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Even though self-criticism is a well-known transdiagnostic process, there is no consensus about its different forms and functions in nonclinical populations when measured with the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) and the Functions of Self-Criticism/Attacking Scale (FSCS). Although these scales are widely used and translated into multiple languages, there is no Spanish version of the instruments. To study the appropriateness of differentiating these forms of self-criticism, we conducted a Confirmatory Factor Analysis on the Spanish version of the FSCRS with 242 participants, comparing the one-factor, two-factor, three-factor, two-tier, and bifactor models. The 3-factor model presented the best fit in a nonclinical population. The FSCS was also explored, and the two-factor solution was confirmed. The relationship between different functions and forms of self-criticism and the capacity of self-reassuring was explored through mediation and moderation analysis to provide external validation of the scales. Mediation analysis revealed the extensive and pervasive influence of the Self-Persecution function on depression through all forms of self-criticism. Moderation analysis showed that whereas the influence of the Inadequate-Self form on depressive symptomatology was buffered by compassionate self-treatment, the effect of the Hated-Self was not moderated by self-reassure or self-compassion. This study suggests that self-criticism may have different functions with different effects on depressive symptoms. We propose that individuals cope indirectly with self-criticism through self-compassion, which, in turn, would reduce the impact on depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With billions of players, gaming is ubiquitous in everyday life. The growing interest in games has also sparked scientific interest in why people play. Existing measures, however, are focused on specific theories, genres, or games, lack validation, or highlight disordered gaming. Therefore, the Motivation to Play Scale (MOPS) provides a comprehensive scale assessing general gaming motivation. After an item pool was based on a systematic literature review, we evaluated the dimensionality of items and used exploratory factor analysis (N1 = 562) resulting in 58 items and a 10-factor structure (i.e., creativity/exploration, escapism, competition, prestige, enjoyment, achievement, socializing, boredom, aggression, and skill). Lastly, we cross-validated the structure using confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling (N2 = 732). Latent profile analysis identified four gamer types (i.e., casual players, high performers, crafters, and highly involved players). Overall, results suggest that the MOPS is reliable and valid to assess general gaming motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study departs from the acknowledged absence of validated measures to assess social and emotional competencies in incarcerated individuals. This is a critical gap given that most available programs aimed at fostering prosocial behavior and reducing antisocial behaviors are theoretically based on enhancing these competencies. This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Social and Emotional Competencies Questionnaire (SEC-Q) in a sample of 219 Portuguese incarcerated males (M age = 37.21 years, SD = 10.61), and to explore the impact of the SEC-Q dimensions on health risk behaviors in this population. The study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the factor structure of the SEC-Q. The four-factor model fitted well to the data (SB χ2 = 267.75; df = 120; Robust CFI = 0.99; Robust RMSEA = 0.06), and, as expected, it includes four dimensions: self-awareness, self-management and motivation, social awareness and prosocial behavior, and decision-making. The four dimensions showed appropriate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 74–81; McDonald's omega = 75–82). Additionally, social and emotional competencies were related to higher self-control (rs=0.45, p <.01) and lower health risk behaviors (rs = − 0.25, p <.01), supporting convergent and divergent validity. Findings from the negative binomial regression suggest that higher social awareness and prosocial behavior is related to less health risk behaviors among incarcerated males. This study is a pivotal step to promote an affordable and valid measure to assess social and emotional competencies among Portuguese justice-involved males. SEC-Q can be an important complementary measure for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing criminal recidivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop an instrument for assessing high school students' mathematics discourse feedback skills (MDFS) in order to measure their feedback literacy performance in mathematics. First, the researcher constructed a theoretical framework of MDFS, including comparative analysis, expressing communication, mathematical reasoning, monitor and adjust, diagnostic evaluation, and implementation capacity, through literature review, and designed the mathematics discourse feedback skills scale (MDFSS) questions accordingly. Subsequently, 9 experts conducted two rounds of content validity tests on the theoretical framework and scale questions, while 32 high school student volunteers conducted surface validity tests. Then, 273 high school students participated in the item analysis of the scale. Ultimately, 1681 high school students assessed the structural validity of the scale. In these assessments, exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 841 high school students, and confirmatory factor analysis with first-order and second-order models was conducted on 840 students. The study also conducted