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OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of Jianpi Huatan Xiaoying decoction on autoimmunity, swallowing function and serum Macrophage Inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), soluble interleukin receptor (sIL-2R) and thymidine kinase 1 ( S-TK1) in patients with thyroid dysfunction induced by immunotherapy of lung cancer. METHODS: Totally 88 patients with lung cancer admitted into the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Feb. 2020 to Feb. 2022 were extracted to be divided into the control group and the study group via the random number table method. Forty-four patients in the control group were treated with PD-1/ PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with conventional chemotherapy, while 44 patients in the study group received Jianpi Huatan Xiaoying decoction on the basis of the control group. Before and after treatment, immunoglobulin M (IgM), T lymphocyte subsets CD4 +, CD8 +, MIP-1α, SIL-2R, free thyroxin (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3), S-TK1, anti thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), and thyroid receptor antibody (TRAb) levels were measured. Wata drinking water test was used to determine the swallowing function of patients. The patients were evaluated with the EORTC QLQ-C30. Adverse drug reactions of two groups were compared. RESULTS: After treatment, the levels of IgM and CD4 + in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group, the levels of CD8 + were significantly lower than those in the control group, the levels of TT3 were significantly higher than those in the control group, the levels of TSH, TGAb and TRAb were significantly lower than those in the control group, the levels of MIP-1α, sIL-2R and S-TK1 were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the scores of swallowing function were significantly lower than those in the control group, the EORTC QLQ-C30 score was significantly higher than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the study group was 6. 82% (3 / 44), significantly lower than 29. 55% (13 / 44) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Jianpi Huatan Xiaoying decoction in the treatment of patients with thyroid dysfunction induced by immunotherapy of lung cancer can reduce the immune function injury of patients, improve the abnormal thyroid function, improve the levels of autoimmune antibodies, decrease the reduced swallowing function of patients, improve the quality of life, and reduce adverse drug reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effect of bisoprolol on H9C2 cardiomyocyte injury induced by ischemia reperfusion (I/ R) and its mechanism. METHODS: H9C2 cardiomyocytes were cultured in vitro and divided into the control group ( Control group ), hypoxia / reoxygenation ( H / R) model group ( Model group ), bisoprolol group (Bisoprolol group), bisoprolol + apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1 (ASK1) recombinant protein group (Bisoprolol+ ASK1 group). Except for the Control group, the H9C2 cardiomyocytes were treated with H / R injury in the rest groups. The cell viability was detected by cell counting kit (CCK8) method; the cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; the myocardial injury markers [ lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ), cardiac troponin T ( cTnT )] and inflammatory factors [ interleukin 6 ( IL-6), interleukin 1β ( IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)] levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the calcium ion concentration in cells was measured by laser confocal assay; the ASK1-c-Jun amino-terminal kinase ( JNK) / p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase ( p38 MAPK) signaling pathway-related protein expression was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the Control group, the H9C2 cell viability, LDH and cTnT levels were lower, the cell apoptosis rate, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were higher, the calcium ion concentration, p-ASK1 / ASK1, p-JNK/ JNK and p-p38 MAPK/ p38 MAPK ratio were higher in the Model group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). Compared with the Model group, the H9C2 cell viability, LDH and cTnT levels were higher, the cell apoptosis rate, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were lower, the calcium ion concentration, p-ASK1 / ASK1, p-JNK/ JNK and p-p38 MAPK/ p38 MAPK ratio were lower in the Bisoprolol group and Bisoprolol + ASK1 group, with statistically significant differences ( P < 0. 05). Compared with the Bisoprolol group, the H9C2 cell viability, LDH and cTnT levels were lower, the cell apoptosis rate, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were higher, the calcium ion concentration, p-ASK1 / ASK1, p-JNK/ JNK and p-p38 MAPK/ p38 MAPK ratio were higher in the Bisoprolol +ASK1 group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Bisoprolol can improve H9C2 cardiomyocyte injury induced by I/ R through inhibiting inflammatory response and calcium overload, its mechanism may related to the inhibition of ASK1-JNK/ p38 MAPK signaling pathway activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yiguanjian decoction combined with conventional western medicine in the treatment of ascites induced by liver cirrhosis. METHODS: CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, Embase, Web of science, PubMed and Clinical Trials databases were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials that met the screening criteria (the control group received conventional western medicine, while the observation group received Yiguanjian decoction on the basis of control group ), the search time was from the establishment of the database until Feb. 2023. The Cochrane Collaboration Network bias risk assessment was used for quality assessment, and Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5. 