Analysis of Gas-Phase Carbonyl Compounds in Emissions from Modern Wood Combustion Appliances: Influence of Wood Type and Combustion Appliance

Gas-phase emission samples of carbonyl compounds (CCs) were collected from two modern wood combustion appliances. Multiple repetitions were conducted on masonry heater operated with three logwood species (birch, beech, and spruce) and for a pellet boiler operated by softwood pellet with normal combustion and unoptimized combustion (in which the secondary combustion air flow rate was decreased). The sampling of CCs was performed from diluted exhaust using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges. The CCs-hydrazone derivatives were analyzed by a gas chromatography–selective ion monitoring–mass spectrometry (GC-SIM-MS) method. Twelve (12) CCs were quantified in the masonry heater emissions and 8 in the pellet boiler emissions. The total carbonyl emission factors (EFs) for logwood were determined to be as follows: birch, 113 ± 18 mg kg–1; beech, 178 ± 31 mg kg–1; spruce, 171 ± 19 mg kg–1; and, for softwood pellet with normal combustion, 6 ± 0.9 mg kg–1 and for softwood pellet with unoptimized combustion, ...