Search

Abstract: To date, hardly any field study results are available on responses from lay people in communities that are confronted with the possibility of a local CO2 storage project. This paper describes one of the first of such studies, presenting a case description of an onshore CCS demonstration project in Barendrecht, the Netherlands. The aim of this study is twofold. First, we provide an in-depth analysis of the development of public awareness of an onshore CCS demonstration project in Barendrecht, the Netherlands. Second, by analyzing practices and outcomes, and by linking these to existing knowledge about stakeholder involvement and public communication, we identify a set of conditions for effective communication and involvement strategies. Findings indicate that one important cause of the lack of local acceptance of the project was the absence of a cohesive and timely involvement strategy for discussing the project with local stakeholders as part of the formal decision-making process rather than apart from it. The paper concludes with a list of recommendations for stakeholder involvement in future CCS operations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Shell CO2 Storage B.V. (SCS) is planning to inject up to 10 million tonnes of CO2 in two depleted gas fields: Barendrecht (BRT) and Barendrecht-Ziedewij (BRTZ). This paper describes the process of selecting an optimised commercial value chain design for capture, transportation, injection and marketing of the CO2, requiring a helicopter view of the full system from source to sink over the 30 year injection life cycle of the project. The commercial concepts considered, selection criteria used and the selected concept will be discussed. Second, the economic modelling criteria for the main value drivers of the project will be discussed and the main differences with traditional petroleum economics will be indicated. Although the project is not pursued for financial profit, the use of the evaluation methodology described below has resulted in an optimal value proposition and value chain for Government, project, sub-contractors and society. The analysis showed that the project differed significantly from other CCS projects due to the relative weight of the transportation value component. The risk and uncertainty approach for the economic modelling of the key value drivers of the projects has resulted in a robust economic model to assist decision making for any changes to the project in a rapidly changing political environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The offshore gas fields in The Netherlands provide a storage capacity of about 1 Gt, which will become available over the next few decades. Existing production facilities may be re-used for injection. Uncertainties in storage capacity, injection rates and time of availability require an analysis of the feasibility of storing CO2 at the rates currently projected for the period 2015–2050. This paper investigates the availability of storage capacity and the feasibility of injecting CO2 at the rate that current capture scenarios foresee. The cost of storage in depleted gas fields is estimated, assuming either re-use of existing installations or the construction of new platforms and wells. Unit cost of storage, non-discounted, in the range of 10 € /t CO2 is feasible for larger fields; costs for small fields are estimated to range up to 40 € /t CO2. Constructing new, dedicated facilities is not always the more expensive option, due to sometimes long hibernation times and higher operational cost of existing facilities. Two capture scenarios are used for the Rotterdam and Amsterdam areas, with captured volumes increasing to 25 Mt/yr or 40 Mt/yr. In both cases, injection rate limitations become apparent when 70–75% of the storage capacity is used, which is around 2055 and 2045, respectively. To ensure continuity of storage, alternatives for storage in offshore gas fields need to be in place by then. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Over the past few years several geochemical evaluations of CO2 storage in Dutch potential reservoirs are carried out, including predictions of the short- and long-term impact of CO2 on the reservoir using geochemical modelling. The initial mineralogy of the reservoir is frequently obtained from core analysis and is then used to compute the formation water composition. In this paper geochemical modelling with TOUGHREACT is used to predict and compare the short- and long-term geochemical impact of CO2 injection into three reservoirs. The mineralogical composition of these reservoirs is an assemblage based on commonly observed minerals from the Buntsandstein and Rotliegend formations. These formations contain potential onshore and offshore CO2 storage locations in the Netherlands. The results predict drying out and salt precipitation in the near-well area, due to water evaporation by the injected dry CO2. Several mineral transformations are predicted, dominated by the transformation of albite into dawsonite, thereby fixing CO2. Due to the relatively low density of dawsonite, the porosity significantly decreases, which can lead to a pore pressure increase. Disabling of dawsonite precipitation in the simulations, thereby taking into account the ongoing debate on dawsonite stability, only shows a small increase of the porosity. Future (experimental) work should be focused on dawsonite occurrence for accurate predictions of the long-term reservoir integrity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The Dutch Ministry of Spatial Planning and the Environment (VROM) engaged Jacobs Consultancy to develop a definition and measuring tool aimed at quantifying the CO2 Capture Readiness of a combustion plant. The tool developed tests the level and completeness of pre-project execution information. The testing of pre-project information is a standard practice in the refining and petrochemical industry and Jacobs Consultancy has adapted and tailored these practices to develop the Capture Readiness tool. The tool was developed in 2008 and was pilot tested on two already permitted coal fired power plant projects in 2009. The Capture Readiness tool is similar in concept to the well known Project Definition Rating Index originally introduced by the Construction Industry Institute for Major Capital Projects. The tool quantifies the readiness of a project to accommodate future CO2 capture and parallels the phased approached to Major Capital Projects used by the Project Definition Rating Index. A short introduction to the application of the PDRI methodology to test the completeness of the project development information–often also referred to as Front End Loading or FEL, is included in this paper to establish the parallel approach we have used in the development of the Capture Readiness tool. The Jacobs Consultancy Capture Readiness tool is then discussed in more detail. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]