme on the last two days. Experiment 3: 50 weaned piglets with an initial weight of (8.0±1.0) kg were randomly divided into five groups with 10 replicates in each group, half in male and half female, with one pig in each replicate. The control group was fed with corn-soybean meal basal diet, and the experimental group was fed with 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% FPM experimental diets for 21 days. The results showed that the digestive energy and metabolizable energy of FPM were 15.17 and 13.83 MJ/kg, respectively, and the SID of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan were 85.85%, 92.44%, 87.80%, and 84.09% respectively. Compared with the control group, the dietary FPM had no significant effect on the average daily feed intake and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets (P>0.05). Addition of 2%~8% FPM significantly increased average daily gain (P<0.05) and decreased feed-toweight ratio (P<0.05). The results show that the effective energy value and amino acid utilization rate of FPM are high. Adding 2%~8% FPM to the diet of weaned piglets can reduce the feed-to-weight ratio of piglets, and the feeding effect of 6% FPM is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of Panax notoginseng stems and leaves extract on the growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, and intestinal health of weaned piglets. Twenty-four 26-day-old weaned piglets were randomly divided into three groups with eight replicates in each group and one piglet in each replicate. The control group was fed with a basal diet, while the low dose group and high dose group were fed with 0.2% and 0.4% of Panax notoginseng stems and leaves extract, respectively. The trial period was 21 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average daily gain of weaned piglets in the high dose group increased significantly (P<0.05), while the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate oxaloacetic aminotransferase, and the ratio of aspartate oxaloacetic aminotransferase to aspartate oxaloacetic aminotransferase in the low and high dose groups decreased significantly (P<0.05). The high dose group could significantly increase the villus height of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (P<0.05), and significantly increase the villus-concealed ratio of duodenum and ileum (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of colonic interleukin-12 p35 (IL-12 p35), interleukin-12 p40 (IL-12 p40), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) decreased significantly in the low dose group and high dose group (P<0.05). The results show that adding Panax notoginseng stems and leaves extract in diet can improve the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets, and adding 0.4% Panax notoginseng stems and leaves extract is more suitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of enzyme-hydrolyzed proteins from different grain sources on the growth performance, serum hormones, and immune indices of weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty 44-four-day-old weaned piglets with a body weight close to (13.08±0.14) kg were selected for the experiment, and they were randomly divided into four groups, with five replicates per group and six piglets per replicate. The control group was fed with a basic feed, and the experimental groups were fed with enzyme-hydrolyzed proteins from different grain sources (soybean hydrolyzed protein, rice hydrolyzed protein, and wheat hydrolyzed protein, with equivalent nitrogen supplementation) to replace fermented soybean meal and part of the soybean meal in the basic feed. The preliminary trial period lasted for five days, followed by a formal trial period of 20 days. The results showed that compared with the groups fed with rice hydrolyzed protein and wheat hydrolyzed protein, the ADFI of piglets in the soybean hydrolyzed protein group was significantly higher during the early stage (1~10 d) and the entire period (1~20 d) (P<0.05). The ADG of the soybean hydrolyzed protein group during the entire period was significantly higher than that of the rice hydrolyzed protein group (P<0.05). The serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level in the soybean hydrolyzed protein group was significantly lower than that in the control group and the rice hydrolyzed protein group (P<0.05). The serum insulin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, ghrelin, and gastrin levels in the rice hydrolyzed protein group were significantly higher than those in the soybean hydrolyzed protein group and the control group (P<0.05). The study indicates that adding soybean hydrolyzed protein to the feed can improve the growth performance of weaned piglets, reduce inflammation factor levels, and its effect is superior to rice hydrolyzed protein and wheat hydrolyzed protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to compare the effects of different forms of nano-zinc oxide on the growth performance, immune function, and intestinal barrier of weaned piglets. A total of 192 weaned piglets aged 24 days (half in male and female), with an average weight of (7.47 ± 0.62) kg were randomly divided into four groups, with six replicates in each group and eight piglets in each replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the experimental group I, group II and group III were fed with 2 000 mg/kg nano-zinc oxide, 500 mg/kg coated nano-zinc oxide, 1 000 mg/kg coated nano-zinc oxide, respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 days. The results showed that the total effective rate of nano zinc oxide was 7.12%, which was lower than that of coated nano zinc oxide (78.54%). All forms of nano zinc oxide significantly increased the final weight and average daily gain of weaned piglets (P<0.05), and significantly decreased the ratio of feed to gain and diarrhea rate (P<0.05), with the best effects observed in the experiment group III. Compared with the control group, the levels of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin A in the serum of weaned piglets in all experimental groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the secretion of immunoglobulin in the cecum and colon was significantly elevated in the experiment group I and experiment group III (P<0.05). Different forms of nano zinc oxide significantly decreased the serum diamine oxidase activity and endotoxin content in weaned piglets (P<0.05). The study indicates that dietary supplementation of nano zinc oxide and coated nano zinc oxide of weaned piglets can promote growth, reduce diarrhea rate, enhance immune function, and improve intestinal barrier function. The effects of 1 000 mg/kg of coated nano zinc oxide are better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of a bacterial enzyme compound preparation on the growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, and intestinal flora of weaned piglets. A total of 320 weaned piglets at 21 days of age with a body weight of about 7.0 kg were