reliability, validity, and measurement invariance tests on the survey questionnaire. Based on the results of these analyses, the researcher confirmed that the final version of the scale consisted of 24 items. The results of the study indicated that the scale provided a valid evidence for measuring the MDFS of high school students. The study is of great significance to academic and educational practice, as it not only deepens the research on student feedback literacy in mathematics, but also provides a valuable reference tool for improving the academic quality of mathematics among high school students in China and other Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critical step for improving mental health is developing non-pharmacological therapies to treat anxiety and depression effectively without reliance on pharmacological treatments and accompanying risks for side effects and interactions. Studies have confirmed the efficacy of mindfulness for such mental health improvement. Still, seminal research has noted that the effective application of mindfulness to therapeutic practices is lacking an assessment tool to capture mindfulness and the necessary intermediating factors for its longer-term well-being outcomes: self-regulation, exposure, flexibility, and values clarification. Therefore, This study aimed to present and validate a psychometric tool for their measurement. The researchers conducted face and content validity assessments to ensure a strong initial approach to question selection. A final set of 71 items was selected for the initial questionnaire, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) found 20 items nested within six factors, explaining 71.9% of the overall variance representing a set of knowledge, attitudes, or behaviors related to the intermediating factors and neurological mechanisms of mindfulness. Study 1's findings suggested that these 20 questions forming the Author Mind Management (LMM) survey tool have both structural validity and consistent reliability across both samples. Implementing the LMM through the Neurocycle App, the findings of Study 2 found that test-retest reliability for all six LMM subscales was strong and that construct validity existed with established anxiety, depression, and well-being measures. Construct validity with blood measures also revealed significant relationships between the stress and anxiety subscale and homocysteine levels and DHEA/cortisol ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitization of the higher education system and artificial intelligence embedding are essential to promote students' deep learning. Teachers also widely use digital technology in the online environment. However, whether students can achieve deep learning is still a problem online. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether perceived TPACK could influence deep learning, and through the lens of the mediating effect of self-regulatory learning and the moderating effect of technology self-efficacy, investing influences factors in exploring how to influence deep learning and achieve deeper learning. This study used a Wenjuanxing e-questionnaire platform collecting 400 students online learning questionnaires, three universities, and freshmen (n = 170, 42.5%), sophomores (n = 52, 13.0%), juniors (n = 160, 40.0%), and seniors (n = 18, 4.5%), and then, applying SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 to test the reliability and validity of the instruments with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and to test moderating and mediating effect with correlation analysis, structural equation model (SEM) and regression analysis. Perceived TPACK has a significant effect on deep learning; self-regulatory learning has a mediating effect between perceived TPACK and deep learning; technology self-efficacy has a negatively moderating effect between perceived TPACK and self-regulatory learning. However, technology self-efficacy has no moderating effect between perceived TPACK and deep learning. Technology self-efficacy significantly impacts self-regulatory and deep learning and can be used as a substitute for perception teachers' TPACK. This study's results make contributions to the growing literature and theory about these four variables, as well as beneficial to the practical online teaching and learning environment, which provides some influence perspective on how to improve online teaching and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health literacy is an important determinant for the protection and strengthening of both individual and social mental health. The study aimed to carry out the adaptation of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS), developed to determine the level of mental health literacy, into Turkish by conducting a validity and reliability analysis. A descriptive, cross-sectional, and methodological design was used. The study was conducted with the general population between 05.10.2021 and 02.12.2022, using social media apps (WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram) through Google Forms. There were a total of 424 participants in this study. " Demographic Data Form" and "Mental Health Literacy Scale" were used in the data collection. The construct validity of the scale was assessed through both Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's Alpha, composite reliability, average variance extracted, Spearman-Brown, and Split-Half Test Reliability methods. Item analyses were performed with 27% lower-upper group mean difference, discrimination analysis, and item-total correlation coefficient. The inventory showed a 4-factor structure and consisted of 26 items. In confirmatory factor analysis, all factor loads were found to be > 0.50. The fit index values were found to be RMSEA: 