6,258 results
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102. Numerical study on the thermal performance of pipe-embedded PCM building envelope in the heating season.
- Author
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Zhu, Li and Yang, Yang
- Abstract
Abstract In this paper, a comprehensive numerical model is presented and validated to simulate the dynamic heat transfer behavior of pipe-embedded PCM building envelope in a typical day of heating season. The performance of the pipe-embedded PCM envelope are investigated and compared with traditional envelope as well as the envelope integrated only with a PCM interlayer. Further, the influence of two design parameter including pipe spacing and thickness of PCM layer are studied and analyzed simultaneously. Finally, the influence of building orientation on the thermal behavior of pipe-embedded PCM envelope was evaluated. The simulation results proved the effectiveness of the numerical results in this paper support and highlight the potential of pipe-embedded PCM envelope for energy saving and indoor comfort lifting. This study will help develop a comprehensive understanding of dynamic thermal behavior of pipe-embedded PCM envelope utilizing low-grade energy source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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103. Power Management Strategy for a Novel Hybrid Electric Bus with Dual Planetary Gears.
- Author
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Lin, Cheng, Shao, Shuai, Zhao, Mingjie, and Dong, Aidao
- Abstract
Abstract Hybrid electric vehicles with power split system have been widely used during recent years due to its huge potential to reduce the fuel consumption and enhance the drivability. This paper presents a novel powertrain architecture for a hybrid electric bus (HEB) based on dual planetary gear. The configuration and operating modes are described elaborately in this paper and a rule-based power management strategy is adopted to the HEB. Meanwhile, dynamic programming (DP) algorithm is also used as a benchmark to verify the effectiveness of this system. In order to validate the fuel-saving ability, both the rule-based and DP-based power management strategy are simulated based on the same typical driving cycle. As a result, the low fuel consumption achieved by DP verifies the effectiveness of this novel powertrain architecture. Moreover, the fuel consumption of the rule-based strategy is merely 11.29% higher than that on DP, which proves the feasibility of the rule-based strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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104. Lithium-Ion Battery SOC Estimation and Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Based on EKF.
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Guo, Lin, Li, Junqiu, and Fu, Zijian
- Abstract
Abstract It is difficult to estimate accurate SoC of power battery and meet the practical application due to the complexity of the algorithm. To promote the real-time and feasibility of the SoC algorithm, this paper proposes a set of solutions and verification taking lithium-ion battery as an example: First, an equivalent circuit model is established and a series of power battery tests were designed to provide data support for battery model and off-line parameter identification. In addition, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm is used for the SoC Estimation. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the SoC algorithm in the battery management system (BMS). The paper builds the model with chip computing capabilities and performs hardware-in-the-loop simulation tests using SpeedGoat as a platform and the Real-Time Workshop as an automatic code generation tool. Furthermore, the bench experiment of the power battery module is set up to verify and test the SoC algorithm. The results show that the proposed SoC estimation is more practical with the actual SoC estimation error less than 5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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105. General models for estimating daily diffuse solar radiation in China: Diffuse fraction and diffuse coefficient models.
- Author
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Zhou, Yong, Liu, Yanfeng, Chen, Yingya, and Wang, Dengjia
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Abstract Empirical models proposed to estimate the daily diffuse solar radiation (H d) in different areas worldwide, are ordinarily site-dependent. Thus, a timely scientific question would be if an application of such an empirical model to other stations can occur, without any H d records. To estimate the daily H d of these stations in different areas without H d , it is critical to establish the general models of the estimation of regional daily H d. Therefore, daily meteorological data, including daily H d , daily global solar radiation H d , daily sunshine duration, daily average temperature and daily average relative humidity, were collected and analyzed in this paper. Considering different data conditions of stations (with and without H , five diffuse fraction and three diffuse coefficient models were proposed and calibrated. Through the analysis of statistical indicators, the most efficient diffuse fraction and diffuse coefficient models were identified. According to the climatic classification, the meteorological data were collected and gathered. Then, the gathered data were used to determine the generalized constants of general models based on the best models. The results demonstrated that the general models proposed in this paper presented satisfactory accuracies and could represent the general models for the daily H d estimation of stations without H d records in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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106. Research on Short-term Forecasting and Uncertainty of Wind Turbine Power Based on Relevance Vector Machine.
- Author
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Jinhua, Zhang, Jie, Yan, Wenjing, WU, and Yongqian, LIU
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Abstract With the increasingly serious environmental pollution, the development of clean energy has received widespread attention. This paper proposes a short-term wind power forecasting method for a single unit based on a correlation vector machine. This method uses a small amount of historical numerical weather forecasts and historic wind farm power data as training samples. Combining with future numerical weather forecasts, predict the power generated by wind turbines. This paper analyses the influencing factors of wind power forecast uncertainty, and describes the uncertainty of power forecasting through the confidence interval estimation method. The RVM, wavelet and RBF were used to predict and compare the power of three wind farms in a northern wind farm. The simulation results verified the accuracy and efficiency of the RVM method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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107. Interval State Estimation for Attack Detection Base on PQ decomposition.
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Wen, Xichang, Wang, Huaizhi, Aziz, Saddam, Jiang, Hui, and Peng, Jianchun
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Abstract With the rapid development of power system, the ability to ensure the safe operation of power system and handle unexpected accidents is become particularly important. Therefore, in this paper, a fast and effective defense mechanism for interval state estimation is proposed. In this mechanism, the PQ decomposition method will replace the traditional Newton-Raphson method in iterative method of state estimation. The mechanism presented in this paper could be effective, which is verified by testing process on IEEE-14 system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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108. Auction Mechanism for P2P Local Energy Trading considering Physical Constraints.
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Leong, Chou Hon, Gu, Chenghong, and Li, Furong
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Abstract Peer to Peer (P2P) Energy trading in a lower voltage distribution system is one of the effective approaches to increase renewable energy penetration from decentralized generators (DG). In this paper, an energy auction is proposed as a marketplace and mechanism of the market design is established to ensure a fair and efficient bidding in the auction. An optimal bidding strategy is very important to the energy auction. To solve this problem, the Bayesian Game Theory is adopted as the strategy in the energy auction to enable efficient and cost-effective bidding for each buyer. This paper proposes a procedure for the energy auction to ensure that the power losses are within acceptable range. An algorithm to transform the power loss issue to become part of bidding strategy of Bayesian Game Theory. The proposed method is showed that it has maximized the utility for prosumer on a typical distribution network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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109. Optimal Operation of Coupled Distribution System and Traffic System using Traffic Flow and OPF Analysis.