divided into four groups with eight replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate. The weaned piglets in the control group were fed a basal diet, and the weaned piglets in the bacterial enzyme complex preparation groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% bacterial enzyme complex preparation, respectively. The pre-test period was one week, and the formal test period was four weeks. The results showed that compared with the control group, the final weight of piglets in the 0.2% and 0.4% enzyme preparation groups increased by 7.30% and 8.16% (P<0.05), the average daily gain increased by 16.67% and 16.67% (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio decreased by 13.66% and 13.66% (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the diarrhea rates of piglets in the 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% enzyme preparation groups decreased by 23.08%, 49.70%, and 57.99%, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the dry matter digestibility of piglets in the 0.2% and 0.4% enzyme preparation groups increased by 6.11% and 7.17% (P<0.05), and the crude protein digestibility increased by 7.56% and 10.68% (P<0.05). The digestibility of crude fiber of piglets in the 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% enzyme preparation groups increased by 6.76%, 12.09% and 16.92% (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of Escherichia coli in the ileum and colon of piglets in the 0.2% and 0.4% enzyme preparation groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The number of Salmonella in the ileum of piglets in the 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% enzyme preparation groups was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The number of lactic acid bacteria in the ileum of piglets in the 0.4% enzyme preparation group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the number of yeast in the ileum of piglets in the 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% enzyme preparation groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the number of Bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria and yeast in the colon of piglets in the 0.2% and 0.4% enzyme preparation groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that bacterial enzyme compound preparation can effectively improve the growth performance of weaned piglets, reduce the rate of diarrhea, improve the digestibility of nutrients in feed, regulate intestinal flora, and improve intestinal health. It is suitable for weanling piglets to take 0.2%~0.4% bacterial enzyme compound preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new type of physiological active substance, functional oligosaccharides have the characteristics of green, natural environmental protection and no residue, and can replace some antibiotics in the production of piglets. At the same time, functional oligosaccharides can be fermented and utilized by intestinal microorganisms to produce short-chain fatty acids, regulate intestinal flora structure, which have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, maintain intestinal barrier integrity after weaning, and thus improve intestinal health of piglets. The paper summarizes and analyzes the mechanism and application of functional oligosaccharides in the production of weaned piglets, to provide reference for its application in the production of piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to investigate the influence of rosemary extract on oxidative stress in weaned piglets. A total of 144 'Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire' ternary hybrid piglets weighing about 8.0 kg and weaned at 26 days of age were randomly divided into four groups, with six replicates in each group and six piglets (half in male and female) in each replicate. The piglets in the control group were fed with a basal diet, and experimental groups (200, 400, 600 mg/kg RE group) added an additional 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg rosemary extract (RE) to the basal diet, respectively. The test lasted for 24 d. The results showed that compared with the control group, the addition of 200 mg/kg RE could significantly increase the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of weaned piglets (P<0.05), and significantly reduce the feed to gain ratio (P<0.05). On the 10th day, compared with the control group, the serum GSH-Px and SOD activity of weaned piglets in the experimental groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), CAT activity in serum of weaned piglets in 600 mg/kg RE group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the content of MDA in the 600 mg/kg RE group was decreased significantly (P<0.05). On the 10th day, the serum levels of IGF-I and Ghrelin in weaned piglets in the 200 mg/kg RE group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the GH levels in the serum of weaned piglets in 400 mg/kg RE group were significantly increased (P<0.05). On the 24th day, the serum levels of IGF-I and GH in the weaned piglets in the 200 mg/kg group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum levels of IGF-I in the weaned piglets in the 600 mg/kg group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that the addition of RE to the diet can alleviate the oxidative stress caused by early weaning of piglets, promote the growth and development of weaned piglets, and enhance the antioxidant ability of piglets, and the suitable amount of addition is 200 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the effect of fermented Shuanghuanglian medicinal residues on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, immune indexes and intestinal flora in weaned piglets. A total of 96 healthy 21-day-old 'Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire' crossbred weaned piglets were randomly divided into four groups, with four replicates in each group and six weaned piglets in each replicate. The weaned piglets in group A (control group) were fed with basal diet. Group B and group C added 2% fermentation residue (Lactobacillus plantarum LP-1522 ferment the Shuanghuanglian medicinal residues) and 2% unfermented residue on the basis of feeding the basal diet, respectively. Group D added lactic acid bacteria (108 CFU/L) to the basic diet. The pre-test lasted for 7 d, and the formal test lasted for 28 d. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average daily feed intake and daily weight gain of weaned piglets in group B increased significantly by 10.37% and 16.48%, respectively (P<0.05), and the diarrhea rate and feed to gain ratio decreased significantly (P<0.05). The total protein of test piglets which feed by fermented Shuanghuanglian medicinal residues in serum increase by 7.34%. The serum total protein content of weaned piglets in group B was significantly increased by 7.34% (P<0.05), the content of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the content of urea nitrogen was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased and the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of piglets such as Escherichia-Shigella as well as Streptococcus decreased by feeding fermented Shuanghuanglian medicinal residues. The study indicates that fermented Shuanghuanglian medicinal residues improve the growth performance, inhibit intestinal pathogens, reduce the diarrhea rate and improve the immune performance of piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the effect of AhR activation on intestinal flora and short-chain fatty acid content in immune-stressed piglets. A total of 24 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with good health and similar weight at 21 d were randomly assigned into four groups with six replicates in each group and one pig in each replicate. Piglets in control group (CON) were fed with a basal diet, and piglets in LPS stress group (LPS) were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μg/kg BW LPS before slaughter. Piglets in FICZ group (FICZ) were intraperitoneally injected with 250 μg/kg FICZ + LPS before slaughter, and piglets in CDN group (CDN) were intraperitoneally injected with 6 mg/kg CDN+ LPS before slaughter. The experiment lasted for 15 d. The results showed that compared with LPS group, the content of propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid of FICZ group increased significantly (P<0.05), the Chao1 index and Observed species index in CDN group increased significantly (P<0.05), and valeric acid increased. Compared with LPS group, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Cyanobacteriain in FICZ group and CDN group increased significantly and the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased significantly. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Anaerotruncus, Cloacibacillus, Alistipes, Halomanas, Aeromicrobium, Sediminispirochaeta, Paraprevotella, Faecalicoccus, Parasutterella, Intestinimonas, Synergistes, Collinsella, Barnesiell and Odoribacter was significantly increased in FICZ group and CDN group. The study indicates that AhR activation can regulate the composition of colonic microbiota and the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids in piglets, and alleviate LPS-induced intestinal microbial barrier damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effect of fructooligosaccharides replacing chloramphenicol on growth performance, apparent digestibility of nutrients and serum biochemical indexes of weaned piglets. A total of 48 weaned piglets were randomly divided into three groups, piglets in control group were fed with basal diet, and the experimental groups were supplemented with 25 mg/kg aureomycin and 5 000 mg/kg fructooligosaccharide in basic diet, respectively, with eight replicates in each group and two piglets in each replicate. The experiment lasted for 28 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the final weight and average daily gain of piglets in aureomycin and fructooligosaccharide groups on 1~14, 1~28 d were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the diarrhea rate and feed to gain ratio were significantly decreased (P<0.05). On 1~28 d, the digestibility of crude protein and total energy of piglets in aureomycin group and fructooligosaccharide group was significantly increased (P<0.05). On 14 d, serum immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A content of piglets in aureomycin group and fructooligosaccharide group were significantly increased (P<0.05), total superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity of serum were significantly increased (P<0.05), and malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased (P<0.05). On 28 d, compared with control group, the serum immunoglobulin A content and malondialdehyde content of piglets in aureomycin group and fructooligosaccharide group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and serum immunoglobulin G content and total superoxide dismutase activity in fructooligosaccharide group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that dietary fructooligosaccharide can enhance antioxidant level, improve immunity, reduce diarrhea rate, improve digestibility, and then improve growth performance of piglets. Fructooligosaccharide can be used to replace auretein in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of adding PE to water on growth performance, serum immune index and fecal flora of weaned piglets. A total of 120 weaned piglets were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates in each group and 10 piglets in each replicate. Weaned piglets in all groups were fed with basal diet, which was formulated according to NRC (2012). Piglets in control group (CON group) had no additives in drinking water, and piglets in PE1 group, PE2 group and PE3 group added 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% PE in drinking water, respectively. During the experiment, all piglets drank water freely, and PE group added bromelain through automatic proportional pump for 24 h. The experiment lasted for 28 d. The results showed that compared with CON, the ADG, serum CAT activitiy, IgM, IgA and TNF-α content of weaned piglets in PE2 group and PE3 group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The F/G of piglets in all PE groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the serum T-AOC of piglets was significantly increased (P<0.05). Serum SOD activity and IFN-γ content in PE2 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while serum MDA content was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The fecal microbial Shannon index of piglets increased after PE was added to drinking water. The Bacteroidetes with the highest abundance were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The highest abundances of all PE groups were unidentified and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group. The study indicates that 0.2% PE in drinking water can improve the growth performance, antioxidant level and immune index of weaned piglets, and improve the microflora environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in diet and environment of weaned piglets can easily lead to weaning stress syndrome, leading to dysfunction of intestinal barrier function. Clostridium butyricum is a safe, green and efficient new feed additive that can effectively maintain intestinal barrier of weaned piglets and is of great significance for their growth and development. The article reviews research progress of Clostridium butyricum on intestinal barrier of weaned piglets, summarizes mechanism of Clostridium butyricum regulating intestinal barrier of weaned piglets, to provide reference for Clostridium butyricum to improve intestinal health of weaned piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on growth performance, serum immunity indices and economic benefits of weaned piglets. 