4 software. RESULTS: Totally 15 articles were enrolled, including 1 147 patients. Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the treatment regimen in the observation group could improve the total effective rate (RR = 1. 31,95%CI = 1. 24-1. 40,P<0. 000 01) and reduce abdominal circumference (MD = - 8. 26,95% CI = - 10. 44-- 6. 09,P < 0. 000 01), decrease body mass (MD= -6. 86,95%CI = -8. 23--5. 48,P<0. 000 01), increase 24 h urine volume (MD = 465. 38,95%CI = 351. 27- 579. 48,P<0. 000 01), and shorten disappearance time of ascites (MD= -7. 29,95%CI = -13. 97--0. 61,P = 0. 03), and improve liver function. Meanwhile, the incidence of adverse drug reactions in the observation group decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Yiguanjian decoction can improve the efficacy of conventional western medicine treatment of cirrhotic ascites, with few adverse drug reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of tislelizumab combined with PC regimen (pemetrexed + cisplatin) in the treatment of advanced lung cancer. METHODS: Totally 82 patients with advanced lung cancer in the hospital from Feb. 2021 to Feb. 2022 were extracted to be divided into the observation group (n =41) and the control group (n = 41) via the random number table method. The control group was treated with PC regimen, while the observation group received tislelizumab on the basis of the control group. The disease remission rate and adverse reactions were compared between two groups. Before treatment, after 2 cycles of treatment and after 4 cycles of treatment, the levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), T lymphocytes, serum phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) were compared between two groups. RESULTS: The disease remission rate of 56. 10% (23/41) in the observation group was higher than that of 34. 15% (14/41) in the control group, with statistically significant difference (P < 0. 05). After 2 cycles of treatment and after 4 cycles of treatment, the serum levels of CEA, CA125, CYFRA21-1, PI3K and Akt in two groups were lower than those before treatment, and after 4 cycles of treatment were lower than after 2 cycles of treatment, and the observation group were lower than the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). After 2 cycles of treatment and after 4 cycles of treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ / CD8+ in the observation group were higher than those before treatment and higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P >0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of tislelizumab combined with PC regimen in the treatment of advanced lung cancer is significant, which can reduce the level of tumor markers, inhibit the PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway and enhance immune function with higher safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of kaempferol (KMP) on inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with myocardial infarction (MI), and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: Fifty rats were randomly divided into the Sham operation group (Sham), model group (MI), KMP group (received KMP), DPQ group [received poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor] and KMP + DPQ group [received KMP combined with PARP-1 inhibitor], with 10 rats in each group. Except for the Sham group, MI models were established by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery in other groups. After the corresponding drug treatment, the cardiac function indexes of rats were examined by echocardiography, and the activities of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the pathological morphology of rat myocardium was observed by hemotoxylin and eosin staining, the apoptosis of rat cardiomyocytes was detected by TUNEL staining, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β protein and PARP-1 protein expression in myocardium was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with MI group, left ventricular end-systolic diameter and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter in the KMP group and DPQ group decreased significantly, left ventricular fractional shortening, left ventricular ejection fraction and serum CK-MB and cTnI levels increased significantly, and the pathological damage of myocardial tissue was significantly alleviated, the apoptosis rate, the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) decreased significantly, and the expression of inflammatory factor-related proteins and PARP-1 protein in myocardial tissue were significantly down-regulated, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). The improvement of cardiac function in the KMP+DPQ group was significantly better than that in the KMP group and DPQ group (P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: KMP may inhibit MI and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by down-regulating PARP-1 expression, thereby improving cardiac dysfunction in rats with MI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of glucocorticoid combined with human immunoglobulin in the treatment of children with Kawasaki disease (KD) and its effects on helper T lymphocyte (Th) 1/ Th2 and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) levels in peripheral blood. METHODS: Totally 83 children with KD admitted into the pediatrics department in this hospital from Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2021 were selected as observation subjects and were divided into the combination group (42 cases) and control group (41 cases) according to the odd or even admission number, both groups were given human immunoglobulin + aspirin, while the combination group was treated with glucocorticoid based on that basis. The efficacy was evaluated after 1 week of treatment, the durations of fever, duration of human immunoglobulin injection, lengths of stay and hospital costs of both groups were collected; the changes of laboratory indexes (white blood cell count, platelet count, hematokrit, C-reactive protein, serum albumin, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin) were measured before treatment and after 1 week of treatment; the changes of Th1/ Th2 cell ratio and GDF-15 level were detected before and after treatment; the incidences of adverse drug reactions such as urinary tract infection, electrocardiographic abnormality and blood glucose disorders of the two groups were collected. RESULTS: The total effective rate of the combination group was 90. 