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Li, Peiling, Wang, Guibin, Wang, Huaizhi, Fu, Zhongxue, and Wu, Chao
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Abstract With the support of the national policy, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased rapidly in recent years. The distribution system (DS) and traffic system (TS) have been operated independently for many years, but the operation of those two systems should consider the impact of fast growing EVs. The research in this paper analyzes the influence of EVs in the DS and the TS with multiple travel situations including different traffic flow sizes and congestion severity levels. A social cost model is proposed in this paper considering traffic flow and optimal power flow (OPF) to calculate a total social cost of a system composed of the 25-node TS and the 30-node DS. In the case study, the impact of different traffic flow sizes and different congestion conditions on the proposed model is compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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110. Integrated business platform of distributed energy resources – Case Finland.
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Tikka, Ville, Mashlakov, Aleksei, Kulmala, Anna, Repo, Sami, Aro, Matti, Keski-Koukkari, Antti, Honkapuro, Samuli, Järventausta, Pertti, and Partanen, Jarmo
- Abstract
Abstract The present energy system is facing various challenges in the near future due to changing demand and productions structures. Novel ideas are required to address the control of large number of the flexible resources. The paper aims to introduce integrated business platform of distributed energy resources in Finland. The platform is used to exchange information between laboratories, pilots, and actual facilities of all market participants. The paper describes the bare minimum information exchange requirements of some use cases for the integrated business platform to enable novel business opportunities for monitoring, verification, and application of flexibility services of microgrids and energy communities for the purposes of transmission and distribution grid management. The proposed information exchange platform is based on definition of use cases for the smart grid architecture model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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111. Purchase Strategies for Power Retailers Considering Load Deviation and CVaR.
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Guo, Yanmin, Shao, Ping, Wang, Jun, Dou, Xun, and Zhao, Wenhao
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Abstract The power market has been divided into two parts in this paper, one is the main purchase market which includes the forward contract market and the day-ahead market, the other is the real-time market for balancing deviations. A multi-objective unified power purchase model has been established aiming at minimizing the total purchase cost and the CVaR, considering the load deviations which we use probabilistic statistics to quantify. Then, an example is used to verify the model of the power purchase combination. The results show that the power purchase strategy proposed in this paper can provide a reference for the power retailers to occupy a favorable position in the diversified market competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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112. Analysis of Power Sales Strategies Considering Price-Based Demand Response.
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Zhang, Pan, Dou, Xun, Zhao, Wenhao, Hu, Mingtao, and Zhang, Xin
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Abstract In the process of demand response implementation, price changes will cause users to change their electricity consumption, which will cause the trend of the entire power load curve. This paper considered the sensitivity of users to electricity prices, established real-time pricing models considering price-based demand response measures and formulated the real-time pricing sale scheme. Considering the more time points of real-time electricity price, on the basis of this, ladder-type price is further introduced, and the scheme of selling electricity by ladder-type price is established. Finally, the overall benefit of the real-time pricing scheme, the ladder-type price scheme and the original time-of-use electricity price scheme are compared and the validity and feasibility of the proposed scheme are verified by the case. It is hoped that this paper can provide some references for the sellers to formulate the strategy of selling electricity in the competition of selling electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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113. Application of Blockchain Technology in Incentivizing Efficient Use of Rural Wastes: A case study on Yitong System.
- Author
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Zhang, David
- Abstract
Abstract Rural areas in developing countries have constantly been plagued by poor sanitation and energy shortages. A key issue has been the decentralized nature of waste generation and energy consumption, leading to farmers burning crop stocks, lumber, and other agricultural waste. As 1.9 billion people lack access to waste collection services [1], untreated solid and liquid refuse hamper the health of many and irreversibly damage the local ecosystem. Considering the scattered nature of agricultural waste generation and centralized treatment difficulties, this study examines the feasibility of adopting decentralized blockchain system in trading biomass energy and agricultural products across the waste-to-energy ecosystem. A case study is conducted based on the Yitong system in Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, China. This plant collects and transports agricultural wastes (crop straw and animal residue), and converts them to clean energy and agricultural by-products like briquettes, fertilizer, and animal feedstock. This paper presents how a digital coupon or cryptocurrency can be introduced to trade the wastes, energy and by-products among the farmers and entrepreneurs. It argues that this system could maximize the use of agriculture wastes by incentivizing farmers and enterprises to work together. This paper covers three key areas: 1) Literature review, methodology preparation, and field assessment for introducing digital incentive mechanism to enhance rural wastes management. 2) Design of a prototype of blockchain-based model: (a) how the waste-to-energy plant managers collect the segregated waste from individual farmers through trucks connected to blockchain-based smart meters; (b) how systems on each of the trucks register the quantity of waste received onto a universal ledger when collecting. This quantity received will be translated into a certain amount of energy and products like fertilizer that the waste-to-energy plant owes each farm; and (c) how the farmers will receive digital coupons corresponding to the quantity of energy and agricultural products that they should receive. 3) Evaluation of the feasibility of blockchain-based model (technical and economic): (a) data collection on the total quantity of waste produced and the processing capabilities and availability of Waste to Energy plants; (b) assessing readiness of digital infrastructure (cyber-security and communications); and (c) economic evaluation of the incentives and responsibilities associated with the key stakeholders from the farmers to enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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114. Thermal analysis of Mg2Si and Fe2Si5 phase change materials for Dish-MGT plants.
- Author
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Bashir, Muhammad Anser, Giovannelli, Ambra, Navarro, M. Elena, and Ding, Yulong
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Abstract For Concentrated Solar Power plants, the storage of thermal energy at high temperature is a critical issue. This paper deals with the application of a Phase Change Material integrated in the solar receiver of the Dish-Micro Gas Turbine (DMGT) for the mitigation of solar radiation fluctuation effects on DMGT performance. For this application, the PCM should have a melting temperature between 900 and 1200 ºC. Even if some promising materials are suggested in literature, the properties of most of them are not fully characterised in the working temperature range. Therefore, this paper presents the experimental results of the thermal analysis of two high-temperature metallic PCMs (Mg 2 Si and Fe 2 Si 5). Thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity have been determined using Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) and Laser Flash Analysis (LFA) apparatuses. The thermal expansion behaviour of the samples has been determined up to 1000 ºC. Furthermore, the compatibility of the PCM samples with the Silicon carbide (SiC) has been also studied up to 1000 ºC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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115. Sustainable development strategy of rural built-up landscapes in Northeast China based on ANP approach.