480 weaned piglets were randomly divided into four groups, with six replicates in each group. The control group weaned piglets was fed with a basic diet, while experiment group added 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% MOS to basic diet, respectively. Pretrial period of 3 d, and formal trial period of 30 d. The results showed that compared with control group, average daily gain and average daily feed intake of piglets in experiment groups increased significantly (P<0.05), the diarrhea rate of piglets was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, adding MOS to diet significantly increased T-AOC and SOD activity in serum of weaned piglets (P<0.05) and MDA content significantly decreased (P<0.05). Adding 0.2% and 0.3% MOS to diet significantly increased content of IgG in serum (P<0.05). The serum IgA content of piglets in experiment groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and content of IL-6 in serum of piglets was significantly lower (P<0.05). Number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in intestinal tract of weaned piglets in 0.2% group and 0.3% group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The number of E. coli in intestinal tract of piglets in 0.3% group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Average profit of piglets in MOS groups was 23.60, 24.88, 27.94 yuan/head higher than that of control group, respectively. The results indicate that adding MOS to diet can improve growth performance, enhance body's immune ability, improve intestinal microbial structure and increase the economic benefits of breeding, recommend MOS addition amount is 0.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to study the effect of glucose oxidase on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes and breeding economic benefits of weaned piglets. A total of 200 weaned piglets were seclected and randomly divided into four groups, with five replicates in each group and 10 weaned piglets in each replicate. The piglets in control group were fed with basic diet, piglets in experimental group were fed with basic diet supplentment with 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg glucose oxidase. The test period lasted for 28 d. The results showed that the ADG of piglets in 100 mg/kg group and 150 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), F/G of piglets in 100 mg/kg group and 150 mg/kg group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05), and the diarrhea rate of piglets in each experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The T-AOC and GSH-Px activity in serum of piglets in 100 mg/kg group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), the serum SOD activity of piglets in each experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and the serum MDA content of piglets in 100 mg/kg group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The content of IgG and TNF-α in serum of piglets in 100 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05), and the content of serum IL-6 in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The expression of IGF-2 gene in the longissimus dorsi muscle of piglets in 100 mg/kg group and 150 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The breeding profit of piglets in experimental group was 7.80, 29.28 and 16.14 yuan/head higher than that in control group. The study indicates that glucose oxidase can improve the performance and body health of piglets, and it is suggested to add 100 mg/kg glucose oxidase to diet of weaned piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to investigate the effect of iron-rich Candida utilis on growth performance, blood indexes and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets. A total of 90 healthy 28-day-old 'Duroc × Landmass × Yorkshire' weaned piglets with an average body weight of (7.86±0.54) kg were randomly divided into two groups, with nine replicates in each group and five piglets in each replicate. Piglets in CON group were fed with a basal diet + ferrous sulfate (containing 104 mg/kg iron), and piglets in experimental group (CU group) were fed with a basal diet + iron-rich Candida utilis (containing 104 mg/kg iron). The experiment lasted for 28 d. The results showed that there was no significant effect of iron-rich Candida utilis on growth performance of weaned piglets (P>0.05). Compared with CON group, the total number of WBC and Bas in CU group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The content of serum IgA and IgG were significantly increased (P<0.05), and TNF-α was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The serum iron content was significantly increased, while the total iron binding capacity and ceruloplasmin activity were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with CON group, the activity of serum catalase, cytochrome oxidase, glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase in CU group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the content of serum malondialdehyde was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The villus height and villus height/crypt depth values in duodenum and jejunum of weaned piglets in CU group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and crypt depth was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The study indicates that the complete replacement of dietary inorganic iron by iron-rich Candida utilis can improve the iron metabolism, antioxidant and immune functions of weaned piglets, which is beneficial to the maintenance of intestinal morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to investigate the effect of lignin polyphenols and copper-zinc cross-linking substance combined supplementation on growth performance, immunity and copper, zinc deposition of weaned piglets. Ninety-six healthy weaned piglets (Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire) with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into three groups, with four replicates in each group and eight pigs in each replicate. The control group piglets were fed with basal diet + 2 kg/t zinc oxide + 100 g/t chlortetracycline + 40 g/t colistin, T1 group piglets were fed with basal diet + 1 kg/t lignin polyphenols + 700 g/t copper-zinc cross-linking substance, T2 group piglets were fed with basal diet + 2 kg/t lignin polyphenols + 700 g/t copper-zinc cross-linking substance. The pre-feeding period lasted for 7 d, the formal experiment lasted for 28 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of piglets in T2 group were slightly increased ( P>0.05), the average daily feed intake of T1 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in feed to gain ratio and diarrhea rate of piglets among all groups (P>0.05). Compared with control group, the content of IFN-γ in serum of piglets in T1 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with control group and T1 group, the content of C4 in serum of piglets in T2 group was significantly increased and significantly higher than that in T1 group ( P<0.05), the content of DLA in serum of piglets in T2 group was significantly decreased and