48% (38/42), which was higher than that of the control group (73. 17%, 30/41), with statistically significant difference (χ² = 4. 196, P = 0. 041). The combination group had shorter duration of fever, duration of human immunoglobulin injection and length of stay than those of the control group (t =-3. 924, -3. 644 and -3. 644, all P<0. 01), and the hospital cost of the combination group was less than that of the control group (t =-11. 871, P<0. 01), with statistically significant differences. There were no statistical significance in differences in laboratory indexes between two groups before and after treatment (P>0. 05). After 1 week of treatment, the Th1 cells proportion and the Th1/ Th2 ratio of the combination group were higher than those of the control group, while the Th2 cells proportion and GDF-15 level of the combination group were lower than those of the control group (P <0. 05); the difference values of Th1, Th2 and Th1/ Th2 before and after treatment were higher in the combination group than those in the control group (P<0. 05), with statistically significant difference. The incidences of total adverse drug reactions of the control group and the combination group were respectively 26. 83% (11/41) and 21. 43% (9/42), with no statistically significant difference (χ² = 0. 331, P = 0. 565). CONCLUSIONS: The overall effect of glucocorticoids combination with human immunoglobulin in the treatment of children with KD is better than that of human immunoglobulin alone, which can improved Th2 cell activation, maintained Th1/ Th2 balance and reduced GDF-15 level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of Shenxiong glucose combined with furosemide on levels of heart type-fatty acid binding protein (h-FABP ) and serum N-terminal B-type pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with cor pulmonale. METHODS: A total of 120 patients with COPD complicated with pulmonary heart disease admitted into Shijiazhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2020 to May 2021 were selected and divided into observation group and control group via the random number table, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with furosemide, while the observation group was given Shenxiong glucose combined with furosemide. The therapeutic effect, the h-FABP and NT-proBNP levels, and the cardio-pulmonary function before and after treatment were compared between two groups, and the incidences of adverse drug reactions of the two groups were observed. RESULTS: The total effective rate of the observation group was 93. 33% (56 / 60), which was significantly higher than that of the control group (80. 00%, 48 / 60), with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). Compared with before treatment, the h-FABP and NT-proBNP levels of both groups were lower after treatment, and those of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). Compared with before treatment, the cardiac output, ejection fraction and stroke volume of both groups were higher after treatment, and those of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). Compared with before treatment, the forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and arterial partial pressure of oxygen of both groups were higher after treatment, and those of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0. 05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions of observation group was 6. 67% (4 / 60), which was significantly lower than that of the control group (28. 33%, 17 / 60), with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Shenxiong glucose combined with furosemide in the treatment of patients with COPD complicated with PHD has good curative effect and high safety, which can reduce the h-FABP and NT-proBNP levels, and improve the cardio-pulmonary function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To explore the intervention of compound Kushen injection combined with gefitinib on hypercoagulable state in patients with advanced non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Ninety patients with non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma who were biochemical reported as hypercoagulable state in Center Hospital of Liaoyang from Jun. 2018 to May 2021 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 45 cases in each group. Patients in the two groups were treated with gefitinib, the observation group was given compound Kushen injection for 2 weeks (14 d) as a course, and both groups were treated with 4 courses. Coagulation changes [plasma prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen ( FIB)], coagulation metabolite changes [ D-dimer, fibrin degradation product ( FDP ), platelet count (PLT), platelet pressure product (PCT) and platelet aggregation rate (PAg)], hemodynamic indicators (erythrocyte aggregation indicator, hematocrit, capillary plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity low shearing and whole blood viscosity high shearing) before and after treatment in two groups were observed, the incidence of adverse drug reactions was recorded. RESULTS: After treatment, the PT, APTT and FIB levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, while the TT in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group, and there were significant differences in the levels of APTT, TT between the two groups (P<0. 