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Abstract: A lot of work has been done in the field of multi-valued model checking home and abroad. But some research works are not perfect. Some problems in the semantic definitions of temporal operators and corresponding model checking algorithms are found in the paper “Model Checking Using Partial Kripke Structure with 3-Valued Temporal Logic”. Some counterexamples are given to show these errors. On the basis of the discussion, some sound semantic definitions of temporal operators and correct algorithms of model checking for some temporal operators are given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In a future energy generation market, the storage of energy is going to become increasingly important. Besides classic ways of storage, like pumped storage hydro power stations, etc, the production of hydrogen will play an important role as an energy storage system. Hydrogen may be stored as a liquefied gas (LH2) on a long term base as well as for short term supply of fuel stations to ensure a so called “green” mobility. The handling with LH2 has been subject to several recent safety studies. In this context reliable simulation tools are necessary to predict the spill and spreading of LH2 during an accidental release. This paper deals with the different boiling regimes: film boiling, transition boiling and nucleation boiling after a release and their modeling by means of an inhouse-code for wall evaporation, which is implemented in the commercial CFD code ANSYS CFX. The paper will describe the model, its implementation and validation against experimental data, such as the HSL LH2 spill experiments [1]. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A detailed mathematical simulation and experimental investigation of airflow in solar chimneys is studied in this paper. Several experimental studies were carried out on the solar chimney; their choice depends on the parameter of the design and the thermal performances for different geometrical configurations. The experimental tests show that the field speeds in the chimney is influenced by the width of the channel and also of the angle of inclination of the chimney. Therefore, investigations have been carried out in this paper to find the effect of inclination on the performance of solar chimney in Ouargla Province, Algeria. The simulation of this problem is implemented into the commercial CFD code Fluent 6.3. 26. The conservation equations of mass, continuity and energy are solved by the Finite Volume Method. The validation of the results is presented. An good agreement between the experimental results and simulation ones is observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper uses Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine for reference. According to the characteristics of ocean current movement, this paper gives several dome model programs for the straight blade vertical-axis tidal turbine. Make use of it to increase its output power. This paper gives several dome model programs for the straight blade vertical-axis tidal turbine. And optimum scheme is chosen by numerical simulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper adopts standard k−ɛ turbulence model and other mathematical models, and completing the blending lignite combustion numerical simulation of 600 MW boiler of one power plant. Three conditions were simulated in this paper, and these three conditions were compared and analyzed, the basic conclusion is consistent with the test. The result shows that the combustion character of blending lignite is lower than burning soft coal. Burning lignite shows a decline furnace temperature, and the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. Pay attention to adjust the reasonable operating manner, and the operation is safety and economic. At the same time this paper also provides a useful reference for researching tangentially fired boiler furnace process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the widespread popularity and application of the network, the new words appear on the internet one after another. The research on the generation of new words on the network has been a revelation to the innovation environment cultivation. This paper summarizes the type and the producing process of the new words on the internet, analyzes the innovation environment of new words on the network, and builds an innovation environment model of new words on the network from network environment, the structure of the internet users, the entertainment and virtual features of the network communication. On the basis of it, the paper discusses the innovation environment building in the context of the network and proposes to create a broad-based participation, free exchange, and timely sharing and dissemination innovation environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Mobile Cloud Computing has become as a new IT paradigm because of the growth of mobile device like smartphone and appearance of Cloud Computing environment. This mobile cloud environment provides various services and IT resources according to users’ requests, so an effective management of service and IT resources is required. Hence, this paper designs a context model based on ontology in mobile cloud computing in order to provide distributed IT resources and services to users based on context-awareness information. As the context model proposed in this paper uses context-aware information, it enables to provide more accurate personalized services and manage distributed IT resources. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: By the use of modelling software, this paper set up the three-dimensional physical model of single-stage turbine and guided it into the pre-process software. After meshing the turbine flow channel, simulating the mud flow characteristics in Turbine with CFD, and calculating the pressure drawdown at the inlet/outlet and the pressure distributions in single-stage turbine. Such results indicate that the pressure drawdown of single-stage turbine is influenced by the mud discharge capacity, drilling fluid density and viscosity. The pressure drop increases with the augment of mud discharge, which is approximately linear. There are significantly positive correlations between the pressure drawdown and the increase of mud density. The research in the paper provides reliable guidance in turbine flow channel design and the drilling technological parameters optimizing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Because of burstiness, weak economy, time-uncertain of emergency logistics system, the paper constructs the operation model and its evaluation index system for emergency logistics system. In view of the imperfection of subjective determining index weight method in traditional evaluation, the index weight coefficients are determined by information entropy method of combining subjective judgment with objective evaluation. Then the fuzzy clustering and information entropy to determine the weights are used into emergency logistics system reliability evaluation. Finally the paper obtains a specific solution steps based on an example. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Robot is widely used in industrial domain and pose accuracy of end-effector is an important indicator for judging robot performance. Calibration is a necessary for operating industrial robot and an effective and efficient means of accuracy improvement. This paper describes the development of a calibration procedure for a five degree of freedom serial robot using the laser tracker. The main goal of this paper is to utilize measurements relative to the end-effector of the robot to compensate errors. The robot kinematic model is computed to help identify the deviations. Robot parameter deviations can be identified so that the nominal parameters can be corrected. The experimental results are validated effectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A large AC generator is an important component of the power system. Researches on the AC generator relaying for the next-generation ECMS and an efficient operation of protection control system are necessary. These require developments on detailed generator modeling and internal fault analysis, and prototyping for multifunctional IED device dedicated to next-generation production. In this paper, over-excitation relaying algorithm is one of the main protection elements which have an important role in DGPS(Digital Generator Protection System), was proposed. This paper first briefly introduces a principles of over-excitation and DFT-based gain compensation algorithm was adopted for the frequency measurement. Subsequently, protection scheme of over-excitation was presented. The 765[kV] modeling data of South Korea using EMTP-RV was used for simulations. The simulation result of over-excitation relaying are also provided. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The numerical modeling of High Temperature Air Combustion (HTAC) could correctly predict the flame and emission characteristics so far, however, the precision is not satisfactory. In this paper, a parameter-modified Eddy-Break-Up (EBU) model with a three-step reaction scheme was used to simulate the HTAC process in a furnace of 2m ×2m×6.25m. Reynolds stress model (RSM) is used for the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Comparison between experimental data from published papers, the original and modified EBU combustion models demonstrates that a smaller coefficient ‘A’ in the volumetric fuel consumption rate of the EBU model could improve the modelling precision. When ‘A’ is modified to be 1 other than its original value, 4, in the EBU model, the modeling could give improved results of the local distribution of CH4, temperature and NO emission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Multi-beam bathymetry sonar is one of the current important equipments for seafloor bathymetry information detection. This paper extends the phase center cross-correlation method (PCCCT) which is successfully used in a 3- row bathymetric sidescan sonar to multi-beam bathymetry sonar, and a 3-subarray Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation method based on phase difference measurement is proposed. A comparison with the split-beam DOA estimation method which is commonly used in multi-beam bathymetry sonar is employed. The paper analyzes the basic principle of the new method in details, and derives its mathematical model expression. The performance analysis is accomplished in theory. Computer simulation data is processed, and the results show that the 3-subarray DOA estimation method is effective and practical for multi-beam bathymetry sonar. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper tries to widen the notion of adaptation to take account of bidirectional adaptations between the context and activities so as to ensure not only the activity adaptation but also the adaptation of the context of the user to the requirements of the activities. What''s more, this paper presents a bidirectional adaptations workflow management algorithm (BAWM) for the route-choice of campus navigation, which can dynamically adjust workflow execution behaviors based on current context information and the user activities. This paper also manages to show that the correctness of the BAWM algorithm by formulating it as a Petri-net model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper introduces the craniofacial data acquisition, three-dimensional reconstruction, the method of the distance measurement, angle measurement, area measurement and volume measurement of the threedimensional model of craniofacial, based on the project of ‘The Tibetan craniofacial databases and quantitative analysis method’. The innovation of the paper is adopting a standard part in the process of data collection so as to provide a reference for measurement and error analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Bayesian method is good to improve precision and earn cost, but it would be constrain to use in situation of field data be different with prior data in overall distribution, as generally change model or give up Bayesian method in this situation. In this paper, with consideration of physical connection of prior data and field data, thoughts of using Bayesian fusion method in different overall distribution between prior data and field data was developed, which was from 3 conditions of function of prior data and field data: distribution form and parameters were known, parameter had prior distribution and only distribution form were know. At last, an example was given to explain the usage method promoted by this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The efficiency and maturity of the information management system development environment in embedded Linux OS are not convenient for programmer. This paper synthesizes the technologies including memory-share, miniGUI and expat, and presents a complete information management system frame in embedded Linux OS. The reference model in this paper satisfies the design and implementation of an information management system based on embedded Linux OS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Currently, the cloud computing is welcome in scholars and enterprise, because of its good features such as low investment, easy maintenance, Flexibility and fast deployment, reliable service. However, when the cloud computing is implemented, the security and credibility is one of the biggest obstacles. In cloud computing, users directly use and operate software of cloud service providers, operating system, even programming environment and network infrastructure, so the impact and breakage users caused for cloud software and hardware resources more serious than the current Internet users to share resources. So whether the behavior and behavior subject is credible or not, how to authenticate and control user behavior, these are important parts of the cloud computing study. This paper presents the concept of user behavior authentication, discusses how to authenticate and control user behavior in the cloud computing environment according to the user''s behavior, include establishment of behavior authentication set, mechanisms of behavior authentication and control, corresponding mode of Stochastic Petri Nets, False Negative rates and algorithm performance etc. Paper lays the theoretical and practical foundation for the real application of cloud computing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to monitor the specific information of Ed2k-based network, this paper, based on the currently P2P traffic identification and Ed2k-based network, established an initiative monitoring model in view of specific information eMule-based Ed2k network. This model, based on the specific information which to be monitored, Ed2k network adopts the initiative detection and pseudo-client technology to repeatedly detect Ed2k practical audience information, and then gets the audience information related with specific information. Then mathematically statistically analyzes the obtained audience information to determine the disseminative trend of specific information in Ed2k network; and provides data support for specific information pre-warning or forecasting. Finally, this paper proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed monitoring model by the achieved system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the Internet and virtual reality (virtual reality) technology, Web3D technology is generated; its aim is the Internet-based three-dimensional virtual world.VRML Virtual reality modeling language is the most widely used application on web3D three-dimensional scene description language. VRML''s shortcomings are just a description language with the lack of complex behavior and interactive programming support.Combined with the virtual environment, this paper establishes the integrated application of Java3D and VMRL build Web-based virtual environment application framework. Meanwhile, the paper also analyzes the technical features of VRML and Java3D, which gives VMRL and application in a virtual environment Jav3aD on some implementation details. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we propose an ear recognition system based on 2D ear images which includes three stages: ear enrollment, feature extraction and ear recognition. Ear enrollment includes ear detection and ear normalization. The ear detection approach based on Gentle Adaboost algorithm detects the ear part under complex background using two steps: off-line cascaded classifier training and on-line ear detection. Then Active Shape Model is applied to segment the ear part and normalize all the ear images to the same size. For its eminent characteristics in spatial local feature exaction and orientation selection, Gabor-based ear is presented in this paper. Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis is applied for dimension reduction of the high-dimensional Gabor features. Then distance based classifier is applied for ear recognition. The experimental results on USTB ear database show effectiveness of the proposed approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Many world natural heritages in China contain various protected areas, such as the nature reserve and the scenic park. In many heritage sites the heritage resource are not well protected and managed because of the existed problems in management, including lack of the chaotic of management aims, the complexity management structure, the nonconformity of management system. The effective management is the key to protect the world natural heritage. In order to seek the effective management model to manage the world natural heritage in China, it should learn from the international conversation system and protected manners of resources, the successful experiences of advanced national park management model in American and other countries. In this paper, taking the Jiajin Mountains Giant Panda Sanctuary as an example, the concept of national park management model was introduced to the world natural heritage in China. It examined the Jiajin Mountains Giant Panda Sanctuary national park management model by combining the Chinese national conditions. Firstly, the paper introduced the Jiajin Mountains giant panda sanctuary briefly. Secondly, it analyzed the conditions of protection and management in Jiajin Mountains Giant Panda Sanctuary and showed the existed problems of heritage management. Finally, it discussed the feasibility and necessity on national park managing the Jiajin Mountains Giant Panda Sanctuary. Therefore, it was carried on the useful exploration to constructer the national park management model of the world natural heritage with Chinese characteristic. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on the research of the concept and structure of project complexity, the Construction System Complexity Concept Model (CSCCM) is built, considering the characters of construction project. In this paper, the behavior of the construction system is described in six angles of view, including engineering technology, project stakeholders’ organization structure, engineering task, engineering information, project objectives and project environment. The CSCCM built in this paper is the base of the development of Construction System Complexity Measurement Model (CSCMM) and using of the complexity theory to construction project management. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Multiple resources leveling problem is a hard nut to crack. In this paper, ant colony optimization is employed to solve multiple resources leveling problem. First of all, this paper introduced the basic models, advantages and disadvantages, as well as the application of ant colony optimization. Then, the model of multiple resources leveling optimization was established. Finally, combined with the basic principle of ant colony optimization and the essence of multiple resources leveling, this paper design the algorithm for multiple resources leveling based on ant colony optimization, and put forward the optimization steps. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Seismic peak ground acceleration(PGA) is one of the important factors for reflecting the potential earthquake risk. PGA attenuation model commonly used assumed mathematical model, the use of regression analysis to establish the relevant parameters, but the model itself invariance restrictions on the range and accuracy. This paper proposes the application of RBF neural network model predicted PGA attenuation, the steps of RBF network structure elements and parameters are analyzed. With example the research verify that the predictive value base on the RBF neural network model is more consistent with the actual value. The analytic method and process discussed in this paper can also be applied to calculate and draw up the seismic ground motion parameter zonation in different region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on the problem of underground vertical U-tube heat exchangers in ground source heat pump systems in Shenchi station of Shuohuang railway, the transient heat transfer physical and mathematical model of the soil and borehole temperature field is established. Finite element numerical simulation is made by virtue of MATLAB software. Through the method of numerical simulation, the paper analyzes the soil temperature, obtains the distribution of isotherms around the pipes and the scope of the heat transfer, and understands the heat transfer performance around the pipe intuitively. Based on the model and numerical solution, the paper analyzes the changes of temperature field about the soil around ground heat exchangers in different ways which involve geological conditions operating mode, layout, pipe depth, and pipe coupling interval situation, and then the dates are obtained to help the engineering design of ground heat exchangers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: As a tool, Comprehensive Evaluation based on fuzzy matter-element model provides a way to calculate risks. This paper introduces the common theory of fuzzy matter-element model evaluation, puts up general procedures of risk evaluation based on fuzzy matter-element model evaluation, and establishes model of fuzzy matter-element model risk evaluation as well as comprehensive evaluation method based on fuzzy matter-element model. This paper, through a real project, analyses risks exist in the project of Caiyuanba Bridge in Chongqing from the view of proprietor with fuzzy matter-element model evaluation applied, and the results verifies the superiority and feasibility of the method and its good efficiency in project risk management. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper focus on pricing methodology research about resources contain of non-use value. Reasonable and accurate assessment of resources plays an important role in the management of coastal zone. But valuation of resources that contain of non-use value is still unsatisfactory on its validity and reliability. This paper extends the study of pricing model, which based on Subordinate Function of resource price, to a forward step research to analyze of how the resources are priced by respondents. And there are three steps to reach this aim. A survey about shoal wetland price per year is conducted to citizens of Xiamen firstly, then the pricing results of respondent are disassembled to a series weights of factors through the resolution of fuzzy relationship equations. Finally, causality between characters of respondent and weights of factor are analyzed by means of multivariate correlation analysis. The study indicates that the “Knowledge about the resource” is the most influential character of respondent that impact on a resource pricing, while “Income” is the second of influential. And “Distance from the location of resource” has the least impact on the pricing. However, another finding is that none of the 5 characters are critical to a resource pricing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper proposes the way of specification by which the CM4AR can be formally described in the PiOZ. CM4AR (coordination model for architecture reuse),which is constructed and designed on the basis of architectural reflection theory, can provides the support for reusing software architecture and its constituents at design time. CM4AR is logically divided into meta-level and base-level. When CM4AR is used to support architecture reuse, the interaction between meta-level and base-level will occur and the two levels in the CM4AR must be consistent all the time. The consistency between the two levels is ensured by the correctness of causal connection between the two levels. In this paper we propose the formal specification for the CM4AR in order to characterize the causal connection between meta-level and base-level precisely. So there are three parts of the formal specification, including the formal specification of base-level, meta-level and interaction between two levels. The result of this paper is the foundation for proving the correctness of causal connection between two levels in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: this paper gives them some properties. This paper firstly introduces rough logic, and proposes factorization of model based on rough logic, and proposes the optimal factorization of model, so one complex model could be factorized into several simple models, which are easy to be handled. this paper not only gives them some properties, but also analyze the time complexity of it. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper firstly introduces rough logic, and proposes factorization of model based on rough logic, and proposes the optimal factorization of model, so one complex model could be factorized into several simple models, which are easy to be handled. this paper gives them somae properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper studies the vehicle rollover warning based on the vehicle running state parameters which are easy for collecting. By taking advantages of neural network and support vector machine, this paper analyzes the probabilities of the vehicle rollover in the scenario of single lane change and establishes a warning model which could predict the rollover 0.4seconds in advance for a particular type of vehicle. According to the validation experiments on Ve- DYNA which is a vehicle dynamic simulation software, the results validate the warning model''s good performance with the maximum error as 0.04 second and no missing cases which indicates its validity for rollover warning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: At present, there is no specification on the disaster prevention of and relief from a semi-airtight underground ventilation equipment room. Based on the study of construction fire prevention at home and abroad, this paper carries on the analysis of personnel evacuation from an underground ventilation equipment room. It firstly conducts researches on the basic maxims, framework and procedure of disaster prevention, then sets the evaluation standards of safe evacuation and presents the major influential factors as well. Finally, this paper sets an evacuation model in the hope to reach the goal of safe disperse without any injury, i.e. RSET(x)

Abstract: In the present paper, a new CA-based model considering the following car horning is established and is analyzed in great detail. Firstly, how the following car horning can influence the traffic system is discussed. Secondly, by applying the cross-covariance method, proper parameters are indicated to explore the phase transition features of the model. The results show that the model proposed in this paper can simulate complex and realistic traffic phenomena. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper presents a different approach on biomass combustion process modelling based on Bond Graph methodology. The main thermal-chemical processes used for biomass to energy conversion are oxidative. This study focused on oxidation process with heat generation using solid fuels. The important number of biomass categories and different conversion technologies influence the model input parameters in terms of temperatures, mass flows, heat exchange, requiring different models for combustion processes. The large range of biomass based products can be represented by carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, sulphur, and nitrogen composition. In order to highlight the modelling method advantages, the research focused on wood biomass combustion. The product was represented by carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen composition given through their molar fraction. The paper presents the results on combustion process kinetics with respect to reactant and reactor input data, especially for the transitory regimes like ignition. The model provides information on time variation of the heat of reaction, reaction products concentration, and reactants concentration / accumulation, based on global mass and energy balance of the process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Using Cobb-Douglas production function to establish agricultural production function of Anhui province agriculture, this paper measures each input factor''s influence on total agricultural output, and calculates the contribution rate of agricultural technology progress; meanwhile, this paper analyzes the existing problems and solutions for the problems [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Distinguished from former literature which focuses on the static or balanced analysis, this paper established the timevarying parameters model based on state space model to find the dynamic relationship between China''s energy consumption and economic growth. After applying Chow test, unit root test and cointegration test, this paper estimated the parameters of state space model with Kalman Filter Algorithm, then found and analyzed their internal regularity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: As CO2 is injected into a deep saline aquifer, three regions develop: A “drying” region next to the well in which CO2 injectate occupies 100% of the pore space, a brine region away from the injection well in which 100% of the pores are saturated with brine, and a two-phase region in which water and CO2 coexist. Several papers describe the speeds at which those two fronts progress outward using the Buckley-Leverett fractional flow (BLFF) theory. Next to a CO2 injection well and at early times, compositional flow theory must be implemented. It is also understood that far from the injection site, where only slight pressure elevation is felt, a single phase flow approach is sufficient because all the complexities of compositional flow could be neglected. However regulators may be wary of complex models and of the associated black box syndrome and rather may favor the simpler single-phase flow approach. This paper investigates using single-phase flow numerical models to describe compositional flow processes. Previous work already showed that results from the CMG-GEM and MODFLOW numerical codes are very similar away from the injection zone given some minor modifications in the input file of the single-phase flow code. We present a more thorough scoping analysis aiming at establishing the proposition that single-phase flow models (CMG-IMEX), given some simple treatment, can predict pressure increase as well as more complex compositional flow models (CMG-GEM). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We incorporate CO2 dissolution due to convective mixing into a sharp-interface mathematical model for the post-injection migration of a plume of CO2 in a saline aquifer. The model captures CO2 migration due to groundwater flow and aquifer slope, as well as residual trapping and dissolution. We also account for the tongued shape of the plume at the end of the injection period. We solve the model numerically and identify three regimes in CO2 migration with dissolution, based on how quickly the brine beneath the plume saturates with dissolved CO2. When the brine saturates slowly relative to plume migration, dissolution is controlled by the dimensionless dissolution rate. When the brine saturates “instantaneously” relative to plume migration, dissolution is instead controlled by the solubility of CO2 in brine. We show that dissolution can lead to a several-fold increase in storage efficiency. In a companion paper, we study migration and pressure limitations on storage capacity [Szulczewski et al., GHGT-10, Paper 917 (2010)]. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Evidence from experimental investigations, natural analogue studies and demonstration projects support the assertion that significant quantities of CO2 will not leak from a properly selected and managed CO2 storage complex. However, site operators must nevertheless justify the expectation of secure CO2 containment to regulators and other stakeholders. Secure containment will depend upon well seal stability inter alia. This paper presents fully-coupled geochemical models of well seal stability, focusing on cement degradation. The models have been developed with the ambition of reducing the simulated chemical system to the simplest possible configuration that is able to reproduce key features from experimental and field observations. Simplifying the models in this way makes them suitable for inclusion in larger scale system-level models of the storage system, where the use of highly-detailed chemical models can be impractical. Two sets of models were constructed in order to simulate: (1) a cement carbonation experiment (9 days in duration); and (2) field observations of cement degradation from the ‘SACROC’ site (30 years of reaction time). Although some model input parameters are uncertain, the experimental system was successfully simulated and the model was subsequently ‘up-scaled’ and applied to the SACROC core data. Over longer time-scales (102–103 years), the effects of parameter and thermodynamic data uncertainties on model output are more significant than at shorter time-scales. Although further work is required to bound the effects of these uncertainties, this paper illustrates the practicality of constructing simplified fully-coupled models to explore the significance of uncertainties by carrying out sensitivity calculations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We present a sharp-interface mathematical model of CO2 migration in saline aquifers, which accounts for gravity override, capillary trapping, natural groundwater flow, and the shape of the plume during the injection period. The model leads to a nonlinear advection–diffusion equation, where the diffusive term is due to buoyancy forces, not physical diffusion. For the case of interest in geological CO2 storage, in which the mobility ratio is very unfavorable, the mathematical model can be simplified to a hyperbolic equation. We present a complete analytical solution to the hyperbolic model. The main outcome is a closed-form expression that predicts the ultimate footprint on the CO2 plume, and the time scale required for complete trapping. The capillary trapping coefficient emerges as the key parameter in the assessment of CO2 storage in saline aquifers. The expressions derived here have immediate applicability to the risk assessment and capacity estimates of CO2 sequestration at the basin scale. In a companion paper [Szulczewski and Juanes, GHGT-9, Paper 463 (2008)] we apply the model to specific geologic basins. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper we show the results of the cost model developed in LIMA project (Seventh Framework Programme, CN: 248909). The LIMA project is entitled “Improve photovoltaic efficiency by applying novel effects at the limits of light to matter interaction”. The project started in January 2010 and during this year a cost model of the device developed in the project has been developed to assess the industrial viability of this innovative approach to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of photovoltaic solar cells. During 2011 the cost model has been actualized and a new scenario has been defined. The LIMA project exploits cutting edge photonic technologies to enhance silicon solar cell efficiencies with new concepts in nanostructured materials. It proposes nanostructured surface layers designed to increase the light absorption in the solar cell while decreasing the surface and interface recombination loss. The integration on a back contact solar cell further reduces these interface losses and avoids shading. The project improves light-matter interaction by the use a surface plasmonic nanoparticle layer. This reduces reflection and efficiently couples incident radiation into the solar cell where it is trapped by internal reflection. Surface and interface recombination are minimized by using silicon quantum dot superlattices in a passivating matrix. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper is revisiting the problem of recombination on locally processed area (contacts, local doping …), based on the concept of point recombination rate (pLPA). The newly introduced effective point recombination rate (peff) can be easily determined from the effective surface recombination velocity. It also allows predictions and comparisons in most of the practical cases. Further analysis allows the separation of the influence of pLPA from the one of the transport of the carrier in a transparent way. Due to its simplicity, transparency and accuracy, the model proposed here is believed to be more suitable to recent local processing technology than the existing analytical models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We present an investment analysis tool for natural gas infrastructure development. The model takes a system perspective and considers all existing infrastructure as well as the potential expansions. We formulate the investment problem as a deterministic mixed-integer linear program. We extend existing infrastructure analysis models within natural gas by adding pressure flow relationships and by modeling the gas quality in the transportation system. In this paper we present the motivation for the model functionality as well as the main components in the model. We also discuss a relevant investment case from the Norwegian Continental Shelf to exemplify typical model sizes as well as solution times. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An overview of accidents and potential occupational accidents in the offshore wind industry is shown. There are indications that the number of accidents is relatively high. Based on a model for safe operations, status for as well as challenges for safety management in the offshore wind industry are presented. The paper concludes by presenting topics for further research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Offshore wind power is an emerging technology identified as a source of future growth by EDF Group, for which the number of wind farm projects will potentially increase in the future. Although there is greater potential for offshore wind generation, the investment to construct is more significant than onshore due with higher installation costs (essentially for foundations, electrical connections, towers and turbines). In addition to this, operation and maintenance needs more important access methods. In this context, a tool ECUME has been developed in recent years to support EDF Group in making its choices of investment, technologies and the development of operating and maintenance strategies for offshore wind turbines. The tool evaluates the total mean cost of operation of an offshore wind farm project, as early in the development process as its design phase, in order to help decision making on investment, technology selection, and life cycle logistics and maintenance strategies. This paper proposes some improvements to ECUME in order to supply more accurate output indicators as a simple mean cost which is not sufficient to make investment decisions about a farm, a design or a maintenance strategy. These decisions in the offshore wind context are exposed to greater uncertainty of failure occurrence and inaccessibility. Risk measurement indicators better fitted to the decision context can take into account the uncertainties in the evaluation of risks. This allows EDF to understand the confidence that can be accorded to the mean value assessed and the range of values between which the indicator is distributed; the risk that an investment is not profitable despite a positive mean Net Present Value, .. To provide these indicators, we introduce an event model (based on Monte-Carlo simulation) to model failure risk and HMM (Hidden Markov Model) to model the evolution of meteorological and marine parameters and evaluate inaccessibility risk. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper discusses the modeling and control of Voltage Source Converter High Voltage Direct Current (VSC HVDC) systems in a multi-terminal configuration (MTDC). Both steady-state interactions, as well as transient stability modeling and control are addressed. Simulation results show that adequately modelling the DC voltage droop characteristics or a distributed voltage control in both the power flow algorithm and in the transient stability models allows to simulate the steady-state results of the dynamic simulation by means of power flow software algorithms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents the stability analysis based on impedance representation of a single phase inverter operating as voltage source, where the Nyquist criteria can be applied. The method can be used to study the stability of a micro-grid dominated by power electronics in isolated operation mode. First, a small signal input impedance model is described. The second methodology applies no energy storage at the AC and DC side of the inverter. For two methods a comparative evaluation with the measured impedance was realized. The obtained results show that the proposed method of no energy storage can be employed in the studies of stability for micro grid systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The waterway counts as a main and costly part of a hydro power project. Excavating tunnels for waterways by rock-blasting is a rapid method compared to utilizing tunnel boring machines (TBM). However the variation in cross-section geometry and surface roughness that arises in unlined rock-blasted tunnels results in a considerable increase in head loss due to friction. Several empirical formulas are available to calculate the total friction loss of an unlined hydro-power tunnel. However, the existing methods of documenting the final geometry, such as manual measuring, leveling and photographing, are time-consuming and introduce uncertainty.Recent development of terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) has increased the efficiency and accuracy of surface measurements. Improved documentation of the geometry of these hydraulic structures enables higher accuracy in hand-calculations, as well as in physical and numerical modeling.This paper investigates the application of TLS on existing rock-blasted hydro power tunnels. The measuring procedures and results from a test performed by a Topcon GLS-1500 scanner are presented. The result shows that three dimensional representations of the tunnel geometry can be derived in an efficient way with high accuracy. Hence, this method yields as an efficient method to document the geometry and estimate the roughness of an existing unlined hydro power tunnel. Parameters such as accuracy, resolution, time consume and costs are investigated in the current study. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Recently, various control models have been developed to optimize the performance of wave energy converters in order to enhance their long term economic value. Among others, the control of the all-electric Power Take Off (PTO) has been actively studied. This paper introduces the application of bio-inspired Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) metaheuristic as decision support for real-time wave energy extraction. It is found that the performance of the proposed algorithm is appealing as it is able to provide optimal parameter values to the control model within short interval. This provides fast-tuning capability to the PTO while sparing suffcient time for the WEC to respond to the continuously changing sea states. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Accommodating more and more PV systems in grids has raised new challenges that formerly had not been considered and addressed in standards. According to recently under-discussed standards, each PV unit is allowed to participate in reactive power contributions to the grid to assist voltage control. There are some PV models in the literature however those models mostly assumed unity power factor operation for PV systems owing to the contemporary standards. Therefore, there is a need to develop a PV model considering the reactive power contribution and its dynamic influence on power system. This paper describes non-proprietary modeling of a three-phase, single stage PV system consisting of controller scheme design procedure and coping with the important aspects of three different reactive power regulation strategies and their impact assessment studies. The model is implemented in PSCAD to examine the behavior of the proposed model for recently codified reactive power strategies. Furthermore, this model is integrated in a distribution grid with two PV systems in order to effectively investigate consequences of the different reactive power control strategies on the distribution network. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: All control systems and solar systems can be had models that are trannsfer functions using Laplace transformation. We can converse from continues models to discrete-time modals using Bilinear (Tustin) approximation then we’ll get have Z-transfer functions after that we can find out the diffenential equation and by using microcontroller, we can program differential equation so we’ll designed embedded circuit that described modelling of control system’ performance using microcontroller. In this paper we modeled high liquid system by find out differential equation then we programmed it using microcontroller. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The synthetic jets have been identified as a promising technique for various fields of both dynamic fluid and aerodynamics, by using different numerical simulations which recently have been played an important role in their development. In the aim to provide the flow mechanisms by influencing both their visualization and their theoretical analysis provided by the implementation of the different validation code, several passive and active techniques have been studied to explore particularly their characteristics. The present work investigates the performance of the Moving Boundary technique which is one of many different computational tools implemented to reproduce the flow behavior of a 3D synthetic jet. The experimental work is a well stabilized test case used as a CFD benchmark by the CFDVAL 2004 workshop. The main feature of the present work is in use of a moving boundary implemented by use of generating computational mesh at every time step of the unsteady computation. Results are first intended to calibrate versus the measurement in order to be sure that phases are accordance. Several points and lines positions are chosen to compare the averaged velocity components. The preliminary results are encouraging and allow reproducing at least qualitatively the flow behavior animations of the synthetic jet. Nevertheless further improvements have to be added, mainly in grid generation and probably in turbulence model selection. The results given in this paper will be used for validating perspective computational studies to control the boundary layer separation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper we propose to investigate, model, optimize and simulate the connection of a 3Kwc domestic photovoltaic generator to the three-phase power network throughout a current-controlled voltage source inverter. The current-controlled voltage source inverter tasks are: [•] Tracking the PVG maximum power point. [•] Injecting the maximum power into a three phase electrical network with unit power factor. The totality of the produced energy by the PVG has to be injected in the network, whereas the electricity requirement for domestic use has to be withdrawn from the network supply .This is in order to avoid batteries storage problems .As well as the realization of a decoupling system which can protect the generator from perturbations that can reach the electrical network supply. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Thermal comfort plays a major factor in building infrastructure sector. It has a big impact on building interior temperature as well as on energy balance and environment. In the current paper the influence of thermal isolation, building orientation and thermal inertia of building envelop on interior ambient temperatures have been studied. To meet our objective, a methodological procedure has been followed. It consists of elaboration of computing program written in MATLAB code to simulate the proposed mathematical model. The main objective of the proposed mathematical proposed model is to compute different delivered temperatures under real climatic and environment conditions. Confrontation of the results found through simulation with those found experimentally shows a clear consistence. Thus the theoretical model is experimentally validated. It can be concluded that: The most effective measure to achieve a better results is thermal insulation. The orientation of thermally isolated building doesn’t have a considerable impact on interior temperature. Thermal inertia of buildings may thus generate thermal comfort. It was revealed that an adequate use of stone thermal inertia is essential to achieve a better building thermal comfort. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on finite element theory, using FLUENT software and three-dimensional model to simulate liquid metal free surface and temperature field of casting filling process numerically. Boundary and initial conditions, such as velocity, pressure, temperature, etc., was reasonably set. The feasibility of using FLUENT to simulate three-dimensional casting was studied; the fluctuation of molten metal free surface was observed; the temperature distribution data on the end of filling was recorded, for further numerical simulation of casting solidification process which provided an accurate initial condition. This paper also predicted defects on casting filling process, and provided a basis for process optimization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to handle the situation of power system grounding fault better, this paper built the mathematical model of power system resonance grounding fault based on the resonance grounding principle. And simulated the resonance processes by using MATLAB/SIMULINK/ SIMPOWERSYSTEM (SPS) software. The obtained results show that there will appear zero sequence current at each point of power system when the grounding faults occurrs. And if the circuit has the point of biggest amplitude of zero sequence current, then it is just the fault phases. The simulation data further verified that arc suppression coil grounding could directly decreases the grounding current when the single-phase grounding fault occurred. Moreover, it effectively eliminates the arc from the process and becomes the more reasonable grounding mode. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper Proposed an extension of general linear model tracking system design,in general nonlinear systems model, proposed a new design method of model tracking control system, proved the system is internal bounded, validate this design method is effective. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the PV system capacity continues to expand, they identify a given network to bear the largest photovoltaic power generation into power, it is an urgent need to address the problem. This paper analyzes the PV of the distribution network voltage distribution and the impact of the trend line. From the perspective of network security, it creates access to computing power PV model. This is combined with two sub-enumeration method for solving the mathematical model and its analysis by the actual distribution system, which verify the correctness and effectiveness. In addition, it analyzes the location of the PV power plant access to the power of access. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The development of China''s animation should take some excellent artistic forms of our nation into consideration, only those animation works with national characteristics are precious. The designer should comprehend the essence of traditional cultures, combine the traditional artistic elements on modeling and can recreate. This paper creates animation images with Chinese culture characteristics through analyzing the Chu art characteristics and taking them as artistic reference of animation modeling. Its application in the FLASH software and some noticeable problems are considered; and the animation modeling has unique artistic charms and values. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: It is needed to make ultimate analysis of coal when testing boiler efficiency by traditional method. However, it is so costly and so long that it is impossible to test boiler efficiency frequently. However, it is much easier to make proximate analysis of coal, and most enterprise may operate. In this paper, a mathematics model has been established based on proximate analysis so as to replace ultimate analysis of coal in boiler efficiency testing. Theoretical air requirement, heat loss due to exhaust gas, and heat loss due to unburned gases were compared by this new model. Errors are no more than 5%, and it shows that the method is feasible and valid. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In view of basic BP network lower convergence rate and easily to sink into the partial minimum insufficiency, this paper combines GA with BP to establish the model. The model makes use of GA are powerful approaches to solve global optimization problems, and construct anagenesis neural networks model. Based on the characteristics of the purification of materials, this method about GA-BP network is proposed to predict the purification of materials, test results show that it has better local approximation and generalization capabilities when appropriate numbers and parameters of the GA-BP are chosen. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we apply grey correlation analysis to choose the key factors that affect the change of railway dry bulk container transport volume. And we apply combined forecasting model of multivariable grey MGM (1, 5) and three times exponential smoothing to forecast the transport volume in the coming five years, the forecasting accuracy is better. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper introduces membership cloud function and membership cloud generator, then establishes membership cloud function model which is fit for mine. With the application of the model through simulation, the reliability of ring network, tree network and star network in mine is analyzed. We could know that ring network which has the maximum reliability but poor fault resistance ability costs for not all links and nodes could use double road and it is not suitable for mine roadway. Tree network and star network, whose reliability are poor than double ring network''s, are more suitable for mine roadway and have high cost performance, so they are more suitable for application in mine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on the reliability test and statistical analysis of the failure data, the basic task of mechanical reliability design is to propose mathematical-mechanical models and methods for engineering practice. In this way the working state and life of the mechanical product under the prescriptive working condition can be predicted in the design stage. The connotation and development of mechanical reliability-based design is expounded by integrating modern mathematical-mechanical theories. A series of theories and approaches, such as the mechanical reliability-based design, dynamic reliability-based design, reliability-based optimization design, reliability-based sensitivity design, reliability-based robust design, are explained clearly and systematically. Based on characteristics of mechanical reliability design, as well as study on reliability design of mine hoist, taking mine hoist spindle bearing as example, this paper discusses the application of reliability design in mine hoist design. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper three-dimensional mathematical model of gas-solid two-phase in a radial style diesel particulate filter (DPF) is established and flow computation software was used to simulating distribution characteristics of gas-solid two-phase and particle distribution uniformity. Several influence parameters such as flow velocity, divergence angle and particle diameter was investigated. Through the verification analysis, the simulation calculation results can reflect the laws of gas-solid two-phase flow inside this DPF .The results indicate that distribution uniformity of particle could be improved by reducing inlet velocity, divergence angle and particle diameter. The study is useful for structural parameters optimization designing and controlling particle regeneration of radial style diesel particulate filter. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The back analysis principle and method for thermal conductivity of RCC is introduced in this paper, and a Jiang Ya RCC dam is cited as a building example, on the basis of prototype temperature data of dam, the mathematic model by Difference principle is founded, the thermal conductivity of RCC is obtained. The result is similar to the data which is received in the laboratory. The back analysis is proved credible. The back analysis for thermal conductivity, on the one hand, actual safety of the completed projects could be evaluated; on the other hand, the design and construction in progress may be optimized. the scientific foundation for optimizing the design and monitoring the running of dam is provided. And it is provided with some scientific value and practical significance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the application of wide-area measurement system (WAMS), the analysis of dynamic behavior of power system based on swing tracks acts as an important research field and is different from the past methods based on a given mathematical models. In this paper,EMD-based eigensystem realization algorithm is proposed for identifying frequency, damping and vibration in the low frequency oscillationidentify for low frequency oscillation frequency, damping and vibration. Through a example of a four-machine two-region system, it is proved that this method on distinguishing the oscillation frequency, damping ratio and mode shapes is validity. This method can be minimal realization of the system, damping controller for the design conditions.this method can achieve the simplest state space modal of system. It is important for designer to invent advanced damping controller. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In distribution system planning with photovoltaic generations (PVGs), if load is not properly modeled in the simulation, the accuracy of results will be affected. A large number of studies show that load characteristics play a impotrant role in the system analysis. This paper presented the resultant load model, and on this basis, studied the impacts of the constant power load model and constant impedance load model on PV generation planning. Simulation results show that the selection of load models has an important impact on PV generation planning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Smart distribution grid is an important part of smart grid. Cloud model is used in smart distribution grid; It can achieve mutual combination and conversion between the qualitative evaluation system and the quantitative study. The paper introduces the development status of the smart distribution grid and distribution grid, the numerical characteristics of cloud model and algorithm of synthesized cloud. By establishing the model of two-level index synthesized cloud and remarks cloud, the evaluation results can be given in the form of probability distribution. The example shows that the model of the evaluation results is intuitive and reliable; it has important significance in guiding practice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents the method of building gas turbine fault diagnosis fuzzy mathematical model and establishes fuzzy diagnosis matrix R between fault causations and symptoms. Using fuzzy matrix and the principle of maximum membership degree diagnose gas turbine''s faults. Based on the data in actual operation condition of gas turbine, fuzzy diagnosis matrix is proposed. Use the method of maximum membership degree to establish the connectional equation and confirm the membership degree relationship between fault symptoms and causations. Then, according to the size of membership degree between symptoms and causations to detect and eliminate faults of gas turbine. The results have shown this fuzzy mathematics method has reliable and suitable defect estimation accuracy of gas turbine engine in actual and complex environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper researches on the combination between wavelet transformation and neural network to realize the transient power quality disturbance signals’ recognition. Firstly, the mathematical models of five kinds of transient disturbance signals, such as voltage surging, voltage sag, voltage interruption, transient pulse and transient oscillation are founded. Then, using the nice time-frequency characteristic of wavelet, the sample signal''s feature vectors are extracted. At last these feature vectors are input into BP neural network. Using the nice self-learning ability the disturbance signals can be classified and recognized. The examples show that the method has a higher discrimination. It''s effective to resolve transient power quality problem. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Due to the development of cities and towns, the shortage of constructible land becomes a serious problem for public. Thus, lots of industrial and residential buildings have to be built within mining subsidence areas. Such these construction works may break the relative balance of overburden strata over gobs and active the strata with secondary deformations and movements, and surface constructions would be induced to subside, partial crack and tilt even fall down. Hence, the foundations of these constructions are more complicated than any others due to their special geological conditions. Generally, a number of influence factors could control the mining subsidence process, and they are also difficult to describe with a quantitative point. The limits for different corresponding stability levels are also too vague to identify (stability level itself is not restricted.). Therefore, classical mathematical method or mechanics model could not be used here to treat this problem. In this paper, based on fuzzy mathematics, some key question such as establishing the assessment index system, calculating the weighting factors and building the membership functions are discussed. Finally, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for stability of strata over gob affected by surface construction loads is established. It is a beneficial attempt to apply the fuzzy method in this research field. It evolves the mining subsidence area stability evaluation from the traditional qualitative description or the semiquantitative analysis, into the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, and makes the entire evaluation process to become a quantitative calculation and analysis,which can provide a more scientific results for using the surface land in mining subsidence areas [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The thesis mainly focuses on the analysis of the current topsoil condition on the heavy metal particles and its compounds, and concludes a new evaluation model on pollutant source and pollution level. According to the provided data, the pollution spreading models on the corresponding heavy metal particles can be set up through Kriging and Surfer software, then people can get the weight of the pollution level on various of metallic elements in each topsoil area by using entropy method, and make a conclusion that Cu and Hg are the current main soil pollutant sources in many large cites around the country. Thus, based on the actual background of the research topic, three reasonable assumptions have been proposed in the paper, including the qualitative explanation on the function of the metallic pollution spreading regulation, and the analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of the detection model on the above corresponding various heavy metal particles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: According to the current situation of the development of the China''s highway environmental assessment and the existing problems, from the two aspects, the environment itself and people''s control over the environment,which effect the quality of highway environmental assessment tremendously, this paper analyses the main influence factors of the two aspects by using decision tree of mathematical thinking, and studies the application of equilibrium management model to highway environmental assessment. The result of the study shows that: the use of the number of comprehensive ability to assess the impact on environment of the highway engineering project, not only makes the sensitive area can be special treated, but also makes the optimized configuration of resources. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on the absorption of some relevant research results, this paper establishes an evaluation model of the level of China''s low-carbon manufacturing and uses the factor analysis method for empirical research. Then it analyses the exist problems of China''s low-carbon manufacturing and puts forward some relevant countermeasures and suggestions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper expounded the status quo of the development and utilization of mineral resources and the generation and development of circular economy. It revealed the connotation of mining circular economy and cleared the specific content of 3R principle. On this basis, it discussed the model of mining circular economy in enterprise, industry park and society level according to the present situation of mineral resources recycling in China. Then with the development of circular economy in enterprise level as an example to construct a system of circular economy at coal mine enterprise. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the development of the people''s living standard, artificial lake has already become the important part of the urban ecological construction. The artificial lake needs a certain amount of water resources as a support, however, conventional water resources fail to meet the water demand of the artificial lake in the water shortage area. According to the water demand of meeting the artificial lake''s ecological function, the paper has established the urban artificial lake multi-water resources optimal allocation model which based on the water quantities and water quality constraints. And under the different rainstorm duration distribution conditions, the model has been applied to settle the multi-water resources which include the conventional and unconventional water resources optimal allocation problem of the Tianjin Meijiang artificial lake and analyze the influence of rainstorm duration changes to the allocation. The results can provide a good foundation for the multi-water resources reasonable optimal allocation of the urban artificial lake. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: According to a majority of static evaluation and without common significance problems of regional environmental performance evaluation, evaluation indicator system of regional environmental performance is established in view of evaluation indicator system design principle, which is composed of environmental investment, operational performance, environmental condition and environmental profit. A dynamical model on regional environmental performance evaluation is put forward in this paper, which is combined with the basic idea of DEA and fuzzy integral assessment method. In order to provide the reasonable basis for local government to take corresponding measures to improve their environmental performance level, we carry through empirical analysis about regional environmental performance of 8 typical western regions in china and draw conclusion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: As a significant part of the city, the pollution control and resource recovery of urban street rainwater are attached with more and more importance. Based on the analysis of the pollution situation, the controlling measures and methods are proposed suitable for the status of the street. Meanwhile in this paper the existing utilized models of the street rainwater are summarized to put forward the effective suggestions about the comprehensive utilization and plan of urban rainwater in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a three-phase STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM) based on a current source inverter. Instead of the typical three-phase current bridge inverter it is used a power converter topology with only a single-phase current bridge inverter. A dynamic model of the STATCOM in αβ coordinates is used as a basis for control design. The control system uses a cascade structure where a fast ac current inner loop and a slow dc current control outer loop is used. For the inner loop, is used a sliding mode technique to generate αβ space-vector modulation. This fast and robust controller the ac currents of the STATCOM are actively shaped, being possible to maintain the desired currents even with high ripple DC inductor current. For the outer loop, is used a PI controller. Computer simulations are presented allowing validating the proposed STATCOM and their control system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The controlled power flow in electric power systems is one of the essential factors affecting the overall development of modern power systems. The Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC), with its exclusive capability of series compensation, is a powerful device which can provide the power flow control of multiple transmission lines. In this paper, a new IPFC steady-state model is presented. The main characteristics of the model are that it is easily incorporated in power flow software. It provides automatic IPFC parameter adjustment and accounts for IPFC operating limits. Information of its concept and implementation is reported. A case-study is presented with the aim of showing the performance of the proposed IPFC model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to control the position of hybrid stepper motor and improve its performance, direct torque control strategy is adopted. The main idea of this paper is to present the implementation of an emotional controller for position control of hybrid stepper motor drive. The proposed controller is called Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller (BELBIC). This controller is a computational model of emotional processing mechanism in the brain. The effectiveness of the proposed BELBIC controller-based hybrid stepper motor drive is verified by simulation results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In classical methods only average torque of the stepper motors is controlled which causes high speed and torque ripple. In order to control the torque instantaneously and improve the performance of the hybrid stepper motor, direct torque control strategy is used in this paper. Then by taking model reference adaptive system scheme, which uses the hybrid stepper motor itself as the reference model, speed of the motor is estimated. The sensorless control of hybrid stepper motor based on MRAS is built and simulated with Matlab software. The results show that this control technology is simple and effective and accuracy of the estimation is considerably high. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Double Blumlein generator is an excellent technique in generating high voltage short pulsed power with fast rise time signal. However properties of fixed pulse duration and polarity of Blumlein configuration limits the generator flexibility and efficiency. A modeling of double Blumlein with double switching configuration with controlled delay is proposed in this paper to solve the limitation problem. The circuit is modeled in PSpice environment and the result successfully showed double output pulse voltage of flat top square waveform with adjustable duration and polarity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The inflatable solar array (ISA) is a new kind of solar array. It has many advantages over the traditional ones, because it can be packaged into small volumes during launch, then sent into a pre-selected orbit, and finally deployed by its inflatable booms. This paper gives a brief overview of development of inflatable space structure dynamics during the last two decades, and covers the highlights of the work that has been done during this time interval. Some of the dynamic model of space inflatable booms and current development efforts are introduced, and future outlook for this promising structures technology is indicated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper, presents real time verification of an Artificial Neural Network system (ANN) with Field Programmable Analog Array control (FPAA) for a sensorless control of Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) in automotive drives. The rotor position estimation is done using the unsaturated instantaneous flux linkages and current obtained by measuring the phase current and voltage. The converter analog control is achieved with FPAA. The SRM automotive applications are currently getting special attention as the SRM has notable advantages such as robustness, low manufacturing cost, and good size-to-power ratio. The experimental result for a 400W 8/6-SRM prototype model was presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a novel all-digital approach applied to three-phase four-wire active power filter (APF), which is made up of three-phase four-leg voltage source converters. The controller just detects the main current and DC side capacitor voltage. Calculation method of the switch duty cycle is deducted on the base of mathematics model formed. This controller has fewer measurement, higher robustness and simpler calculation as comparing to traditional controllers. Simulation verify that the APF with proposed controller can compensate the harmonics effectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents the design of a hybrid electric power generation system utilizing both wind and solar energy for supplying model community living in Ethiopian remote area. The work was begun by investigating wind and solar energy potentials of the desired site, compiling data from different sources and analyzing it using a software tool. The data regarding wind speed and solar irradiation for the site understudy are collected from the National Metrological Agency (NMA) and analyzed using the software tool HOMER. According to the results obtained through the analysis, the site has abundant solar energy potential and the wind energy potential is unquestionably high enough to be exploited for generating electric energy using wind turbines with low cut-in wind speed. The design of a standalone PV-wind hybrid power generating system has proceeded based on the promising findings of these two renewable energy resource potentials, wind and solar. Electric load for the basic needs of the community such lighting, water pumping, a radio receiver, flour mill and medical equipment for a health