significantly lower than that in T1 group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the content of zinc in serum and feces of piglets in T1 group and T2 group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). The study indicates that the combined addition of 2 kg/t lignin polyphenols and 700 g/t copper-zinc cross-linking substance to weaned piglet diet to replace the combination of high zinc and antibiotics can maintain the normal growth performance of weaned piglets, improve immunity, significantly reduce the excretion of zinc in the feces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of adding chitooligosaccharide in diet on growth performance, apparent digestibility of nutrients and serum biochemical indexes of weaned piglets. A total of 240 weaned piglets were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates in each group and 20 pigs in each replicates.The control group was basic diet, and experimental group added 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg chitooligosaccharide to the basic diet. The pre-test period was 7 d and the formal test period was 30 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the final weight and average daily gain of piglets in 30 mg/kg group and 45 mg/kg group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The diarrhea rate of piglets in experimental groups was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter in 30 mg/kg group and 45 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and the apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in experimental groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, serum IgG and IFN-γ content of piglets in experimental groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and serum IgM content in 30 mg/kg group and 45 mg/kg group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Serum T-AOC and SOD activity in experimental groups were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and MDA content was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The study indicates that the addition of chitosan oligosaccharide in the diet can effectively improve the production performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets, maintain the health of pigs by improving the immunity and antioxidant capacity of the body, when adding 45 mg/kg chitooligosaccharide has the better effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to create a LPS immune stress model, to study the effect of CDN on organ indexes, serum biochemical indexes, inflammatory variables and antioxidant capacity in immune-stressed piglets. Twenty-four healthy weaned piglets were randomly assigned into four groups, with six replicates in each group and one pig in each replicate. piglets in CON group were fed with basal diet, piglets in LPS group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μg/kg BW LPS, piglets in LCDN group were intraperitoneally injected with 3 mg/kg CDN+ 100 μg/kg BW LPS, and piglets in LCDN group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μg/kg BW LPS. Piglets in HCDN group were intraperitoneally injected with 6 mg/kg CDN+ injected with 100 μg/kg BW LPS. Piglets in CDN groups were given CDN once a day starting on 8 d of experiment, while the other two groups received the same quantity of sterile normal saline. On 15 d of experiment, all piglets except CON group received an intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg/kg BW LPS, where as CON group received the same quantity of normal saline. Piglets were murdered after 6 h. The results showed that compared with CON group, the renal index of HCDN group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the activity of ALT and ALP, the content of CREA, MDA and TNF- α in the serum of LPS group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the activity of T-SOD, CAT and the content of IL-10 were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, the activity of AST and ALP, the content of CREA and IL-6 in LCDN group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the content of IL-10 and the activity of T-SOD were significantly increased (P<0.05). The content of IL-10 and the activity of T-SOD and CAT in HCDN group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the activity of ALT, AST and ALP and the content of MDA, IL-1β and TNF- α were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that cardamom intraperitoneal injection can improve antioxidant capacity, reduce LPSinduced immunological stress and inflammation in weaned piglets, and the injection dose of 6 mg/kg has a better effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the experiment was to analyze the effect of different levels of probiotic fermented feed on growth performance, serum biochemical indices and immune function of weaned piglets. Eighty weaned piglets with body weight of (22.0±2.2) kg were randomly divided into four groups with 20 replicates per group and one pig per replicate. Piglets in group 1 (control group) were fed with basal feed, and pigs in group 2, group 3 and group 4 were fed with basal feed supplemented with 3%, 5% and 7% probiotic fermented feed, respectively. The pre-test lasted for 7 d and the formal experiment lasted for 56 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the average daily gain in group 3 and group 4 were significantly increased (P<0.05), feed to gain ratio were significantly decreased (P<0.05), the content of TP and GLB in serum were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the content of TNF-α in serum were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The study indicates that probiotic fermented feed can improve the growth performance, serum biochemical indexes and immune function of weaned piglets, and the effect of basal feed + 5% probiotic fermented feed is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the mechanism of alleviating heat stress symptoms of weaned piglets with peppermint extract. A total of 240 weaned piglets were randomly divided into four groups, with six replicates in each group and ten pigs in each replicate. The pigs in blank control group (NC group) were fed with basal diet at the temperature of (25±1) ℃. The pigs in positive control group (AC group) were fed with basal diet at the temperature of (33±1) ℃. The pigs peppermint extract group was supplemented with 50 (T50 group) and 100 mg/kg (T100 group) peppermint extract were fed with basal diet at the temperature of (33±1) ℃. The experiment lasted for 30 d. The results showed that compared with AC group, final weight and average daily gain of pigs in T50 group and T100 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while diarrhea rate and feed to gain ratio were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The activity of T-AOC, CAT, GSH-Px and SOD in serum of pigs in T50 group and T100 group were significantly higher than those in NC group (P<0.05). T100 group serum MDA concentration was significantly higher than that of NC group (P<0.05) and