05);the levels of D-dimer, FDP, PLT, PCT and PAg in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and there were significant differences in the levels of D-dimer, FDP and PAg between the two groups (P<0. 05);the hemodynamic indicators (erythrocyte aggregation indicator, hematocrit, capillary plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity low shearing and whole blood viscosity high shearing) of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the observation group was 11. 1% ( 5 / 45), significantly lower than 31. 1% ( 14 / 45) in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P< 0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: For patients with non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma in hypercoagulable state, the combination of compound Kushen injection and gefitinib has significant therapeutic effect, and can improve the hypercoagulability of patients with non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on proliferation and apoptosis of laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells through Bcl-2-associated X protein ( Bax ) / B cell lymphoma-2 ( Bcl-2) / cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3). METHODS: Laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells were treated with CGA culture medium of 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1 000 μmol / L for 24 and 48 h respectively to find out the most suitable concentration and treatment time of CGA. Laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells were divided into the control group (normally cultured laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells), CGA low concentration group ( 750 μmol / L CGA medium), CGA high concentration group ( 1 000 μmol / L CGA medium ), and CGA high concentration + pathway inhibitor group (1 000 μmol / L CGA medium+50 μmol / L Bax / Bcl-2/ Caspase-3 pathway inhibitor Bax inhibitor peptide V5). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to determine the proliferation inhibition rate of laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells in each group, flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells in each group, Western blotting was used to determine the expression of proliferation related protein (ki-67), apoptosis related protein (p53) and Bax / Bcl-2/ Caspase-3 signaling pathway related proteins in laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the proliferation inhibition rate, apoptosis rate, p53, Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression levels of laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells in CGA low and high concentration group were significantly higher, and the ki-67 and Bcl-2 protein expression levels were significantly lower, with statistically significant differences (P< 0. 05); and the proliferation inhibition rate, apoptosis rate, p53, Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression levels of laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells in CGA high concentration group were higher than those in CGA low concentration group, the of ki-67 and Bcl-2 protein expression levels were lower than those in CGA low concentration group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0. 05). Compared with the CGA high concentration group, the proliferation inhibition rate, apoptosis rate, p53, Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression levels of laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells in the CGA high concentration+pathway inhibitor group were significantly lower, and the ki-67 and Bcl-2 protein expression levels were significantly higher, with statistically significant differences ( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: CGA can significantly inhibit the proliferation of laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells and promote the apoptosis, which may be related to the activation of Bax / Bcl-2/ Caspase-3 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of walnut green husk extract on proliferation, apoptosis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) / mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. METHODS: Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to screen the proper concentration of walnut husk extract interfering with breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The breast cancer MCF-7 cells were divided into the blank control group, positive control group, walnut husk husk extract low concentration group, walnut green husk extract high concentration group, walnut green husk extract high concentration + EGFR agonist (NSC228155) group. CCK-8 and colony formation experiment were used to detect cell proliferation in each group. TUNEL method and flow cytometry were used to detect cell apoptosis in each group. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of proliferation, apoptosis and EGFR/ MAPK signaling pathway related proteins of cells in each group. RESULTS: When the concentration of walnut green husk extract was ≥20 μg/ mL, the cell proliferation rate decreased significantly, 20 μg/ mL and 40 μg/ mL were selected as the walnut green husk extract low and high concentration treatment, respectively. Compared with the blank control group, the cell proliferation rate, the number of cell colonies, the expression levels of CyclinD1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein, the ratio of phosphorylated-EGFR (p-EGFR) / EGFR, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) / extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK ), phosphorylated-p38 MAPK ( p-p38 MAPK ) / p38 MAPK and phosphorylated c-Jun amino-terminal protein kinase (p-JNK) / c-Jun amino-terminal protein kinase (JNK) protein in the positive control group, the walnut green husk extract low concentration group and high concentration group decreased significantly, and the rate of TUNEL positive cells, the apoptosis rate, the expression level of Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax) increased significantly, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). Compared with the walnut green husk extract low concentration group, the cell proliferation rate, the number of cell colonies, the expression levels of CyclinD1, PCNA and Bcl-2 protein, the ratio of p-EGFR/ EGFR, p-ERK/ ERK, p-p38 MAPK/ p38 MAPK and p-JNK/ JNK protein in the walnut green husk extract high concentration group decreased, and the rate of TUNEL positive cells, the apoptosis rate, the expression level of Bax protein increased, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the above indicators between the walnut green husk extract high concentration group and the positive control group (P >0. 