0.05, RMR: 0.05, CFI: 0.93, GFI: 0.90, and AGFI: 0.90. Cronbach's alpha of the total scale was 0.851. This scale can be used as a valid and reliable tool in determining knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes about the level of mental health literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the influence of employees' passion on emotional exhaustion. Additionally, it explores the mediating role of negative emotions between employees' Passion and emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, this study is grounded in self-determination theory (Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The what and why of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.). The data were collected from public sector educational institutes in Zhejiang Province, China. The sample size for this study was (n = 300), comprising teaching and non-teaching staff. A standard questionnaire was utilized for data collection. The average age of the respondents was 39.45 years, SD = 0.98, and Mean = 2.95. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to validate the scales. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted for confirmatory analysis and to examine direct and indirect paths. The results of structural equation modeling indicate that harmonious passion (HP) has a negative and significant association with emotional exhaustion (EE), whereas obsessive passion (OP) has a positive and significant association with emotional exhaustion (EE). The direct path from employee passion to negative emotions (NE) shows that harmonious passion (HP) has a negative and significant association with negative emotions. In contrast, obsessive passion (OP) has a positive and significant association with negative emotions. The direct path from negative emotions (NE) to emotional exhaustion (EE) also shows a positive and significant association. Indirect path results reveal that negative emotions (NE) significantly intervene in the association between obsessive passion (OP) and emotional exhaustion (EE), while no mediation was found for harmonious passion (HP) and emotional exhaustion (EE). This study contributes significantly to the field of organizational behavior and psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS; Andreassen et al., 2015) is a theory driven self-rating questionnaire for assessing shopping addiction. The current study employed Confirmatory Factor Analysis to examine its factor structure, and its longitudinal measurement invariance among adult participants (N = 276) aged 18 to 62 years (mean = 31.86 years; SD = 9.94 years) over a two-year period, with assessments conducted at three time points. Overall, there was support for full measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar, and error variance invariance). Additionally, there was support for temporal stability and equivalency for the BSAS total mean scores across the three time points. The psychometric and practical implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article identifies different types of validity and reliability evidence of the Life Project Scale (LPS), a new psychometric measure to assess the coherence of the intended future. It comprises three studies involving five samples that accounted for 2,808 participants from Brazil and Portugal. The final version of the LPS contains two factors with four items each. The factors assess identification (i.e., awareness of one's intended future) and involvement (i.e., enactment of plans and actions in favor of one's intended future). The two factors are indicators of the coherence of life projects' intentional structures and action. Altogether, the three studies provide validity and reliability evidence based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the assessment of ceiling and floor effects, four types of reliability coefficients, relations to other measures (authenticity and meaning in life), and measurement invariance models. Therefore, the LPS is ready for further use, development, and testing in other research and practice contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress changes the food preferences of individuals, causing an increase in the intake of sweet food, and consequently, the total energy. Stress also leads to a short-term reduction in the appetite. These two contrary scenarios result in nutritional problems in the affected population. In this context, a validity and reliability study was conducted for the Salzburg Stress Eating Scale (SSES) adapted for children and adolescents and presented here. The study was designed as a methodological, descriptive, and correlational study, conducted with 9–18-year-old students (n = 257). A socio-demographic information form and the SSES were used for data collection. The collected data were evaluated based on factor analysis, discriminatory power, McDonald's omega, Cronbach's alpha, and the item–total score. The contribution of the ten-item scale to total variance was determined to be 48.869%. The factor loadings of the scale determined based on the exploratory factor analysis and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were above 0.30. The fit indices were found to be well matched and the questionnaire had a one-factor structure. The McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha values determined for the scale were 0.884 and 0.881, respectively. The correlation analysis of the items with the scale's total score revealed values ranging between 0.470 and 0.757. Accordingly, it was concluded that the SSES was a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish-speaking students in the 9–18 age group. Therefore, the SSES is applicable for the assessment of stress eating among children and adolescents aged 9–18 in the general population. It is recommended to adapt the scale in different cultures to determine the level of direct stress eating in children and adolescents and the affecting factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the ICU Psychosocial Care Scale in Turkish, which was developed to measure the psychosocial care of cardiac critical patients. This study was a methodological design. The study sample consisted of 180 critically ill cardiac patients meeting the inclusion criteria. The study used the ICU-Psychosocial Care (ICU-PC) Scale and The Intensive Care Experiences Scale for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS V 24.0 statistical package programs. Content validity, construct validity, reliability and concurrent validity tests were performed. The sample (n = 180) was predominantly male (66.1%) with a mean age of 65.96 ± 15.46 years. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to confirm the 3-dimensional and 14-item structure of the scale. The fit indices of the scale were found to be χ2 = 89.24, df = 52, χ2/df = 1.716, goodness of fit index = 0.94, comparative fit index = 0.97, incremental fit index = 0.97, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.95, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, standardized root mean square residual = 0.05. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of ICU-PC scale was 0.87. The ICU-PC scale is a valid, reliable and distinctive scale in assessing the psychosocial care of critically ill cardiac patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) is recognized as being a widely used measure for the assessment of negative emotional states. While DASS is being widely used for assessing mental health in Pakistan, limited research has been done regarding its factor structure and measurement invariance. A core aim of the study was to validate, assess the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) among male and female prison inmates. A sample of 350 inmates with a mean age of 33.23 years with 190 males and 160 females. The results showed excellent Cronbach alpha or internal consistency reliability of the overall scores on DASS and its subscales ranging from (r =.86 to.71). Additionally, the findings showed a good fit of the three factor model and the one factor model of the DASS-21 aimed at assessing psychological distress. Strong measurement invariance was found with regard to gender thus showing that the DASS-21 is understood and interpreted similarly by males and females. For the purpose of assessing the convergent validity, MSV and AVE were calculated and were found to be within the acceptable range. In conclusion, DASS-21 showed good psychometric properties which is evident its excellent internal consistency reliability and in accordance with the model fit indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High vaccination coverage plays an essential role in curbing epidemics and pandemics, making it important to have a country-specific valid and standardised instruments for assessing vaccination attitudes. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Motors of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale (MoVac-COVID19S) in New Zealand. A total of 413 participants completed an online survey in June and July 2022, which included the MoVac-COVID19S questions, demographic factors, and a single-item measure of COVID-19 vaccination willingness. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structures of the scale. Results indicated that the one-factor structure of the 9-item version best fitted the data compared to the one and four factor structures of the 12-item version, which showed acceptable fit indices after model modifications. All estimated fit indices were acceptable: CFI, GFI, and TLI > 0.95, RMSEA and SRMR < 0.08. The full scales of the MoVac-COVID19S demonstrated excellent reliability for both the 12-item (α = 0.91; ω = 0.91) and the 9-item (α = 0.94; ω = 0.95) versions. The bifactor model indicated a strong general factor, explaining 60–90% of the Explained Common Variance (ECV) for most items, surpassing specific factors. The MoVac-COVID19S is a reliable and valid scale to measure COVID-19 vaccination attitudes. The 9-item version appeared as the best choice for a unidimensional assessment. Future vaccination programmes can benefit from an adapted version of the MoVac-COVID19S to assess public attitudes towards new vaccines. Further psychometric assessment, including Rasch analysis, is recommended to strengthen the reliability and validity of the MoVac-COVID19S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During narrative reception, one psychological response audiences may experience toward story characters is identification, which involves a sense of merging between self and character. Given the lack of formally validated measures of this construct in the literature, the current paper introduces a new 12-item scale for measuring identification. Scale development and validation took place over three sequential studies. Exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 (N = 224) indicated four related factors: merging, perspective-taking, understanding, and emotional involvement. In Study 2 (N = 191), confirmatory factor analysis suggested that a second-order four-factor model provided a good fit to the data and a more parsimonious explanation of the scale's factor structure compared to a first-order model. In addition, the overall scale and subscales demonstrated adequate internal consistency and correlated in the expected directions with theoretically relevant and irrelevant constructs. Using a more demographically diverse sample, Study 3 (N = 290) established measurement invariance of the scale across two narratives in terms of configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance, and