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This paper examines the variation of the PEFs for DH networks in Estonia. The Estonian average DH PEF as well as for DH networks with different configurations are calculated based on principles described in EVS-EN 15316-4-5:2007. The initial data for calculation of Estonian DH PEF is from Statistics Estonia. The calculation results are analyzed and compared with the existing DH PEF. The conclusive part consists of the observed compliance of valid PEF value and its determination principles with the definition and nature of PEFs. The main discrepancies are highlighted and analyzed. The possibilities to minimize or avoid them are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The EU energy policy sets an energy efficiency increase target of 20%, which is being implemented in the legislation of Member States in different ways. The greatest potential for energy savings of nearly 40% lies in buildings. The Spanish building sector has developed several instruments for significant savings. The purpose of this study is to analyze those instruments and their effectiveness and efficiency. In Spain, energy efficiency in buildings is improving more slowly than in other EU Member States, but the new regulation will open a new opportunity to recover the lost years. However, the current economic crisis, demotivation of its citizens, decentralization of power in energy matters and the large stock of housing for sale, impede achievement of energy efficiency goals [Copyright &y& Elsevier]