significantly lower than that of AC group (P<0.05). Serum IgG content of heat-stressed piglets showed an increasing trend with the addition level of peppermint extract, but no significant difference was found between NC group and T100 group (P>0.05). The content of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum in AC group were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05). The expression level of NF-κB gene in longissimus dorsi muscle in NC group, T50 group and T100 group was significantly lower than that in AC group (P<0.05). The expression level of TNF-α gene in NC group was the lowest, and the highest in AC group, but the expression level of TNF- α gene was significantly decreased with the increase of dietary menthol extract supplemental level (P<0.05). HSP70 gene expression level in AC group and NC group was significantly lower than that in T50 group and T100 group (P<0.05), and HSP70 gene expression level in AC group was significantly lower than that in T100 group (P<0.05). The expression level of IL-6 gene in AC group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). The study indicates that the optimal supplemental level of peppermint extract in piglets diet under heat stress is 100 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effect of adding Clostridium butyricum in diet on growth performance, serum immune function, antioxidant capacity and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets. A total of 240 healthy weaned piglets at the age of (21±1) d were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates in each group and 20 piglets in each replicate. Piglets in group A (control group) were fed with basal diet, and piglets in group B, group C and group D were fed with basal diet supplemented with 15, 30 and 60 g/t Clostridium butyricum, respectively. The test period was 35 d. The results showed that the average daily weight gain of piglets in group C and group D was increased significantly on the 15th to 35th day of experiment (P<0.05). The average daily feed intake and average daily gain of piglets in group C was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the serum IgG content of piglets in each test group were significantly increased on the 15th and 35th day of weaning (P<0.05), and the serum IgA contents of piglets in group C and group D were significantly increased on the 35th day of weaning (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the serum T-AOC of piglets in group C and group D was significantly increased on the 15th day of weaning (P<0.05), and the serum T-AOC of piglets in group C was significantly increased on the 35th day of weaning (P<0.05). The activity of SOD and CAT in serum of piglets in group C and group D were significantly increased on the 15th and 35th day of weaning (P<0.05), the serum MDA content of piglets in each test group decreased significantly on the 35th day of weaning (P<0.05), Compared with control group, the caecum VH of piglets in each test group increased significantly on the 15th and 35th day of weaning (P<0.05), and the caecum VH/CD in group C increased significantly (P<0.05). The ileal VH and VH/CD of piglets in each experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the ileal CD was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The study indicates that adding 30~60 g/t of Clostridium butyricum to diet can increase the average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain of weaned piglets in the later period, improve the immune function and antioxidant capacity of piglets, and promote intestinal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to observe the effect of fermented Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance, serum immunity and biochemical indexes of weaned piglets. A total of 120 weaned piglets were selected and randomly divided into three groups, with four replicates in each group and ten pigs in each replicate. The piglets in control group were fed with basal diet, the piglets in group A (unfermented Chinese herbal medicine group) were fed with basal diet + 1.0% unfermented Chinese herbal medicine, and the piglets in group B (fermented Chinese herbal medicine group) were fed with basal diet + 1.0% fermented Chinese herbal medicine. The pre-trial period lasted for 7 d, and the formal trial period lasted for 28 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the average daily weight gain of piglets in group B was significantly increased (P<0.05), the average daily feed intake of piglets in group A was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio and diarrhea rates of test groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the serum IgA content of piglets in test groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), TNF- α content was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the content of IgM and IL-6 of group B were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the serum content of TP, GLB and activity of ALT of piglets in group B were significantly increased (P<0.05), and serum BUN content in test groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The study indicates that adding fermented Chinese herbal medicines to diet can significantly reduce the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets, improve growth performance, immune function and protein metabolism of piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment took weaned piglets as research object to explore the effect of adding yeast selenium, Astragalus polysaccharide and their compound in diet on growth performance, diarrhea rate and serum immunity, antioxidant and biochemical indexes. A total of 120 weaned piglets with similar body weight at 21 d were selected and randomly divided into four groups, with five replicates in each group and six piglets in each replicate, which were control group, yeast selenium group (0.3%), Astragalus polysaccharide group (0.1%), compound group (0.3% yeast selenium + 0.1% Astragalus polysaccharide). The pre-trial period was 7 d, and the formal test period was 28 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the final weight of weaned piglets in compound group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the feed to gain ratio of weaned piglets in each test group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the diarrhea rate was extremely decreased (P<0.01). Compared with control group, the serum IgA and IgM content of weaned piglets in yeast selenium group and compound group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The content of IgG was significantly increased (P<0.05), the serum content of complement C3 and C4 in weaned piglets in compound group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The content of IL-2 in weaned piglets in Astragalus polysaccharide group and compound group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the content of TNF-α was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the activity of serum SOD and