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Various 3D displays have been proposed to show realistic and vivid 3D images. Moreover, 3D displays have been applied in various fields including medicine, entertainment, and advertising. Depending on the application, 3D displays have different pixel structures and sizes. In this paper, we present a 3D-display design method that can be applied regardless of the pixel structure and display sizes. The area of the designable 3D display is suggested by the improved 3D image quality. The manufactured displays are used to verify the proposed method. Furthermore, a light field simulation is performed to confirm the area that was not proven by the manufactured displays. With the proposed 3D image-quality model and 3D image simulation by the light field representation, a general design of 3D displays with various pixel structures can be developed.

Although many app-based textbooks are available for students, reading have not been thoroughly outlined. This study aimed to understand how changes from paper to electronic textbooks have affected the academic reading task, investigate student users’ perceptions of in-app components and screen sizes, and identify issues affecting in-app components and task requirements. A mixed factorial design experiment was employed. Results showed that there were no significant changes in comprehension and time spent reading between print text and the iPad. Yet, student highlighting, notetaking, and reading behavior and perception significantly changed based on condition. In addition, students struggled to use in-app components and found them frustrating especially when accounting for sentence splitting. The findings presented can assist in understanding the changes in student reading behavior, which can be used to improve interface design of future e-textbooks.

The proliferation of higher quality connected sensors is consistently increasing the amount of information available to operators, increasing the complexity of displayed information. Coupling this increase in information with larger, higher addressability displays may lead to increasingly complex visual search paradigms. The current research explored the effect of both display size and distractor symbol complexity on visual search efficiency across three different symbol set sizes. Overall, the results indicate a reduction in search efficiency as a function of both increased display size and distractor complexity, even for the high target densities employed within this study. Further, these variables can interact in target present conditions to influence search times.

Holographic displays and super multi-view (SMV) displays have been developed to solve the accommodation–vergence conflict that is responsible for visual fatigue caused by the 3D images that are generated by conventional three-dimensional (3D) displays upon which the eye cannot focus. However, holographic and SMV displays provide 3D images upon which the eye can readily focus so that the accommodation–vergence conflict does not occur. Because these two display techniques require the generation of a very large amount of image data, the high data bandwidth of microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices is effectively utilized. The present article describes the holographic display system that employs a MEMS spatial light modulator (SLM), which increases the screen size and viewing zone angle. Two SMV displays are also described, where one employs MEMS SLMs and the other an array of MEMS projectors. The resolution and the number of viewpoints of the SMV displays have increased. Moreover, the technique using a MEMS SLM to eliminate speckles from holographic reconstructed images is also described.

As a portable mobile device, the e-book reader (e-reader) facilitates text-reading. With the color LCD e-reader employed, this study was aimed to investigate how legibility and visual fatigue are affected by different text directions, screen sizes, and character sizes. Following the experimental method, 60 participants were required to read the Chinese texts in the Ming typeface and to search out the target words in the pseudo-texts. Meanwhile, they were connected to an exclusive database through the Internet. The experimental data, such as the search time, accuracy rate, critical fusion frequency (CFF), and subjective visual fatigue, were recorded in the database as well as analyzed. It was discovered that text direction, screen size, and character size all produced an effect on search time. On the 6″ or 9.7″ screen, 12 pt took the shortest search time. By contrast, the 8.1″ screen was suitable for both 12 pt and 14 pt. Furthermore, the character size exerted an influence on the accuracy rate. 12 pt and 14 pt were suitable for the e-reader on the 9.7″ screen. In addition, the small character size of the text was the main cause of visual fatigue. The results of this study can be used as a reference to design the color LCD e-reader.