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Xia, Lei and Cheng, Wen
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Abstract With village revitalization and new rural construction, the landscape of Chinese villages is undergoing fundamental changes. Due to delayed construction, ecological degradation, and backward in management, rural settlements have many problems in the planning and construction process in Northeast China, such as lacking local characteristics, and natural environment destruction. Rural built-up landscapes are a complex combination of buildings, settlements, natural landscapes, and cultural landscapes. How to improve rural built-up landscapes is an important issue in village planning, which can provide a beautiful and livable countryside for farmers. The purpose of this paper is to structure a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis for the sustainable development of rural built-up landscapes. Analytic Network Process (ANP) approach is employed in the research to find out the key factors of sustainable rural built-up landscapes in the decision-making procedure of rural planning. The ANP model is structured with 3 criteria (settlement forms and structures, regional cultural characteristics, ecological and natural resources) and 16 sub-criteria. The results show that the settlement layout complying with the terrain is the most important factor, followed by the continuation of traditional architectural style, natural landscape restoration, and village vitality. Decision makers and planners should dedicate more attention to these aspects in the rural construction and landscape planning. This paper also presents the ranking of important sub-criteria and several sustainable development strategies are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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116. Research on Countermeasures of Local Culture-based Sustainability of Urban Block Patterns.
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Liu, Yibo, Xu, Suning, Li, Guojie, and Liuæ, Wenqian
- Abstract
Abstract Under the influence of the idea of globalization and modernism planning, in the process of urban development, inefficient use of land, supremacy of functionalism and traffic congestion have become important problems in Chinese cities because of the expansion of land scale, the transformation of urban functions and the leading of maneuverable traffic. As the component unit of the city, urban block is also faced with the problems of unordered environment and the loss of culture. To realize the comprehensive and sustainable development of economy, society and ecological environment in the city, it is of great significance to study the corresponding urban block patterns suitable for the city. This paper starts from the perspective of local culture and conducts in-depth discussion on the internal causes of the current problems of urban blocks in China. On this basis, the paper puts forward the countermeasures of the sustainability of urban block patterns from three aspects of society, technology and management and attempts to explore the construction path of sustainable development for urban blocks in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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117. Fuel Cell Application To Mitigate Load Ramping Impacts Of Rooftop PV System Installation.
- Author
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Das, Chandreyee Manas and Ghosh, Anurag
- Abstract
Abstract This paper is based on a hybrid PV and fuel cell system designed to meet energy requirements of 100000 customers of Southern California in a sustainable way. Solar roof-top PV system is turning out to be a boon to the mankind with its positive effects of reducing Green House Gas (GHG) emission, lowering stress on conventional coal-fired or natural gas generators and even reducing costs associated with electricity pricing for consumers. However, with increased penetration from the grid tied PV systems, there is an inevitable rise in stress faced by conventional generators in terms of meeting and balancing the energy requirements during early morning and late afternoon hours which requires precise switching and control mechanisms. This paper addresses the ramping issues and offers an integrated solution in the form of fuel cells that can complement the existing PV system during intermittent times of energy production and even by reducing the ramp up and ramp down slopes of power production by conventional generators, in a promising way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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118. Landcare, Water Resource Management and Sustainable Development: Implications from a Case Study of a Community-Based Approach to Micro-Hydropower Development and Social Issues in Gokase Township, Japan.
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Kagohashi, Kazuki and Fujimoto, Tokihiko
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Abstract This paper aims at clarifying the distinctive features of "Landcare", which is a well-known movement in Australia and began in Victoria in 1986, from both theoretical and practical points of view. Landcare is a distinctive approach that adopts a "bottom-up" (community-based) and holistic methodology for tackling local environmental problems and has contributed not only to solving local environmental problems effectively, but also to building social resilience and community networking to adapt to the crises that farmers have faced in Australia. Examining the characteristics and principles of Landcare in light of sustainable development (SD) theory, this paper argues that an existing micro-hydropower development project in the town of Gokase in Japan operates on similar principles to Landcare, i.e., the production and preservation of capital assets (natural and produced), knowledge sharing, and institutions for creating networks among the residents in Gokase toward sustainable community development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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119. Model Conceptualization on E-Commerce Growth Impact to Emissions Generated from Urban Logistics Transportation: A Case Study of Jakarta.
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Hidayatno, Akhmad, Destyanto, Arry Rahmawan, and Fadhil, Muhammad
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Abstract Over the past few years, the energy usage in the transportation sector understandably has a significant impact on total carbon footprint generated in urban areas. One of the significant contributors comes from logistic sector as 70% of total logistic activity is derived from transportation. Meanwhile, the rise of e-commerce in urban areas has changed the way people buy goods. This result to the higher delivery frequency in urban areas which cause more significant energy consumption and emissions. This paper contributes to the existing literature by proposing model conceptualization that focus to generate basic understanding to the total CO 2 emissions generated through urban freight volume that powered by e-commerce growth in Jakarta. This paper uses causal loop diagram as one of the tools in model conceptualization to illustrate the systems in urban logistic. The model will mainly focus on environment and economic aspects of urban logistic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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120. Incorporating solar energy sources in low energy buildings in two major cities in Iran.
- Author
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Sadati, Saba and Edwards, Rodger
- Abstract
Abstract Climate change and global warming are currently the biggest threat to human society. In Iranian households, buildings expend 33% of the yearly energy consumption. The potential of renewable energy sources in Iran is high and Iranian government is taking steps to increase the use of renewable energy sources. This paper examines the use of renewable energy in two major city buildings in Iran. In this paper, solar radiation in two cities (Tehran and Yazd) is analysed. The average annual sum of solar irradiation in Yazd is 2200 kWh/m
2 and in Tehran, the amount is 2000 kWh/m2 [1]. The major task in this paper is to quantify the impact of geographical region and to evaluate the viability of implementing renewable systems in buildings in Iran. To reach this end, the annual average solar radiation is calculated in each city. Hourly Analysis Program is used to design each building and calculate their respective heating and cooling loads. Photovoltaic solar systems and solar-thermal systems are designed for both of the buildings. It is seen that, although Yazd has hot and arid climate compared to Tehran, the cooling and heating load in the building in Tehran is higher, and the higher solar radiation in Yazd reduces the number of solar panels required for the designed building. However, the difference is not significant. It is assessed that in order to have more efficient systems, the grid infrastructure in Iran should be upgraded to enable applying large-scale renewable energy systems for buildings in a neighbourhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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121. Recent Development in the Production of Third Generation Biodiesel from Microalgae.
