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In this study, the energy consumption of a vertical closed display refrigerator (680 Liters) in day-night modes and in different product temperature classes was experimentally investigated. Closed display refrigerator works with R290 (propane) refrigerant. Moreover, non-adiabatic capillary tube (suction line heat exchanger) system is used in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The experimental setup was carried out and calibrated in accordance with the TS EN ISO 22044:2022 standard. Experiments were carried out for 24 hours in a test room providing a temperature of 25°C ± 0.8°C and a relative humidity of 60% ± 2%. The commercial refrigerator has been tested under full load (700 pcs. 330 ml cans), in day and night modes, and in two different temperature classes (K1 and K4). Can temperatures which tested in the K1 temperature class were kept between 0°C-7°C. These temperature values for the K4 temperature is between 1°C-9°C. In the experiments of the K1 temperature class, 3.255 kWh/24h and 1.379 kWh/24h energy were consumed during the day and night, respectively. In the experiments of K4 temperature class, these values were measured as 3.089 kWh/24h in day mode and 1.341 kWh/24h in night mode. As a result, the energy consumption in the K1 temperature class was 5.37% and 2.83% higher in day and night modes, respectively, compared to the K4 temperature class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steam traps are critical to energy efficiency in many industrial facilities. The types of steam traps, their uses, and application problems (such as installation, sizing, material compatibility, working conditions) have been explained in this study. The most common causes of steam trap problems and methods for maintenance and repair are explained in detail. Steam leakage measurements in an industrial plant were used to demonstrate the economic significance of steam traps. Based on the analyses, the one-year energy loss cost for the plant with 105 steam traps was determined to be $561,384, and was reduced to $93,287 after the maintenance period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, energy efficiency applications that differ from other building types in hospitals are discussed. Hospitals have a different characteristic from other building types in terms of energy consumption. There are different energy efficiency applications especially in terms of design and operation in this building type with high energy usage intensity. There is an obligation to achieve at least 15% energy saving compared to the reference value in buildings that are obliged to appoint an energy manager until 2023. In addition to the energy efficiency applications specified in the application guide, some energy efficiency applications in hospitals that are different from other buildings are specified in this study. In particular, by preserving pressure relations with building automation flow rate reduction in operating rooms during non-use hours (night mode), use of F9 filters instead of H13 in intensive care units, adjustment of the pressure in the compressed air system to the lowest possible value and utilization of waste heat with heat pumps were discussed. It was calculated that there is a 33.7% energy saving opportunity for 25% air flow reduction from the ventilator and aspirator by operating the air handling units in night mode in the absence of surgery. It was also found that 40,640,000 TL can be saved in operating costs across Turkey by using F9 filters instead of H13 in intensive care units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy takes an important shares in the nowadays classifications on the country development level. The energy consumption rate is considered as an effective parameter in all the future planning of the countries. Accordingly, scientific studies are important to reduce energy consumption. In this study, the effects of using insulation and phase change material (PCM) on the floors were investigated on energy efficiency and comfort conditions. In a building consisting of basement, ground floor and two normal floors, different scenarios were studied for simultaneously heated and unheated zones. In these scenarios, the effects of these parameters on the heat loads, zone temperature and energy consumption were investigated using three different types of flooring (uninsulated, insulated, and insulated and including PCM). According to the findings obtained from the study, the heat load of the zones decreased with the use of the insulation and PCM on the floor and ceiling. At the same time, it was determined that the thermal comfort conditions were improving as the zone temperatures were closer to the set point temperature. The results show that the use of insulation and PCM in floors and ceilings decrease the annual energy consumption and provides a significant increase in the energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing population and developing technology, energy consumption and costs are increasing day by day. Our country has limited resources in terms of fossil energy sources and is dependent on foreign sources. The main objective is to meet the energy needs reliably, economically and adequately. In this context, efficient use of energy is important. Energy efficiency is the minimization of the amount of energy spent, without reducing the capacity and quality of production, preventing economic development and social welfare. In this study, energy efficiency applications in compressed air pneumatic systems are discussed. The elements that increase efficiency in the design of the compressed air system were determined; savings that can be achieved by reducing operation pressures in pneumatic equipments such as compressor, cylinder and vacuum ejector have been calculated. Physical findings about the detection and cost of leakages that cause serious costs were examined and a way was provided for the use of products with energy saving functions. It is considered that the study will be a guide in the activities of reducing the energy density and the carbon footprint of our country, which is highly dependent on foreign energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the energy consumption corresponding to the production values of an