05). Compared with the walnut green husk extract high concentration group, the cell proliferation rate, the number of cell colonies, the expression levels of CyclinD1, PCNA and Bcl-2 protein, the ratio of p-EGFR/ EGFR, p-ERK/ ERK, p-p38 MAPK/ p38 MAPK and p-JNK/ JNK protein in the walnut green husk extract high concentration + NSC228155 group increased, and the rate of TUNEL positive cells, the apoptosis rate, the expression level of Bax protein decreased, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Walnut green husk extract may inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells and induce the apoptosis by inhibiting the EGFR/ MAPK signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of ropivacaine on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and the Ras homolog gene family member A(RhoA) / Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase 1(ROCK1) signaling pathway in glioma U251 cells. METHODS: Glioma U251 cells were divided into negative control group, positive control group, and ropivacaine low, medium and high dose groups. The negative control group was cultured normally without treatment, the positive control group was given 10 μg / L of cis-platinum, the ropivacaine low, medium and high dose groups were respectively given 25 mg / L, 50 mg / L and 100 mg / L of ropivacaine. After 48 h of culture, the cell proliferation rate, apoptosis rate, cell invasion number and migration distance were detected by tetramethylthiazole blue method, flow cytometry, Transwell and scratch method, the expression of RhoA, ROCK1 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) protein were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the negative control group, the proliferation rate was decreased, the invasion number decreased, the migration distance was shortened, the expression of RhoA, ROCK1 and MMP-2 protein decreased, the apoptosis rate increased in the positive control and each dose group of ropivacain, with statistically significant differences(P<0. 05), and the ropivacaine was dose-dependent. Compared with the positive control group, the proliferation rate and the cell invasion number increased, the migration distance was prolonged, the expression of RhoA, ROCK1 and MMP-2 proteins increased, the apoptosis rate decreased in each dose group of ropivacaine, with statistically significant differences(P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Ropivacaine can inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma U251 cells, promote the apoptosis of glioma U251 cells, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of RhoA/ ROCK1 pathway expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of apatinib on tumor inhibition rate and tumor cell apoptosis in breast cancer mouse model by regulating extracellular regulated kinase ( ERK) 1 / 2 pathway. METHODS: Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells were inoculated in the right chest wall of nude mice, which were randomly divided into control group, low-dose group[10 mg / (kg·d) of Apatinib] and high-dose group[30 mg / ( kg·d) of Apatinib] after successful modeling, with 12 mice in each group. After intragastric administration once a day for 21 days, the tumor growth curves of three groups were plotted and the tumor inhibition rates were compared. After the last administration, the mice were executed and the tumor tissues were collected, the expression of ERK1 / 2 pathwayrelated proteins [ERK1 / 2, phosphorylated ERK1 / 2(p-ERK1 / 2)] in the tumor tissues was detected by Western blot. The effects of apatinib on MCF-7 cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: After processing with different concentrations of apatinib, the differences in apoptosis rate and the proportion of MCF-7 cells distributed in G0 -G1 phase were statistically significant ( P < 0. 05), among which the apoptosis rate and the proportion of MCF-7 cells distributed in G0 -G1 phase were significantly higher in the group given 20 μmol / L of apatinib than in the other low concentration groups, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). The tumor volumes of mice in the high-dose and low-dose groups were significantly lower than that of the control group at the 6th to 21st day of administration, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05), of which the tumor volumes of mice in the highdose group were the smallest. The mean tumor weights of the high-dose group and low-dose group on the 22nd day were respectively (0. 343±0. 089) g and (0. 658±0. 145) g, which were significantly lower than that of the control group[(1. 163±0. 231) g], with statistically significant differences(P<0. 05). The tumor inhibition rates of the highdose group and low-dose group were respectively 64. 46% and 34. 