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Mofijur, M., Rasul, M.G., Hassan, N.M.S., and Nabi, M.N.
- Abstract
Abstract Increasing global energy demand at a rate faster than the population growth has led the researcher to look for alternative fuel. Amongst the options, biodiesel is an environmentally sustainable substitute of diesel fuel being renewable, biodegradable and have similar properties of fossil diesel. Among the biodiesel sources, microalgae is a potential third generation biodiesel feedstock which can be produced throughout the year and its oil yield is higher than any other crops. This paper reviews recent development in microalgae biodiesel in terms of its oil extraction technics, challenges of oil extraction, production of biodiesel from microalgae oil and its fuel properties. Finally, the paper discusses the performance and combustion analysis of diesel engine fuelled with microalgae biodiesel. This paper provides a clear understanding of the potential use of microalgae biodiesel as an alternative source to fossil diesel for diesel engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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122. Technological Progress in Biodiesel Production: An Overview on Different Types of Reactors.
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Zahan, Khairul Azly and Kano, Manabu
- Abstract
Abstract Nowadays, research on biodiesel focuses on enhancing the conversion and production yield to fulfill the demand. Utilization of new feedstocks, development of highly efficient catalysts, determination of effective and economical reaction approaches, and application of process system engineering tools are efforts for the optimization purposes. This paper reviews the technological progress of reactors used for biodiesel production. The first part gives an overview of previous findings available in the literature. Many factors affecting the production yield of biodiesel have been reviewed such as reaction time, agitator rotational speed, temperature, types of catalyst, catalyst concentration, the molar ratio of oil and alcohol, types of solvent, and types of feedstock. However, the review of different types of reactors used for the biodiesel production is still lacking. The appropriate selection of reactor type is necessary to enhance the product yield and the productivity. Thus, the second part of this paper aims at compiling the information on various reactors. The description of key operating conditions and process design, relevant integrated reaction and separation techniques, recent achievement and progress, and challenges for future development are highlighted. This review provides the basis for exploitation and selection of reactor to enhance optimization, scale-up development, and implementation in industrial-scale biodiesel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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123. Quantitative Assessment of Clean Transition of GenCo Considering Other Participants' Generation Investment.
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Yang, Xinxin, Cai, Bin, Xue, Yusheng, Zhang, Jun, Zhao, Yonghong, and Hu, Rui
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Abstract The clean transition of GenCo is affected by various uncertainties such as strategies of other participants, power grid development, policies, and power demand, among which, being the most direct stakeholders in electricity market, other participants' generation investment is crucial. This paper simulates the dynamic trajectories of installed capacity, power generation, as well as annual average coal consumption rate of China's power supply structure from 1985 to 2015, and the dynamic transition process of a traditional coal-dominated GenCo from 2016 to 2030. Based on simulation, this paper comprehensively evaluates the impact of other participants' generation investment on clean transition of GenCo, and quantitatively analyzes the robustness of a given clean transition strategy in different scenarios. The results achieved by quantitative analysis of simulation can provide decision support for GenCos' decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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124. Modular hybrid battery storage system for peak-shaving and self-consumption optimization in industrial applications.
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Böttiger, Michael, Paulitschke, Martin, Beyer, Richard, Neumann, Lorin, and Bocklisch, Thilo
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Abstract The paper presents results developing an innovative power supply system on the basis of a modular, flexibly customizable and cost-effective lithium-ion battery and power converter unit for peak-shaving and load levelling applications in the industrial sector including advanced self-consumption optimization strategies for renewable energies. First, the paper describes a monitoring campaign with high resolution measurements on machine, plant and factory level. Second, technical and economic simulation models for the components (battery, power conversion system and energy management) and the integrated system (including total investment costs, conversion losses, state of charge estimation) are presented. The innovative features of the system are described, including a multi-criteria optimizing energy management based on an adaptive dynamic programming algorithm, battery condition monitoring and a hybrid battery storage approach. Third, results of the optimizing design process are presented. The optimal type and power rating of converters and switches and the optimal system topology are determined and discussed for an application example. Simulation results for three DC-DC and five DC-AC converter topologies and two different energy management concepts are discussed and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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125. Diagnosis and prognosis of complex energy storage systems: tools development and feedback on four installed systems.
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Karoui, Fathia, Ha, Duy-Long, Delaplagne, Tony, Bouaaziz, Mohammed-Farouk, Eudier, Vincent, and Lévy, Matthias
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Abstract Electrical Storage systems are used since many decades in stand-alone applications. Recently, their use in grid connected renewable energies installations increases not only the flexibility of these systems but also their complexity. The optimization of their operation in these systems is necessary for cost effectiveness and is a technical and scientific challenge. The research and development projects are increasing worldwide to tackle different aspects of these new solutions. This paper presents advanced analysis of some of these systems based on new approaches of data analytics. Four PV-Storage systems have been monitored for three years and an original diagnostic and prognostic tool is developed for the analysis of the performance and defaults of such systems. In addition, the generic approach presented in this paper allowed to have a feedback on the performance of grid connected PV-storage systems with two different storage technologies: Li-ion and NaNiCl2. The efficiency analysis includes the performance of batteries and power conversion systems. So, the objective here is to compare the usage and the performance of electrical storage systems along time within each power plant and also between the monitoring power plants using experts' knowledge and data processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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126. Grid Services Provided By The Interactions Of Energy Sectors In Multi-Energy Systems: Three International Case Studies.
