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Photovoltaic storage system (PVSS) has been spawned with the combined application of photovoltaic (PV), energy storage (ES) and energy blockchain (EB), which has also made important contributions to the energy structure adjustment, energy transaction security and ecological environment protection. The establishment of a reasonable task matching mechanism can further improve the operation efficiency and quality of the system under the EB environment, and this paper consequently constructs a task matching model of PVSS based on GA-CLOUD-GS algorithm. Firstly, the decision-making committee is set up and the index system is determined for the to-be-matched task. Secondly, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) comprehensive weighting method is introduced to integrate the subjective and objective weights to achieve the weight optimization. Thirdly, the cloud model is used to obtain the preference order and priority order of the to-be-matched subjects. Fourthly, the Gale-Shapley (GS) algorithm is used to obtain the task matching results. Finally, the operability, the stability and the effectiveness of the model are separately verified through numerical simulation, sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis. Corresponding suggestions for the task matching of PVSS in the EB environment are also put forward according to the research content. • The necessity, superiority, and application scenarios of collaborative development between PVSS and EB are clarified, and the importance of research on task matching mechanism is identified. • A task matching mechanism model based on the GA-CLOUD-GS algorithm is established, the feasibility, stability, and effectiveness of the established model were verified. • Relevant suggestions are provided for the development of PVSS in the EB environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy is the foundation and driving force of modernization. Renewable energy has been developed with the help of global environmental awareness. In recent years, supported by the relevant national industrial policies, China's photovoltaic market has developed rapidly and its production capacity is huge. However, the core of supporting the sustainable development of an industry lies in the continuous appreciation of the value of itself. In order to correctly understand the status quo and problems of PV industry value chain in China, based on the "Smile Curve" theory, taking the gross profit rate of PV industry listed companies as sample variables from 2015 to 2017, the research finds that its value chain shows a gradually deepening smile. And to explore the extent to which gross profit margin is affected by various factors, 15 variables are selected from six aspects: internal innovation power, growth potential, profitability, operational efficiency, scale strength and external environment, the Stepwise Regression method is used to determine the optimal model first. Further use Principal Component Analysis to confirm the motivations affecting the value-added of listed companies in the PV industry in the upper, middle and down reaches. The results indicate that only 6 variables have significant effects on the gross profit margin of the PV industry value chain, and there are big diversities in the main influencing factors of the value-added capacity of PV companies in different links, so they should seek their own value-added breakthroughs. • China's PV industry value chain conforms to the "smile curve" form. • The profitability can significantly influence the value of the entire industry. • Innovation is the key factor to the upper and downstream PV companies' value added. • The key factor to midstream PV companies' value added is operational efficiency. • Company's scale and external environment have synergistic effects on the value added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In recent years, the wind curtailment has become a serious problem in China and the government are actively seeking solutions to deal with this energy loss. Therefore, the use of non-grid-connected wind power has received great attention since it can be supplied to local end users equipped with energy storage and then mitigate wind curtailment. Since the non-grid-connected wind power and local power load have to confront dramatic power fluctuations, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) including batteries and supercapacitors is applied. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model of HESS configuration in non-grid-connected wind power/energy storage/local user system. In this model, two decision variables, numbers of batteries and supercapacitors, are determined based on the objective of annual profit maximization and wind curtailment rate minimization. To solve this model, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is employed to obtain Pareto front and VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) technique is applied to select the optimal solution from Pareto solutions. Finally, a wind farm in Hebei province is studied and discussed. A scenario analysis, a sensitivity analysis and a comparative analysis are performed to show the advantages of the proposed model. Highlights • The local consumption of non-grid-connected wind is a solution to wind curtailment. • Hybrid energy storage increases the profit and reduces the wind curtailment rate. • NSGA-II-VIKOR is effective to determine the optimal energy storage capacity. • Energy storage cost and objective weight both influence the optimization result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Photovoltaic + energy storage" is considered as one of the effective means to improve the efficiency of clean energy utilization. In the era of energy sharing, the "photovoltaic - energy storage - utilization (PVESU)" model can create a more favorable market environment. However, the various uncertainties in the construction of the PVESU project have become the main obstacles to the development of the PVESU model. This paper aims to evaluate the risk level of China's PVESU projects through an improved Cloud-TODIM (Cloud-an acronym in Portuguese for Interative Multi-criteria Decision Making) method. First of all, 18 critical risk factors are identified using the constructed five-dimensional risk analysis model. Secondly, the improved method is used to calculate the weight of the comprehensive criteria and rank 14 PVESU alternatives. Finally, the accuracy and feasibility of the hybrid method are verified by sensitivity analysis tests concluding the loss decay coefficient adjustment and comparison analysis with the Cloud-TOPSIS(Cloud-Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. Meanwhile, in terms of energy storage, some suggestions are made for the future development of China's PVESU project. This study can also provide insightful enlightenment for PVESU project investors, risk management professionals and decision makers. • The highlights stated are as follows: • Construct an evaluation system of Photovoltaic - Energy storage - Utilization (PVESU) project risk assessment. • Contribute to adding five-dimensional risk analysis method to select critical risk factors. • Propose an improved Cloud-TODIM method to analyze the risk level of PVESU projects. • Extend the research on integrated projects on the field of clean energy and energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realization of carbon neutral goal is inseparable from the development of new energy industry, and scientific and effective policy support can accelerate the progress of the goal. In this paper, the policy driven ability of China's photovoltaic industry in the background of carbon neutral is evaluated. Firstly, the evaluation system is established by the improved diamond model. Then, the policy evaluation standard is formulated according to the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy sets (IT2FS). Finally, the weight of each index is determined by using the fuzzy OWA operator weighting method (F-OWA). Then, the policy driving ability of China's photovoltaic industry is evaluated by fuzzy matter-element extension method (F-MEEM), and the effectiveness of the evaluation results is further verified by weight sensitivity analysis. According to the evaluation results, policy support plays an important role in the development of photovoltaic industry. This paper also gives policy suggestions for the development of China's photovoltaic industry under the background of carbon neutral from the macro, meso and micro perspectives. • China's PV industry evaluation system is established by the improved diamond model. •IT2FS and F-OWA are used to process indicators. •The policy driving ability of China's PV industry is evaluated by F-MEEM. •The effectiveness of the evaluation results is further verified by weight sensitivity analysis. •The results are analyzed in detail, and corresponding suggestions are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]