T-AOC of weaned piglets in yeast selenium group and compound group were significantly increased (P<0.05), the serum GSH-Px activity of weaned piglets in each test group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the serum MDA content of weaned piglets in each test group was extremely decreased (P<0.01). The serum BUN content of weaned piglets in compound group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The study indicates that the use of yeast selenium and Astragalus polysaccharides can improve the growth performance of weaned piglets, reduce the diarrhea rate, and enhance the immunity and antioxidant capacity of body. The combined use of yeast selenium and Astragalus polysaccharides has a better effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils have excellent bacteriostatic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, promoting digestion and no residue and drug resistance. In animal husbandry, the use of plant essential oil as feed additive can effectively improve intestinal health, reduce diarrhea rate and improve growth performance of weaned piglets. The paper reviews the application effect and mechanism of plant essential oils in weaner piglets production, to provide reference for the application of plant essential oils in weaner piglets production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of CPAE (including kelp, sweet potato and rhus salt) replacing ZnO on growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal development and immune function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four 28-day-old 'Landrace x Yorkshire' first-born weaned piglets with the body weight of (8.20 ± 1.78) kg were randomly divided into two groups with six replicates in each group and two piglets in each replicate. The ZnO group was fed the basal diet supplemented with an additional 2 kg/t ZnO, and the CPAE group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 1 kg/t CPAE without additional ZnO. The experiment lasted for 14 d. The results showed that compared with ZnO group, there were no significant differences in average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed to gain ratio and digestibility of crude protein and ether extract of weaned piglets in CPAE group (P>0.05). Dietary CPAE had no effect on diarrhea rate of weaned piglets (P>0.05), but significantly increased villus height and villus crypto-ratio of duodenum (P<0.05). In CPAE group, IgA and IgG content of weaned piglets were significantly increased (P<0.01), and ALP and ALT activity of weaned piglets were significantly decreased (P<0.01). The experiment indicates that the substitution of ZnO by CPAE has similar effects in anti-diarrhea, growth promotion and maintenance of intestinal mucosal barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effect of different concentrations of benzoic acid on growth performance, diarrhea rate and serum indicators of weaned piglets with no-antibiotic diet. A total of 180 weaned piglets with body weight of （8.88 ± 0.29） kg were randomly divided into four groups with three replicates in each group and 15 piglets in each replicate. Piglets in group A （control group） were fed with a basal diet, and piglets in group B, group C and group D were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 2, 4 and 6 kg/t benzoic acid, respectively. The experiment lasted for 10 d. The results showed that the results showed that average daily feed intake （ADFI） and average daily gain （ADG） of piglets in group B were significantly higher than those in group A （P<0.05）. The feed to gain ratio in group C was significantly lower than that in group A （P<0.05）. The diarrhea index of piglets in group B and group D was significantly lower than that in group A （P<0.05）, and the diarrhea index of piglets in group D was the lowest. Compared with group A, the content of TP and GLB in serum of weaned piglets in group C were significantly increased （P<0.05）, the content of TC and BUN in serum were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. With the increase of benzoic acid supplemental level, the serum GLU content of piglets was significantly higher than that in group A （P<0.05）. The experiment indicates that diet supplemented with 4 kg/t benzoic acid can significantly improve growth performance, reduce diarrhea rate and improve immune function of weaned piglets with no-antibiotics diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of composite plant extracts Piper sarmentosum Roxb. and guava leaf on growth performance and serum indexes of weaned piglets. A total of 200 21-day-old weaned piglets were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with five replicates in each group and 20 piglets in each replicate. Piglets in control group were fed with a basal diet, the piglets in experimental group were fed with the basal diet supplemented with composite plant extracts at 200 mg/kg. The experimental period was 21 d. The results showed that there was no significant difference on growth performance of piglets among the groups（P>0.05）. Compared with control group, the experimental group supplemented with the compound plant extract in the diet significantly decreased the serum cholesterol（CHOL） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） content of piglets（P<0.05）, glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）activity was significantly increased（P<0.05）, serum content of interleukin-4（IL-4）, interleukin-10（IL-10） and transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） were significantly increased（P<0.05）, the content of interleukin-1β（IL-1β）,interleukin-6（IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） were significantly decreased（P<0.05）, and serum endotoxin（ET-1） content and diamine oxidase（DAO） activity were significantly decreased（P<0.05）. The study indicates that adding compound plant extracts to diet can improve the antioxidant performance and immune function of weaned piglets, and improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function of piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effect of fermented Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance and intestinal flora environment of weaned Songliao black pigs. 54 weaned Songliao black piglets of (35±1) d were randomly divided into three groups, with three replicates in each group and six pigs in each replicate. The piglets in control group were fed with basic diet, the piglets in group Ⅰ were fed a basal diet + 0.5% fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive, and piglets in group Ⅱ were fed with basal diet + 0.5% unfermented Chinese herbal medicine additive. The pre-experiment was 5 d, and the formal experiment was 30 d. The results showed that compared with the control group, the FW and ADG of group Ⅰ were significantly increased (P<0.05), and F/G was decreased (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the apparent digestibility of DM, CP, EE and Ash in groupⅠincreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of