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Raux-Defossez, Pauline, Wegerer, Nadja, Pétillon, Diane, Bialecki, Agnes, Bailey, Aimee Gotway, and Belhomme, Régine
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Abstract Solutions towards the development of a low carbon energy system have until recently largely focussed on the electricity sector. However, interactions between energy vectors (e.g. heat, electricity and gas) may contribute to increase the penetration of renewable energies, lower CO 2 emissions, and improve energy efficiency by offering, amongst others, additional grid flexibility resources. Multi-energy systems that use synergies between energy vectors are thus gaining in relevance and attention. They rely on the existence of technologies interfacing the energy systems (e.g. CHP plants) and on the regulatory framework, the market design and more generally the organization of the energy system as a whole. Flexibility generated by the synergies may especially provide services by contributing to ensure the offer-demand balance at any time, as well as grid security and stability. Based on a comparison of case studies in UK, Germany and US/California, the paper analyses services provided to the electricity grid by multi-energy systems and examines how involved parties share roles and responsibilities. The analysis is conducted in the light of the regulatory framework in the above-mentioned countries that strongly influences the development of potential services. Identified services are associated to the corresponding market and service layers (e.g. energy, balancing or even capacity) in which they are providing flexibility. The paper relies on a methodology previously developed to analyse and characterize existing and potential future market designs for the electricity system taking into account the specificities met in different countries. The aim of this methodology is to build an integrated and coherent vision of the different roles, functions and interactions within the system. The methodology has been further developed and applied to multi-energy systems. The analysis contributes to a whole-system perspective of flexibility services for electricity systems and underlying market structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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127. On-line monitoring technology for internal corrosion of CO2-EOR oil field.
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Lu, Shi-jian, Gao, Li-juan, Li, Qing-fang, Han, Xi, and Zhao, Dong-ya
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Abstract In view of the fact that the internal corrosion of well bore is becoming more and more serious in the development of oil and gas fields in China, this paper develops an in-situ monitoring technology suitable for downhole deep corrosion rates, which including inductive corrosion probe, downhole data real-time transmission system, pressure and temperature sensor, etc. This paper introduced the development process of corrosion probe, the composition and function of each module. The device is based on the underground environment design. Through high temperature and high pressure test, the device can work steadily and reliably in the environment of 60 MPa and 125 ℃. Using this device to measure the corrosion rate of 20# in urban tap water and compare with the data measured by the hanging sheet method, it is proved that the device can reflect the actual corrosion rate. The monitoring instrument has been tested in Sheng li oilfield, the temperature and pressure sensors can work normally, and the corrosion rate obtained is in line with the actual situation of the environment and achieves good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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128. How much CO2 is stored and verified through CCS/CCUS in China?
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Ma, Jinfeng, Yang, Yang, Wang, Haofan, Li, Lin, Wang, Zhe, and Li, Danlu
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Abstract Verifying the amount of CO 2 geological storage is the key to evaluating CO 2 emission reduction effect of CCUS projects. This paper based on the examples in China, according to the characteristics of different CO 2 -EOR projects, proposes a methodology for evaluating the amount of CO 2 geological storage. The key of the method is evaluating CCUS chain from capture, transportation, EOR with storage, and finance. The evidence from different steps of CCUS must confirm each other so that it helps us to determine the amount of CO 2 storage in case of missing some evidence. Further, based on this method, this paper evaluates the actual CO 2 -EOR with geological storage project in China. The method proposed in this paper will not only help third parties compile enterprise greenhouse gas emission reports and inventories, but also helps government to subsidize CO 2 emission reduction enterprises. It will be useful for industries that implementing CCUS projects to provide key evaluation parameters and carry out necessary monitoring technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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129. Research on the new-generation urban energy system in China.
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Yu, Hao, Fan, Jing-Li, Wang, Yang, and Wang, Jianda
- Abstract
Abstract Energy is the blood of modern society and energy system plays an increasingly important role in urban development, especially in the background of a new round of energy reform. The construction of a new-generation of urban energy systems is becoming an important breakthrough to solve the bottleneck of urban development and to improve the quality of urban development in the future. From the perspective of the relationship between energy and cities, this paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of urban energy system. Taking the research of energy system in Xiong'an New District as an opportunity, this paper explores the operation structure and implementation path of the new-generation urban energy system in Xiong'an New District. In this paper, it is considered that the new-generation energy system in Xiong'an New District will be electricity-centered, smart grid as the platform, energy transregional transmission combined with local development, optimal scheduling among multiple energy categories, and "source-grid-load-storage" high-efficiency interaction as well as the unified open market. The proposal of the new generation of urban energy system cannot only point out the direction for the planning and construction of the energy system in Xiong'an New District, but also help to solve the general problems in the urban energy system and promote the trend of energy transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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130. Effect of a new solar air collector system on the indoor living environment and air quality for the kindergarten building.
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Gao, Huijie and He, Wenjing
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Abstract The kindergartens, characterized by large scale and daytime usage, possess evident typicality and necessity for the application of low cost solar energy. As the main learning place for school-age children, the indoor air quality of kindergarten has significant influence on children's physical health. To verify the effects of a new flat plate solar air collector system (SACS) with metallic heating panels on the improvement of indoor living environment in kindergarten buildings, the indoor temperature, humidity and air quality in kindergarten were tested and investigated in this paper. Two indoor activity units with the same conditions in kindergarten of Shandong Jianzhu University, were selected as the test rooms. The working conditions of solar air collector in these two test rooms were taken as the reference variable. The systematic monitoring and analysis of air quality parameters such as temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration in 12 reasonably distributed sampling positions were carried out during the continuous five days. The results show that the SACS possesses evident auxiliary heating function for indoor air. The maximum value of the average temperature raise nearly reaches 15%. The preheated air near the air outlet exhibits 10°C higher temperature than outdoor air. Besides, the system leads to slightly lower indoor humidity. In addition, the value of indoor CO 2 concentration significantly decreases up to 800 ppm due to the filtration of the system. Instead of air conditioning to a certain extent during transition seasons, this system can effectively reduce the building energy consumption. It can provide children a more healthy and comfortable indoor air environment through the effective use of green solar energy. The research results in this paper can provide important reference for the wide application of solar air collector system in the special building environment of kindergartens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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131. Assessing Urban Carbon Emission Efficiency in China: Based on the Global Data Envelopment Analysis.
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Liu, Sheng, Xia, X.H., Tao, Feng, and Chen, X.Y.
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Abstract Identifying the trends and distributions of regional carbon emission efficiency would be crucial for achieving the goal of low carbon cities. This paper evaluates and decomposes the carbon emission efficiency of Chinese cities by using the methods of global data envelopment analysis. The results reveal that there is a trend of improvement for the carbon emission efficiency in Chinese cities during the research period, meanwhile there appears to be some regional disparities. Subsequently, the effect of technological progress on urban carbon emission efficiency is more significant than that of efficiency improvement. Finally, this paper also investigates some influencing factors of the urban carbon emission efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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132. Does Industrial Agglomeration Mitigate Fossil CO2 Emissions?An Empirical Study with Spatial Panel Regression Model.