clinic has been suggested. The simulations and design has been carried out using the HOMER software. By running the software the simulation results which are lists of power supply systems have been generated and arranged in ascending order according to their net present cost. Sensitivity variables, such as range of wind speed, solar radiation, PV panel price and diesel price have been defined as inputs into the software and the optimization process has been carried out repeatedly for the sensitivity variables and the results have been refined accordingly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The main impacts on electrical systems, for transmission operators, are variations of the voltage and changes of the power flows. In this paper we detail how we have identified the main characteristics of a DFIG based wind generator. Simulation results of this model will be compared with experimental results measured on the real 1.5 MW wind generator. Thanks to the use of power electronic converters this variable speed wind generator is controlled according to four operating modes. A modeling of power electronic converters has been developed to highlight the impact of the switching phenomena and the power quality of the generated quantities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy supply to Iran requires the substitution of an energy model based on fossil by one based on renewable energy sources. The building sector, about 40% of total annual energy consumption, has an important share in energy demand in Iran. Iran as a Middle Eastern country has recently begun to use renewable energies. Solar energy, because of its availability and large number of sunny days in this country, is mostly concentrated. In this paper vented thermal storage wall that is used for heating of Isfahan buildings, Central of IRAN, are studied. The heating loads for a residential building which has about 800m2 floor area at four floor are calculated. Then the vented thermal storage wall are designed and the amount of annual energy saving is calculated. It is shown that more than 60 percent of winter energy consumption will saved by using this system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, a practical method to design a robust controller for pressure of boiler in Mashhad Power plant using H∞ is proposed. To achieve a good performance of an industrial boiler in order to reduce fuel consumption rate and reaching higher efficiency, dynamic variables such as fuel flow, air flow and pressure of boiler must be controlled. However this dynamic model may associate with uncertainties. Uncertainties in mentioned model are caused by lack of knowledge about the dynamics of the system, pay load changes, and air flow. Thus, application of robust control methods for high precise control of pressure is inevitable. In the first step plant is identified by using experimental data by the mean of converting into a group of linear time invariant (LTI) uncertain plants. After representation of the uncertain dynamic system in general control configuration and modelling the parametric uncertainties, nominal performance, robust stability and robust performance against disturbances are analyzed by the concept of structured singular value μ. Then, using genetic algorithm an optimal controller is designed for tracking problem and disturbance rejection. This procedure gives a satisfactory controller at the presence of model perturbations. For more comparisons, quantitative feedback theory (QFT) as a well known robust control approach is also applied to the plant. Finally, nonlinear simulation has been carried out and two controllers are compared. Both optimal robust controllers guarantee robust performance of the system against the uncertainties and result in desired time responses of the output variables. By applying H∞ robust control, system tracks the desire reference inputs in a less time and with smoother time responses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Electrification level is a significant topic in energy and electric power planning. The paper sets up a LEAP model and designs three scenarios of economic growth of China, and simulates China''s electrification level by 2030. The results show that China''s electrification level has a larger increase potential in the mid-long term and rapid change of economic development pattern can help to increase the electrification level. By 2015, energy used for power generation will account for 43.3% of total primary energy consumption, while the ratio of electricity consumption to total final energy consumption will be about 23.1%; by 2020, the ratio of energy used for power generation to total primary energy consumption will increase to 44.9%, and the ratio of electricity consumption to final energy consumption will be about 25.6%; by 2030, the ratio of energy used for power generation to total primary energy consumption will be up to 47.2%, and the ratio of electricity consumption to total final energy consumption will reach about 28.9%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to forecast energy demand in China in the next 20 years, this paper firstly analyzes the current situation of China''s energy consumption, and then apply LEAP model to simulate primary energy and final energy demand in 2020, 2030 under different scenario composition about economic development, energy efficiency and energy structure. The results show that: the total primary energy demand will reach 4840-5070 Mtce in 2020, 5580-5870 Mtce in 2030; the share of coal in primary energy will decrease, and that of oil, natural gas and non-fossil energy sources will increase. For all the three economic growth scenarios, 40-45% carbon emission intensity reduction target can be realized. If non-fossil energy can be further developed, carbon emission intensity can reduce more than 45% by 2020. The goal of the 15% share of non-fuel energy in primary energy is difficult to realize, unless the most development potentials of hydro power, nuclear power and wind power can be reached. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a project under deployment inside the company Centrais Elétricas de Santa Catarina – CELESC, for the development of a model intended to process information related to geothermal energy generation, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. In this model, are being used techniques for knowledge management and engineering over 3D geo-referenced data. The state of Santa Catarina has known to have a great geothermal potential, with initially five geographic areas specifically identified to apply processes for heat extraction. The development of a model directed to the geothermal energy field will bring immediate benefits to the state, like a clean and sustainable energetic matrix. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on the panel data of three industries in China, this paper calculates the energy rebound effect arising from energy efficiency improvement, by stripping the rebound of energy usage caused by industrial restructuring from model. Results indicate: the similarity between them demonstrating energy efficiency rebound effect as the main component of energy rebound effect; the delayed rebound peak of the secondary industry reflects its lagged respond to changes in energy efficiency; with regard to the peak value in 2009 when calculating the whole nation, author concerns it with the intensification in investment on basic industries and relaxation of restriction over high energy consumption enterprises; the relatively larger value of energy efficiency rebound in China can not be ignored by policy-makers [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper a fuzzy based dimmer circuit model for daylight harvesting is proposed. The model incorporates the variable daylight intensity and number of occupants in a room. The dimmer circuit controls the switching ON and OFF of LEDs (light emitting diode) in a room corresponding the daylight intensity and occupants while the required level of illumination is maintained. The uncertainty in input variables is incorporated in the model with the fuzzy logic. The developed model is simulated in MATLAB and LABVIEW environment. The developed model is tested for different situations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper aims to develop a novel hybrid system for wind and solar energy forecasting. The uniqueness or novelty of the proposed system is obvious because there are no available research works related to the hybrid forecasting system of renewable energy. The proposed ‘Hybrid (wind-solar) Energy Forecasting Model’ is dedicated to short-term forecasting (three-hour ahead) based on artificial neural network (ANN) learning algorithm. The network learning or training algorithm will be implemented using ANN Toolbox which is widely used simulation software incorporated in MATLAB. Eleven different climatological parameters of the last six years of a typical subtropical climate based area Rockhampton in Central Queensland; Australia has been taken for analysis investigation purpose and will be considered as the inputs of ANN model for hybrid (wind-solar) energy forecasting. The ANN will be trained in such a way that with minor modifications in the programming codes, it can perform the hybrid forecasting within the range from hourly (short term forecasting) to daily (medium term forecasting). This feature is one of the major innovations and indicating the great robustness of the proposed hybrid renewable energy forecasting system. As the hybrid forecasting system is quite a novel approach, the accuracy of the system will be revealed by comparing the results with the corresponding values of stand-alone forecasting model referred to as the persistent model. Finally, the fully developed system package may be commercialized and/or utilized in further research projects for researchers to analyze, validate and visualize their models on related domains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the description and verification of an energy model of a building using the BSim software. The aim is to determine the effect of the basic heat gains on the energy consumption of a building. Simulations were performed on the basis of the actual hourly-interval climatic data over a whole year. It has been found, that the highest heat gain comes from solar radiation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: It is difficult to evaluate the performance of the different companies feasibly and fairly only depending on experts. An evaluation model based on TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is built to solve this problem. In this model, the method of data processing and the evaluation algorithms are analyzed detailed. By means of the evaluation model, eight electric power supply bureau of Chongqing are evaluated in this paper, and the results show feasibly and reasonably. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]