automobile assembly plant (press, body, paint shop and assembly sections) was examined. Throughout the plant, systems are examined which are consume energy intensely. Production-consumption analyzes were made over datas of 2013, 2014 and 2015. The average annual production rate of the plant in which examined is 150,000 units/year. The three-years average specific energy consumption for per car is (SEC), 500.00 kWh/unit for electricity (SECe), 650.00 kWh/unit for natural gas (SECng) and totally 1,150.00 kWh/unit was calculated. Regression analysis method was used in production-consumption analysis. This method is used to show the relationship between two or more variables. In this study, the production-consumption energy quantities of the fabrics are examined and the relationship between them is revealed. As a result of energy efficiency studies, the three-years average energy consumptions of the plant will be reduced by 2.00% for electricity and 0.30% for thermal energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Majority of electrical energy used for compressed air production is lost because of irreversibility. Due to compression process loses, compressed air is more expensive than electricity as an energy source. In this study, all aspects required to evaluate compressed air system energy efficiency are represented. Determined energy efficiency increasing methods are; application of waste heat recovery, leakage prevention, reducing compressor inlet air temperature, compressor outlet pressure reduction and use of high efficiency motors. By using related calculation methods annual total energy and annual financial saving values are calculated. Total emission reduction is calculated using proper specific emission factors for natural gas and electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the biggest signs of the development level of countries is the efficient usage of energy. With energy efficiency, taking the rapidly consumed primary energy resources under control is aimed worldwide. In our country, approximately one fifth of the industrial electricity is consumed by the pumps. The most common mistake in the systems with the pumps are the wrong pump selections and wrong pumping system designs. It is possible to provide a high amount of energy saving potential with improvements in these types of systems. In this study, energy-saving potential in the pumps and pumping systems used in water treatment units operating in iron-steel industry is examined. As a result of the examinations made, centrifugal pump flow rate was seasonally bound to the operator initiative and was working with double and three pumps before the improvements, after the improvements, pumping system is taken out of the operator control and instead, an automation program is adapted to the system. Set temperature value is determined for the cooling system and by operating the pumps with variable speed with the help of the frequency convertor; water flow rates which will keep the set temperature value fixed is pumped to the system. As a result, energy consumption is reduced from approximately 240 kWh to 109 kWh in winter conditions and approximately from 347 kWh to 125 kWh in summer conditions, in total, annual value of 2.241.000 kWh is reduced to 920.000 kWh annual values. The system improvement investment cost is 266.685 TL and the payback time which will be paid off by the energy-saving is calculated as 11 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, for sugar mills has been considered the energy and exergy analysis method. Calculation of the energy and exergy values are very important for sugar factories. The methods and equations for energy and exergy analysis of sugar factories is presented. Energy and exergy analysis in sugar production processes are very important for business profitability. For the profitability of enterprises, to maximum saving in energy must be achieved and minimization of exergy losses is needed. This is possible with the usage of right energy and exergy analysis methods and equations. The energy and exergy analysis methods and equations which will be an example and will form a model, are presented for all sugar factories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As it is known fossil fuels, most important energy sources are depleting swiftly. Greenhouse gases produced during energy production and consumption processes, is the most important reason of global warming and climate changes. Moreover, 70 percent foreign-dependence of energy sources of our country poses appreciable risks. In this study firstly, electricity consumption and its cost is calculated when standard household appliances are used. After that, in order to decrease the amount of energy consumed highly efficient household appliances are used and electricity consumption and its cost is calculated again. Finally, same calculations are carried out with time-of-use pricing. As a result, electricity consumption costs decreased about 35 percent when highly efficient household appliances are used. This decrease adds up to 50 percent at time-of-use pricing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The competence around the elevator marjet place has resulted in diminish of the concept of energy efficiency only to energy consumption on running. As a result, conventional hydraulic elevators are ranked in the lowest category. In fact, the energy efficiency includes energy equivalence of service and maintenance costs beside energy consumption on running and idle conditions for the elevators. The design of the hydraulic elevators is an important factor affecting energy consumption. Keeping the oil temperature under control is one of the essential factors which improves energy saving, running performance and service life. Counter-weighing on hydraulic elevator systems haven't used widely so far, but its usage increases by changing face of market strategies in order to decrease energy consumption. Thermal-equilibrium temperature and energy consumption can be significantly reduced by means of counter-weighing especially for intensively used elevators. In this paper, the effects of the designs considering thermal equilibrium temperature and counter-weighting on energy efficiency are investigated for the elevators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]