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Zhang, Lijun, Rong, Peijun, Qin, Yaochen, and Ji, Yongyue
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Abstract This paper investigates the factors influencing industrial carbon emissions. The primary aim is to find a solution to mitigate CO 2 emissions from fossil combustion with rapid economic development and urbanization in coal principally consumed areas. The paper analyzes the effects of 7 factors on industrial carbon emissions and intensity in 18 cities in Henan Province from 2005 to 2015. The factors including energy structure, the index of industrial agglomeration, proportion of state-owned enterprises, proportion of collective enterprises, degree of industrialization, urbanization, foreign investment. The study establishes six panel models to analyze the influencing mechanism before and after the implementation policy on industrial clusters and carbon reduction. The results show that the carbon locking of energy structure has a path dependence. The increase of industrial agglomeration has a huge capacity of space spillover, which has broken the high carbon lock of coal to some extent. The degree of enterprise concentration to mitigate industrial carbon emissions needs to be improved. The inhibitory effect of foreign investment on carbon emissions has begun to highlight, but it has a certain policy directivity. Urbanization and industrialization have a phased impact on industrial carbon emission and emission intensity. The spatial interaction between industrial carbon emissions and its influencing factors provide new solutions to reduce carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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133. The Effect of Urban Scale Development on Electricity Intensity — Taking Jiangsu Province as an Example.
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Jialiang, Yang, Lixin, Tian, and Wenchao, Li
- Abstract
Abstract In the process of urbanization, the rational project of urban scale is conducive to the improvement of electricity intensity, and the establishment of green cities and environment-friendly society. This paper selects the data of 13 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province from 2005 to 2015, and establishes a dynamic panel model to conduct threshold regression analysis. The results show that there is an inverse U-shaped nonlinear relationship between the urban scale and the electricity intensity. In other words, as the urban scale expands, the electricity intensity increases firstly and then decreases. From the perspective of optimizing electricity intensity, this paper discusses the rational city scale under the optimal conditions of electricity intensity, and provides practical reference and decision support for the construction of a modern large-scale city during the process of urbanization in Jiangsu Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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134. Analysis of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell reactant gas dynamic response and distribution quality.
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He, Yuxiang, Chen, Huicui, Qu, Bingwang, Zhang, Tong, Pei, Pucheng, and Liang, Chen
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Abstract The lifetime of automotive fuel cells is one of the key issues that restrict their commercialization. Previous research results have shown that frequent changing load conditions are the main reason leading to its life attenuation. At present, the dynamic response characteristics and mechanism of fuel cells are not yet clear. The control and structural design for the key components of the long-life, high-dynamic response fuel cell systems requires theoretical guidance. To solve this problem, this paper studies the dynamic response characteristics and distribution quality of reactant gas in the process of load change. In this paper, a three-dimension, five serpentine channels, single-phase model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) single cell is built. A new method is created to describe the variation of fuel cell voltage and distribution of reactant gases under the condition of steady state and dynamic state. The effects of working pressure, stoichiometric ratio and variable loading amplitude on the performance of the fuel cell were analyzed in detail, and the gas distribution on the electrode surface under various operating conditions was quantitatively studied. The final conclusions have important guiding significance for the selection of fuel cell operation parameters and variable loading parameters and optimization of operating conditions. The research methods and conclusions of this paper will provide a reference for optimal control and structural design of high-dynamic-response fuel cells, providing a theoretical basis for long-life research of fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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135. Impact of typical demand day selection on CCHP operational optimization.
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Gao, Yuan, Liu, Qianying, Wang, Shuxia, and Ruan, Yingjun
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Abstract Due to high variability of energy demand in a whole year, optimizing the configuration and operation of a CCHP system will take very high and unfeasible computational time expenses. To overcome this problem, this paper presents a new and creative method to get few representative days that adequately preserve significant demand characteristics. Typical demand days are selected based on the use of k -means clustering algorithm and average method. A hypothetical CCHP system is optimized with mixed-integer linear programming algorithm (MILP) in order to confirm the selection of typical days in this paper. This paper also imitates traditional method. A case study of a Qingdao office building is discussed to demonstrate the proposed method. The results illustrate that the magnitude of Mean Absolute Percentage Errors (MAPE) between actual demand load and typical days load can affect actual operational effect. In conclusion, optimal number of typical days for actual CCHP operation can obtain very low MAPE and lowest annual total cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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136. Research on Modeling and SOC Estimation of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery at Low Temperature.
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Wu, Jian, Li, Tong, Zhang, Hao, Lei, Yanxiang, and Zhou, Guangquan
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Abstract The battery model is the basis for battery status estimation, and its accuracy will have a direct impact on accuracy of status estimation. In the field of rail transit, the reasonable allocation of battery capacity in conjunction with the actual operating conditions of the train also requires to establish an accurate battery model. Current battery models rarely consider the effect of temperature on model parameters. However, in some areas, it is very likely to encounter extremely cold conditions while the train is in motion. Firstly, taking into account the effects of temperature on available battery capacity, open-circuit voltage, ohm resistance, and polarization parameters, this article constructed a new battery model suitable for low temperature and small rate discharge conditions based on the lithium iron phosphate battery that used in the project. Then, this paper built a battery model in Matlab/Simulink and verified the accuracy of it through simulation. After that, this paper used extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm to estimate the state of change (SOC) at different temperatures and carried out simulation verification. Simulation results showed that the battery model and the SOC estimation method established in this paper had higher estimation accuracy in low-temperature environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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137. A Real-time MPC-based Energy Management of Hybrid Energy Storage System in Urban Rail Vehicles.
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Jia, Zhidong, Jiang, Jiuchun, Lin, Hongtao, and Cheng, Long
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Abstract The most challenges for the hybrid energy storage system made up of the battery and super capacitor (SC) are the reasonable energy management strategy (EMS) and real-time implementation. Therefore, a variable-step multistep prediction MPC-based energy management strategy is proposed in this paper, which minimizes the system energy losses of the whole operating process and ensures the battery current and SC SOC in a suitable range. In addition, the neural networks (NN) are applied in this paper for real-time implementation, which are trained by using MPC optimization results. To do this, the loss models of the battery, SC and DC/DC converter are built and Simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink, which shows that the proposed EMS can keep the SC SOC in a suitable range. At the same time, the proposed online energy management method can achieve excellent results of MPC optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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138. An Empirical Analysis of Carbon Emission Price in China.
