1. Analysis of Gas-Phase Carbonyl Compounds in Emissions from Modern Wood Combustion Appliances: Influence of Wood Type and Combustion Appliance
- Author
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Jose M. Arteaga-Salas, Gülcin Abbaszade, Jarkko Tissari, Jorma Jokiniemi, Ahmed A. Reda, Benedikt A. Weggler, Olli Sippula, Ralf Zimmermann, Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis, Thorsten Streibel, Hendryk Czech, J. Orasche, and Miika Kortelainen
- Subjects
Softwood ,biology ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Masonry heater ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Combustion ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Gas phase ,Cartridge ,Fuel Technology ,13. Climate action ,Pellet ,Air flow rate ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Beech ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Gas-phase emission samples of carbonyl compounds (CCs) were collected from two modern wood combustion appliances. Multiple repetitions were conducted on masonry heater operated with three logwood species (birch, beech, and spruce) and for a pellet boiler operated by softwood pellet with normal combustion and unoptimized combustion (in which the secondary combustion air flow rate was decreased). The sampling of CCs was performed from diluted exhaust using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges. The CCs-hydrazone derivatives were analyzed by a gas chromatography–selective ion monitoring–mass spectrometry (GC-SIM-MS) method. Twelve (12) CCs were quantified in the masonry heater emissions and 8 in the pellet boiler emissions. The total carbonyl emission factors (EFs) for logwood were determined to be as follows: birch, 113 ± 18 mg kg–1; beech, 178 ± 31 mg kg–1; spruce, 171 ± 19 mg kg–1; and, for softwood pellet with normal combustion, 6 ± 0.9 mg kg–1 and for softwood pellet with unoptimized combustion, ...
- Published
- 2015