In order to provide suitable design guidelines for TV programme designers setting Chinese horizontal/vertical leading displays, two stages are involved in this study. The purpose of the first stage was to investigate the current situation of using horizontal/vertical leading displays on LCD TVs news channels. The purpose of the second stage was to examine the effects of horizontal/vertical leading display, speed, and display field lengths on reading comprehension of LCD TVs. A three-way between factorial designed experiment (4 × 3 × 2) was designed to examine the effects of leading-display positions (top, bottom, left, and right sides), display speeds (85 cpm, 205 cpm, and 325 cpm), and display field lengths (7 and 24 characters). Scores for reading comprehension revealed that the main display position was set on the left and bottom-sides. The Hei font was the highest frequency for using on horizontal leading displays and the Yuan font for using on vertical leading displays. The Chinese characters of leading display showed negative polarity on the TV news channels (light-coloured characters on a dark background). The design guidelines of Chinese leading display on LCD TVs were: (1) display speed should be set under 205 cpm, (2) the appropriate message length recommends setting at least 10 characters, and (3) the deal position recommends arranging on the bottom or top of the screen and avoiding on the right side.

People playing computer games sometimes experience a form of visually induced motion sickness called cybersickness. This phenomenon poses a problem for the entertainment market as well as the practice of training, where serious gaming is gaining acceptance as a new way of training. Although cybersickness can be considered a multifactor problem, the present study focused on the role of Field-of-View (FOV) only and varied two types of FOV in an experiment: external FOV (determined by screen size and viewing distance) and internal FOV (virtual camera angle). For 50 min, we exposed participants to moving imagery generated by a game engine, which generally yielded measurable effects on a misery rating scale. Contrary to what might be assumed, more sickness occurred in conditions where internal and external FOV were congruent than otherwise. We also found a negative effect of cybersickness on postural stability. Finally, we found that on average the severity of cybersickness was less in each succeeding session, pointing to habituation. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Projection technology has made large tiled displays an exciting feature of advanced visualization systems. However, one challenge to using such systems effectively is the development of input technologies that comfortably allow collaborative interaction with the displayed data on these large surfaces. We have developed an input system that allows any number of users to interact simultaneously with data on a large display surface. In this system, each user utilizes a laser pointer as a pen or pointing device. Using computer vision techniques, the system determines the beginning, continuation, and end of all currently active pointer strokes. The coordinates of each stroke are available for use by applications. This system scales well with display size, display resolution, and number of users.

The dependence of the luminous output of computer-controlled CRT monitors on the digital colour values was measured on 11 different monitors. This dependence was called the channel function. Different settings of the monitors (gain/offset, position and size of the test colour patch, screen size) were investigated. It was concluded that the use of the default sRGB channel function instead of the measured channel function can lead to mean chromaticity errors of up to Δu′v′=0.06 and colour differences of up to Δ E ab ∗ =33. Changing the graphics card did not influence the channel functions significantly.

Display areas of direct-view type thin film transistor-addressed liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCDs) have been getting larger every year. At present, 10.4in diagonal high-resolution TFT-LCDs with (640 × 480) pixels are commercially available. However, a display area with a greater than 40in diagonal is required to observe high-definition TV (HD-TV) images with much sense of presence. This paper discusses why a large-area LCD is required and how such a display is fabricated using a new printing technology.

A 50-inch diagonal rear-projection display for HDTV has been developed. The resolution on the screen is more than 1000 TV lines, and the contrast ratio is improved by the optical coupling between the CRTs and the projection lenses. The display contains two mirrors in order to make the depth of the display smaller. One of the mirrors contains three photodiodes in order to allow the detection of the convergence error that occurs on the screen. Examining the outputs of the photodiodes, a CPU, located within the display, can detect and correct the convergence error.

A 360° display shows a picture from all sides without foreshortening. The pictures follow the moving observer around the display and stay still when the display rotates. A new way is described of showing pictures with high resolution on a lenticular 360° display with a coarse lens structure.

The basic structure and the driving methods for a grid-controlled matrix fluorescent display panel are discussed Two experimental TV image display sets were made using a four-electrode display panel and a five-electrode display panel with 268 × 392 = 105 056 and 573 × 782 = 448 086 pixels respectively. The vertical scanning and driving circuits are considerably simplified by means of the anode grid decoding. One TV set has only 24 sets of anode drivers, and for the other the number of anode drivers is further reduced from 24 to one. A technique for diminishing cross-talk between the neighbouring picture elements is also discussed, and a cathode pulse driving method adopted to provide a uniform display.