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Zhou, Kaile and Li, Yiwen
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Abstract Carbon emission trading, as an effective economic tool to deal with climate change issues, has received widespread attention in recent years. As a major carbon emitter, China plays an important role in global climate change. This paper uses the Vector Error Correction (VEC) model to explore the dynamic relationship between energy price, macroeconomic indicators, air quality, and carbon emission trading price. The results show that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between these selected indicators and carbon emission trading price. In addition, this paper also uses the Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to analyze the carbon price fluctuation characteristics. It is found that there is a positive leverage effect on the price fluctuation of the selected carbon emission return series. External bad news will have a greater impact on carbon price fluctuation than good news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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139. Measuring China's carbon emissions based on final consumption.
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Cao, Qingren, Kang, Wei, Sajid, M. Jawad, and Cao, Ming
- Abstract
Abstract Capital formation has contributed the most towards Chinas' carbon emissions, but capital assets are ultimately used for production. This paper by using input-output model embeds carbon emissions from capital formation to rest of final demand categories and compares results with other two common methods. Our approach has led to embedding of more carbon emissions and increased intensity. The analysis is mainly based on China's 2012 input-output data and China Statistical Yearbook data. Under new approach, annual carbon consumption of rural households, urban households, government and foreign consumption significantly increased, urban households per capita annual carbon consumption is about 3.26 times of the rural households. Government's 94% carbon consumption is from other non-material production sector. China's total annual carbon export volume increased by48% under new approach. Some study limitations are also discussed in this paper. Our work is of certain reference value for understanding carbon emissions from the perspective of final consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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140. Key Technologies Research of Urban Power Grid AVC System with High Load Density Based on Big Data.
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Zhang, Yunju, He, Ye, Li, Suirong, Li, Xiuping, Chen, Zhongyi, Ding, Yujie, and Guo, Ming
- Abstract
Abstract In recent years, with the rapid expansion of urban power grids, the automatic voltage control (AVC) system develops some new characteristics. Based on the technology of big data analysis and mining, this paper expounds an AVC system for urban power network with high load density based on the integrated dispatch and operation mode. This paper introduces several different application modes, and shows the operation characteristics of the multi-point distribution mode and the integrated control mode. The big data mining technology is used to discovering the hidden troubles and defects in AVC system. This paper also presents some other AVC key technologies such as security check of remote control, self-adaption analysis method and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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141. The impacts of interprovincial agricultural trade on water resources in China: from perspective of grey water footprint.
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Liao, Changyi, Wang, Saige, Fang, Jiake, and Zhang, Yiyi
- Abstract
Abstract As the largest water consumption sector, agriculture sector plays a significant role in water resources reallocating via economic trade. Different from previous studies focusing on the impacts of economic trade on water quantity, this paper concentrates on the impacts on the water quality. Grey water footprint (GWF) of agricultural sector is used for investigating the impacts of trade on water resources. In this paper, the regional virtual grey water of agricultural trade network was built based on the GWF and multiregional input–output analysis. The GWF for agricultural sector in each region was inventoried. Then GWF of agriculture embodied in monetary flows among regions were calculated using multiregional input–output analysis. The main results showed that Shandong, Henan, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Hebei were the most critical regions for water resources. Besides, Zhejiang and Guangdong have saved a large amount of water by importing water resources through agricultural trade. While, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Henan and Xinjiang are exporting a large amount of water resources. Moreover, the regions with developed economy and higher population are more dependent on agricultural imports. By identifying the critical node and pathway in virtual grey water trade, this paper aims to provide theoretical foundations for mitigating water pressure and reducing water pollution in economic trade activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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142. Quantitative Analysis of Clean Transition Strategy of Traditional Coal-dominated GenCos.
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Cai, Bin, Xue, Yusheng, Yang, Xinxin, Wang, Shumin, Chen, Zhenlong, Mao, Yalin, Chai, Wei, and Hu, Rui
- Abstract
Abstract The clean transition of traditional coal-dominated GenCos plays critical role in national energy transition. However, the formulation of strategy is dominated by qualitative analysis, which lacks the ability to quantify key operation indicators in a complex transition process. This paper develops a computer simulation tool for the study of medium and long-term transition of GenCo to simulate the dynamic process of its clean transition. Under the background of clean transition in China's power sector, it quantitatively analyzes the dynamic performance such as business structure, profit, and carbon emission of a traditional GenCo according to its 2020 and 2030 clean development strategic targets, and compares the differences between different pathways under the same strategic targets. And then, this paper analyzes the impact of uncertainties such as coal prices and renewable energy subsidies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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143. Research on the optimal dispatch of wind power consumption based on combined heat and power with thermal energy storage.
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Liu, Ding, Zang, Chuanzhi, and Zeng, Peng
- Abstract
Abstract In this paper, a hierarchical scheduling framework is proposed to dispatch electricity and thermal in CHP system with thermal energy storage for the consumption of wind power. An optimization mathematical model is proposed to demonstrate the characteristics of the whole system. The modified PSO algorithm is used to solve the coordinated dispatching problem. The traditional way of working between electricity and thermal is independent while the proposed mathematical model combined electricity and thermal, it's more accurate to take the relationship between electricity and thermal into consideration. This model has good performance in solving the cross coupling problem. The simulation results indicate that the proposed optimization mathematical model has good dispatching performance on reducing coal consumption. The most important contribution of this paper are accelerating the consumption of wind power in Northern China and saving coal consumption, which can save plenty of money and prevent air pollution. Further work will be reflected in the demonstration project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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144. The analysis of effects of clean energy power generation.
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Hongtao, Liu and Wenjia, Liu
- Abstract
Abstract As pollution has become a significant issue in China, developing clean energy power generation is one of the main strategies to promote the sustainable economy. Based on the partially closed input-output model corresponding to 29 industries in 2012, this paper categorized power generation sectors to coal-fire power generation, gas power generation, wind power generation, photovoltaic generation, biomass energy power generation, and nuclear power generation to analyze the impacts on environment and social-economic developments. The results showed that improving single clean energy technology would lead to different degrees of positive impacts on environment, but the effects of GDP development and employment are highly correlated with the various generating costs. For the high generating costs, the clean-energy technologies would contribute to the positive effects; however, the drawbacks of social economic development could overweight the benefits for the low generating costs in short run. In addition, improving diverse clean energy generating approaches could promote GDP growth, reduce pollution, and increase employment. Finally, this paper provided some policy suggestions for the green-energy power supply and low-carbon economic developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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145. Kinetic analysis on gaseous products during co-pyrolysis of low-rank coal with lignocellulosic biomass model compound: Effect of lignin.