lactic acid bacteria in the intestines of groupⅠincreased (P>0.05), and the number of Escherichia coli decreased on 1~15 d (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of lactic acid bacteria increased significantly (P<0.05), and Escherichia coli decreased on 16~30 d (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of total nitrogen in feces of group Ⅰ decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the content of total phosphorus decreased on 1~15 d (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in feces of group Ⅰ decreased significantly on 16~30 d (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that fermented Chinese herbal medicine can improve growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on physicochemical blood parameters, nutrient apparent digestibility and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets. A total of 192 healthy 28-day-old weaned piglets (8.62±0.11) kg were randomly divided into four groups, with four replicates in each group and 12 piglets in each replicate. The piglets in control group were fed with basal diet, and T1 group, T2 group and T3 group added 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% MCT in the basal diet, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 d. The results showed that compared with the control group, the serum albumin content in T2 group was significantly increased ( P <0.05), the serum alkaline phosphatase content in T1 group was significantly reduced ( P <0.05). Different doses of MCT could significantly increase the digestibility of calcium ( P <0.05). MCT had no significant effect on duodenum, jejunum and ileum morphology and jejunum chyme digestive enzyme activity of weaned piglets ( P >0.05). The experiment indicates that MCT can reduce serum alkaline phosphatase, improve liver function and immunity, and increase calcium apparent digestibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protective zinc oxide is a kind of zinc oxide with high efficiency, high utilization rate and low dosage, which can effectively replace the conventional zinc oxide with high dosage. Protective zinc oxide can improve animal growth performance, reduce diarrhea rate, and improve coat condition. The paper reviews the types, characteristics, biological functions and application effect, of protective zinc oxide on weaned piglets, to provide reference for further research and comprehensive development and utilization of zinc oxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of enzymatic protein peptides in diet of weand piglets. A total of 150 healthy 21-day-old 'Duroc×Landrace×Large' white crossbred weaned piglets with similar body weight were randomly divided into five groups, with five replicates in each group and six piglets in each replicate, half in male and female. The experiment lasted 28 d. The piglets in control group were fed with basel diet, and the piglets in experimental groups were fed with basel diet supplmented with 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% enzymatic protein peptide, simulating the gastrointestinal digestion environment of piglets to study in vitro digestion level, effect on growth performance, serum indexes and apparent digestibility of nutrients. The results showed that compared with control group, average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) of weaned piglets in 6% and 8% enzymatic protein peptide group were extremely increased (P<0.01), and the diarrhea rate was extremely decreased (P<0.01). On 28 d, the serum urea nitrogen content in all groups was extremely lower than that in control group (P<0.01), and the serum globulin content was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01). Dry matter digestibility of piglets in 8% enzymatic protein peptide group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Crude protein digestibility in 6% and 8% enzymolysis protein peptide groups was extremely higher than that in control group (P<0.01). The experiment indicates that enzymatic protein peptide can improve the growth performance of weaned piglets, the index of serum protein synthesis and metabolism, and increase the apparent digestibility of dry matter and protein, and the most suitable addition is 6%~8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effect of different concentrations of coated humic acid sodium instead of zinc oxide on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes and intestinal villi of weaned piglets. One hundred and forty-four 28-day-old 'DurocxLandracexYorkshire' piglets with body weight (7.12±0.10) kg were randomly divided into four groups, with six replicates in each group and six piglets in each replicate. The experiment lasted for 28 d. The piglets were all fed with corn-soybean meal based diet. 1.5 g/kg coated humic acid sodium was added in group A, 3.5 g/kg coated humic acid sodium was added in group B, 2 g/kg zinc oxide was added in group C, and group D was the control group. The results showed that the feed to gain ration of group B was higher than other groups (P>0.05). The serum total antioxidant capacity of group B was significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). The serum glucose level of group B was significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). The villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of group B was extremely higher than other groups (P<0.01). The experiment indicates that adding 3.5 g/kg coated sodium humate in the diet of weaned piglets can effectively replace zinc oxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different supplemental levels of antimicrobial peptides on growth performance, diarrhea rate and immunization effect of classical swine fever vaccine in weaned piglets. 90 weaned piglets were randomly divided into three groups, the non supplemented group, the supplemented group Ⅰ and the supplemented group Ⅱ were supplemented with 0, 0.05% and 0.10% antimicrobial peptides in the basal diet, the experimental period was 30 d. The results showed that compared with non supplemented group, the final weight, average daily feed intake, average daily gain, CSFV antibody blocking rate and content of IgA, IgG and IL-2 in serum of supplemented group Ⅰ and supplemented group Ⅱ was content significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed weight ratio and diarrhea rate significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with supplemented group Ⅰ, the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, CSFV antibody blocking rate and content of IgG and IL-2 in serum of supplemented group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the diarrhea rate significantly decreased (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that adding antimicrobial peptides in diet can improve the growth performance, diarrhea rate and immunization effect of classical swine fever vaccine of weaned piglets, and the best effect is to add 0.10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]