07%, and there was a dose dependence. The expression levels of ERK1 / 2 and p-ERK1 / 2 in mice in the high-dose group and low-dose group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05), of which the expression levels of ERK1 / 2 and p-ERK1 / 2 in mice in the high-dose group were the lowest. CONCLUSIONS: Apatinib can effectively inhibit the ERK1 / 2 signaling pathway in breast cancer cell, induce apoptosis and proliferation of tumor cells, and thus inhibit the growth of tumors in breast cancer mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of renal artery embolization combined with Adrenal hydrazone tablets on coagulation function and renal function in patients with acute renal hemorrhage. METHODS: A total of 61 patients with acute renal hemorrhage admitted into the Ninth People’ s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from Sept. 2019 to Sept. 2021 were selected and divided into the single treatment group ( n = 30) and the combined treatment group (n = 31) via random number table. The single treatment group was treated with renal artery embolization, while the combined treatment group received renal artery embolization combined with Adrenal hydrazone tablets. The renal function of two groups was compared. Plasma prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thrombin time ( APTT) and fibrinogen ( FIB) levels were determined by immunoturbidimetry, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin ( IL)-1 and IL-22 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The treatment effects and incidence of complications were observed. RESULTS: After treatment, the levels of hematocrit and hemoglobin in the combined treatment group were higher than those in the single treatment group, and the heart rate was lower than that in the single treatment group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). After treatment, the levels of serum creatinine, 24 h urine protein and blood urea nitrogen in the combined treatment group were lower than those in the single treatment group, the differences were statistically significant (P< 0. 05). After treatment, PT and APTT in the combined treatment group were longer than those in the single treatment group, and the levels of FIB, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-22 were lower than those in the single treatment group, the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0. 05 ). The total effective rate in the combined treatment group was 96. 77% (30 / 31), higher than 76. 67% (23 / 30) in the single treatment group; the incidence of complications in the combined treatment group was 3. 23% (1 / 31), lower than 20. 00% (6 / 30) in the single treatment group, the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Renal arterial embolization combined with Adrenal hydrazone tablets in the treatment of acute renal hemorrhage can improve the renal function and the coagulation function, effectively regulate the inflammatory reaction, with remarkable therapeutic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effect of Compound cantharis capsules on gastrointestinal hormone and Th1/Th2 immune balance in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after surgery. METHODS: Totally 86 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma received surgery admitted into the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering from Jun. 2018 to Jul. 2020 were selected and divided into observation group and control group via random number table, with 43 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional processing after surgery, while the observation group was treated with Compound cantharis capsules for 2 weeks since the second day after treatment based on the control group. Recovery of gastrointestinal function after surgery, levels of gastrointestinal hormone, peripheral blood Th1-like cytokines[including interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) ], Th2-like cytokines[including interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 10 ( IL-10) ], proportion of Th1 cell and Th2 cell, Th1/Th2, incidences of postoperative complications and adverse drug reactions during treatment were observed. RESULTS: After surgery of cholangiocarcinoma, the recovery time of bowel sounds, the first anal venting and defecation time of patients in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0. 05). After treatment, the motilin (MTL) and gastrin (GAS) levels of both groups were significantly higher than those of before treatment, the MTL and GAS levels of observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group; the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels of both groups were significantly lower than those of before treatment, and the VIP level of observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0. 05). After treatment, the peripheral blood IL-2, IFN-γand TNF-α levels, proportion of Th1 cell and Th1/Th2 value of both groups were significantly higher than those of before treatment, and those of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group; the IL-4 and IL-10 levels and proportion of Th2 cell of both groups were significantly lower than those of before treatment, and those of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group, with statistically significant differences (P <0. 05). The incidence of complications was 32. 56% (14/43) in the observation group, which was slightly lower than41. 86% (18/43) in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0. 05). During treatment, the incidences of adverse drug reactions were respectively 60. 47% ( 26/43) in the observation group and 58. 14% (25/43) in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of Compound cantharis capsules on patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after surgery can promote the recovery of gastroenteric function, regulate gastrointestinal hormones, increase the proportions of Th1-like cytokines and Th1 cell, decrease the proportions of Th2-like cytokines and Th2 cell, improve the Th1/Th2 immune balance and reduce postoperative complications, with good safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of liraglutide and glimepiride in the treatment of patients with inadequately glycemic controlled type 2 diabetes with insulin pump and its adverse drug reactions. METHODS: Totally166 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted into Hengshui People’s Hospital from Aug. 2018 to Aug. 2020 were extracted, after 7 d of continuous treatment with subcutaneous insulin pump ( insulin dosage ＞ 0. 