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Fan, Yingjie, Li, Yaowu, Wu, Zhiqiang, Sun, Zongyu, and Yang, Bolun
- Abstract
Abstract Co-pyrolysis of coal and lignocellulosic biomass can reduce the consumption of non-renewable fossil fuel and improve the proportion of renewable energy. Products distribution and kinetic analysis can provide fundamental information about the process design and facility development. In this paper, kinetic analysis on the main gaseous products during co-pyrolysis of low-rank coal with lignocellulosic biomass model compound was explored via a drop tube furnace combined with process mass spectrometer. Lignin was selected as the typical model compound, which is also the main content of black liquor from the paper industry. Releasing properties of the main volatile products from individual and mixing materials under various lignin mixing ratios were obtained. Iso-conversional method was applied to calculate the kinetic parameters, including reaction order, frequency factor, and activation energy. The activation energy about forming of CO 2 , CO, CH 4, and H 2 from low-rank coal was 40.23 kJ/mol, 20.39 kJ/mol, 48.39 kJ/mol and 37.37 kJ/mol. The frequency factor were 1.48, 0.12, 6.43 and 0.43 respectively. The activation energy about forming of CO 2 , CO, CH 4, and H 2 from lignin was 15.42 kJ/mol, 32.28 kJ/mol, 12.94 kJ/mol and 35.21 kJ/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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146. The control strategy of energy storage externality for reducing wind curtailment from wind farm cluster.
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Mu, Gang, Guo, Gan, Li, Junhui, and Yan, Gangui
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Abstract Due to its flexible power regulation capability, energy storage is been considered as an efficient technology to reduce wind curtailment. However, since the fluctuation characteristics and low energy density characteristics of wind power, energy storage might be inefficient when reducing the wind curtailment from a single wind farm and the regulation capability of energy storage system (ESS) may not be fully utilized. Based on theoretical analysis the externality effect of energy storage is revealed in this paper, the control strategy of energy storage externality for reducing wind curtailment from wind farm cluster is established. By simulating analysis, the feasibility of the energy storage externality is verified. Moreover, by comparing with the conventional ESS control method, the paper evaluates the efficiency of the control strategy. The simulation results prove it can expand the influence scope of ESS and reduce more wind curtailment from wind farm cluster, the utilization of ESS is also promoted significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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147. Research on a New Three-port Converter Operating Principle and Control Strategy.
- Author
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Wu, Jian, Liu, Baobao, Wu, Xuezhi, and Qi, Hongfeng
- Abstract
Abstract The three-port DC/DC converter can connect two different energy storage devices, and can reduce the number of DC/DC converters used, optimize the system structure, and achieve low volume quality, high integration, and high efficiency of energy storage systems. This paper proposes a new three-level and three-port DC/DC converter, which has the advantages of small voltage resistance and high efficiency of the switch tube. This paper focuses on the analysis of the topological structure and working principle of the new converter. A novel control strategy for dynamically determining the duty cycle is proposed for the novel converter's flying capacitor voltage equalization control. Finally, the feasibility of the working principle and the control strategy are verified by DSPACE and Typhoon real-time simulation platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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148. Optimization Control of SOFC Based on Bond Graph Model.
- Author
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Zhang, Ding, Mu, Shujun, Chan, C.C., and Zhou, George You
- Abstract
Abstract For the sustainable development of the environment, the Fuel cell is more and more popular in power generation because of its high efficiency and high capacity. Among them, the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) own the highest efficiency and is one of the best potential in the Fuel Cell. To optimize and control the SOFC system, building a detailed model of SOFC is very important. Thus, a SOFC stack model which includes transport processes, the electrochemical and chemical reactions is simulated and evaluated in this paper. This model is used on the Bond Graph theory, so it can simulate the energy conservation and flow in different physical domains. It is a transient model and has a rough distribution along the gas channel. First, the theory and dynamics of SOFC model were proposed. Second, the Bond Graph theory was briefly introduced and SOFC Bond Graph model was proposed. Finally, the SOFC stack was simulated in this paper. Characteristics of SOFC stack along gas channel with a load current was dynamic simulated. Power and Fuel utilization curves of SOFC at different H 2 flow rate were simulated in this paper as well. The model and simulation are useful to the control of SOFC for the high efficiency of the SOFC system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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149. Consideration of reliability and economy to Capacity Configuration of energy storage system: Case Study of a large scale wind power plant in the Northwest China.
- Author
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Yongli, Wang, Haiyang, Yu, Xiaohai, Wang, Fuli, Zhang, and Yujing, Huang
- Abstract
Abstract Currently, a serious operation security problem of wind power plant has caused by the massive wind power integration, which has increased the difficulty of the operation in large scale wind power plant. Energy storage system (ESS) is thought the best choice to solve the operation scheduling problem of large-scale wind power plant, therefore, under the premise of ensuring the reliability of power supply and network constraints, it is particularly significant to select the proper capacity with both economy and feasibility, aiming at the problems above, this paper constructs capacity configuration of storage which is of statistical significance by studying the probability distribution characteristics, aiming at the deviation load during the operation of wind power plant, utilized Monte Carlo simulation, through whole lifetime NPV, payback period PBP and operation scheduling deviation OOD to verify the reliability and economy of the capacity. Finally, the actual operation data from a wind power plant installed 99MW in Northwest of China is utilized as a case study, simulation result shows that it could get the best storage capacity under the standard of the characteristics of economic and reliability criteria, which proves the validity and feasibility of the method in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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150. A Study on Primary Energy and Secondary Energy Price in Distributed Energy Projects.
- Author
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Zhu, Binruo, Liu, Yunlong, Liu, Zhiyuan, and Yu, Hang
- Abstract
Abstract This paper constructed an energy configuration model with economic optimization in distributed energy system. On this basis, we carried out the sensitivity analysis of the price of large power grid, natural gas, cooling, heating and secondary power for the economic optimized results. And then, we have analyzed the critical value point of new energy conversion technologies appear or old disappear with the change of those energy price. In this paper, the secondary power price is same with the price of large power grid. In this study, an economic analysis of a distributed energy station project has been completed, which is a commercial complex in Shanghai. The results show that the power price have a biggest impact to -F value, and the influence of heating price is minimum, and supposing that self-generating electricity is grid-connected with no power injection. And at last, we find that the energy conversion technologies appear in different place of different scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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