7 IU/kg), the blood glucose was still not up to standard. All patients were divided into the research group ( n = 84) and the control group ( n = 82) via the random number table. The control group was treated with glimepiride, while the research group received liraglutide. Peripheral blood biochemical indicators [glycated hemoglobin ( HbA1 c), fasting blood glucose ( FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose ( 2 h PG), triglycerides ( TG), total cholesterol ( TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C), lipoprotein-related phospholipase A2 ( Lp-PLA2) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP) ], insulin-related indicators [fasting insulin ( FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR) ], renal function indicators [serum uric acid ( SUA), creatinine ( SCr), urinary protein excretion rate ( UAER) and urine microalbumin/urinary creatine liver ( ACR) ]and vascular function of both lower limbs [intravascular median membrane thickness ( IMT), peak systolic velocity ( PSV)and stenosis rate] and adverse drugs reactions of two groups were recorded before treatment and after treatment of3 months. RESULTS: After treatment of 3 months, the levels of HbA1 c, FBG, 2 h PG, TG, TC, LDL-C, Lp-PLA2 and hs-CRP in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, while the levels of HDL-C were significantly higher than those before treatment; compared with the control group, the levels of HbA1 c, FBG, 2 hPG, TG, TC, LDL-C, Lp-PLA2, hs-CRP and other biochemical indicators in the research group decreased significantly, while the levels of HDL-C increased significantly, with statistically significant difference ( P ＜ 0. 05). After treatment of 3 months, the levels of FINS, HOMA-IR and other indicators in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the levels of FINS and HOMA-IR in the research group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P ＜ 0. 05). After treatment of 3 months, the levels of renal function indicators such as UAER, SCr, SUA and ACR, and vascular function indicators such as IMT, PSV and stenosis rate of two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment; and the levels of the above renal function indicators and vascular function indicators of the research group were significantly lower than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( P ＜ 0. 05). There were no severe adverse drug reactions in two groups after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of insulin pump combined with liraglutide is better than glimepiride in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Liraglutide has a more significant effect on blood glucose, blood lipids, islet function and renal function, and has higher safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the risk factors for severe thrombocytopenia or bleeding induced by tirofiban.METHODS: PubMed,EMBase,the Cochrane Library,CNKI,CBM,Wanfang and VIP database were retrieved to collect the literature of risk factors for severe thrombocytopenia or bleeding induced by tirofiban.The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to Feb. 2020. Two researchers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted the data and evaluated the quality. RevMan 5. 3 software was used for Meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 10 literature were included,including 2 foreign language literature and 8 Chinese literature,and 10 141 patients were enrolled.A total of 13 exposure factors were screened out.The univariate Meta-analysis results showed that patients’ old age (MD = 6. 23,95% CI = 4. 58-7. 88),emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (OR = 3. 48,95%CI = 2. 25-5. 38),hypertension (OR = 1. 37,95%CI = 1. 08-1. 72),reduced platelet aggregation rate (MD =-8. 91,95% CI =-11. 17--6. 66),reduced platelet count (MD =-21. 93,95%CI =-32. 81--11. 04),reduced serum creatinine (MD = 10. 01,95% CI = 1. 75-18. 27),reduced creatinine clearance (MD =-32. 16,95% CI =-36. 06--28. 25),reduced glomerular filtration rate (MD =-15. 19,95% CI =-19. 11--11. 26) and the combined application of multiple anticoagulants (OR = 0. 89,95%CI = 0. 53-1. 25) were risk factors for severe thrombocytopenia or bleeding induced by tirofiban (P ＜ 0. 05) . Multivariate Meta-analysis results showed that old age (＞65 years),hypertension,emergency percutaneous coronary intervention and reduced glomerular filtration rate (＜60 ml/min) were independent risk factors for severe thrombocytopenia or bleeding induced by tirofiban (P＜ 0. 01) . The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that the stability of the results was good. CONCLUSIONS:Patients should be alert to severe thrombocytopenia or bleeding when using tirofiban. For patients with risk factors,individualized evaluation should be carried out in advance to reduce the occurrence of adverse drug reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the key points of pharmaceutical care for severe drug-induced thrombocytopenia induced by levofloxacin. METHODS: Clinical pharmacists performed medication analysis and monitoring on patients with severe drug-induced thrombocytopenia, and concluded that thrombocytopenia was most likely induced by levofloxacin sodium chloride injection, the clinicians were advised to stop using the drugs. The clinicians adopted the recommendation and discontinued levofloxacin sodium chloride injection. RESULTS: By discontinuing levofloxacin, along with platelet enhancement and coagulation factor supplement, the condition of the patient eventually improved. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical pharmacists can improve the safety of clinical medication by providing pharmaceutical care for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]