provided further support for its factor structure, reliability, and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of successful aging has raised much debate and intrigued researchers for over four decades. However, a consensus regarding its definition and measurement has not yet been reached, which narrates the main impediment of successful aging research. The main goal of this study was to validate a proposed multidimensional model of successful aging, with its five components: physiological/physical, cognitive, psychological/emotional, social, and subjective self-rated successful aging. A community-dwelling sample of 790 older adults living in the Republic of Croatia participated in the study, but the final analyzes were conducted on a sample of 767 participants, aged 65 to 98 years (M = 73.86 years, SD = 6.53), 58.8% of which were women. The construct validity of the proposed 5-component model was tested using a confirmatory factor analysis, and by comparing the model with several other theoretical models with 2, 3 or 4 components of successful aging. Results showed that the 5-component model fits the data the best thus confirms the multidimensional nature of successful aging. Partial metric invariance of the structure of the proposed model was found for younger and older age groups, and full metric invariance was established for both gender groups. This 5-factor model is a step forward in the development of a sound and comprehensive multidimensional definition of successful aging. Clear and comprehensive conceptualization of the successful aging construct is important, not only for research purposes, but also within the context of its practical application in developing policies which promote successful aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early Adaptive Schemas have been proposed as adaptive counterparts to Early Maladaptive Schemas, which are longstanding dysfunctional psychological structures associated with psychopathology. The Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ) was recently developed to complement the Young Schema Questionnaire 3 Short-Form. This study describes the cultural adaptation of YPSQ to European Portuguese. A sample of European Portuguese-speaking participants (N = 430, Mage = 30.31, DP = 12.75), fulfilled self-report questionnaires in a cross-sectional/transversal design. Confirmatory Factor Analysis, multi-group confirmatory group analysis and Pearson correlations were used to explore the psychometric properties of the YPSQ. A 14-factorial model was identified with 56 items with excellent goodness-of-fit indices χ2(426) = 3252.165, TLI = 0.92, CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.056[0.053 − 0.058]. Almost all the positive schemas correlated negatively with symptomatic domains (e.g., depression, anxiety), assessed using the Brief Symptomatic Inventory, which supported adequate construct validity. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis using the original samples from Asia and the West when YPSQ was initially developed and the portuguese sample, showed invariance of the factor structure across these cultures including Portugal. The factor structure of the YPSQ was confirmed, suggesting that this measure may be adequate to assess positive schemas in the European Portuguese-speaking Population. More research is still required to demonstrate other psychometric properties of the instrument using clinical populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) has been rapidly developing with a growing number of users. The potential for problematic use/dependence caused by the use of ChatGPT urgently needs to be explored. This study recruited a sample of 1040 Taiwanese adults to develop the Problematic ChatGPT use Scale (PCUS) and investigate the relationships between ChatGPT problematic use and related factors such as age, gender, demographic categories, usage time, user satisfaction rating, and depression. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis verified that the PCUS had good factorial/construct validity. Additionally, the PCUS showed high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Among the factors related to the PCUS scores, usage time and depression showed a positive correlation with PCUS scores. Furthermore, male PCUS scores were significantly higher than female PCUS scores. The PCUS scores showed no significant relationship with age, demographic categories (undergraduate students, graduate students, and working professionals), and various satisfaction evaluations. Limitations and recommendations for future research were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological Flexibility is an essential concept in Contextual Behavioural Sciences. The development of instruments is vital for its study, and it is an opportunity to reflect on this concept. Among the measures of this construct, Psy-Flex shows promise due to comprehensiveness in assessing the six facets of psychological flexibility and its pragmatic value. In the present study, we sought to translate Psy-Flex to Portuguese and adapt it transculturally for use in Portugal and Brazil. The translation was done independently by Brazilian and Portuguese researchers, and a consensus procedure was done to identify a synthesis. A total of 873 adults from Portugal and Brazil were involved in this study. The participants completed several questionnaires with ACT-related measures (e.g., cognitive fusion, mindful attention) and instruments measuring conceptually related variables (e.g., positive mental health). The results show good psychometric properties of PsyFlex. The one-factor structure of the original instrument was confirmed in both the Portuguese and Brazilian samples. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit of the model to the data (CFI = 0.985, RMSEA = 0.055) of both countries. Furthermore, the Psy-Flex showed convergent validity with related measures in a conceptually expected way. As a transcultural instrument, we argue that both the similarities and differences across samples suggest the broad human nature of psychological flexibility while retaining its context sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the mediating role of work engagement in the effect of healthcare workers' perceptions of organizational trust and organizational support on organizational cynicism. A total of 306 healthcare workers participated in the research. Data was collected using scales for organizational trust, organizational support, organizational cynicism, and work engagement. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to validate the structure of the scales. The study employed PATH analysis to determine the mediating role of work engagement. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The findings established a negative relationship between perceptions of organizational trust and organizational support with organizational cynicism, which is partially mediated by the level of work engagement. Additionally, the study identified a negative relationship between the level of work engagement and organizational cynicism. Conversely, the study concluded that perceptions of organizational trust and support have a positive impact on work engagement levels. This research makes a significant contribution to understanding the effects of healthcare workers' perceptions of organizational trust and support on organizational cynicism and work engagement. Furthermore, these results could provide a valuable foundation for developing effective strategies in the management and practice of health organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the structure of Young's early maladaptive schemas, core emotional needs, and their associations with psychopathological symptoms. Early maladaptive schemas and psychopathological symptoms were assessed in three clinical samples from Turkey (N1 = 1312, N2 = 999, N3 = 999). First-order Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified 17 schemas, eight of which closely mirrored Young's original schemas. A second-order PCA revealed four schema domains: Impaired Autonomy, Disconnection, Impaired Limits, and Overvigilance. Confirmatory Factor Analyses were employed on distinct samples to compare the PCA model with alternative models, and the PCA model exhibited superior fit across various indices. The study reveals varying relationships between schemas and diverse psychopathological symptoms, providing nuanced insights for tailoring psychotherapeutic strategies and interventions. Symptoms related to interpersonal sensitivity had the strongest connections to schemas, and the factor representing vulnerability to harm and pessimism schemas had the most number of strong connections with psychopathological symptoms. While the study sheds light on the schemas in a Turkish context, future research is essential to validate these findings and explore the predictive aspects of schemas. In essence, this research contributes to understanding of schemas within the Turkish cultural context and its implications for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) describes different, but related, maladaptive thought processes focused on stress or the emotional responses to stress. When activated by stress, RNT maintains and intensifies the emotional response leading to mental health problems. We examined whether four types of RNT (anger rumination, brooding, reflection, worry) are sub-constructs of one RNT or if they are related but distinct types of RNT. We also assessed their concurrent and longitudinal relationships with COVID-related changes in employment and three outcomes: aggression, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Participants in our corss-sectional online study were 1,627 individuals (18–87 years, 80.1% White, 86.3% non-Hispanic, 70.8% women). Participants in our 3-wave longitudinal online study were 475 individuals (19–80 years, 92.2% White, 97.5% non-Hispanic, 82.3% women). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses and Structural Equation Modeling demonstrated that the types of RNT are correlated but distinct. Brooding was positively associated with and mediated the effect of changes in employment on all three mental health problems. Worry was positively associated with and mediated the effect of changes in employment on depressive and anxiety symptoms but not aggression. Anger rumination was positively associated with and mediated the effect of changes in employment on aggression only. Reflection was unrelated to changes in employment and all three mental health problems. Clinicians should consider the transdiagnostic relevance of brooding with clients experiencing anger, anxiety, and/or depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to assess the reliability, factor structure, and validity of the Italian adaptation of the Mentalization Scale (MentS), a 28-item self-report questionnaire that measures mentalization across three dimensions. The psychometric properties of the Italian version were examined in two studies with large samples of adults and adolescents. The first study (Study 1) aimed to evaluate, through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the construct validity of the Italian version of the MentS in adolescents (N = 618) and adults (N = 720). The second study (Study 2) was undertaken to test the convergent validity and temporal stability of the Italian version of the MentS. Specifically, the study assessed the relationship between the MentS and scores on the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8), one of the most widely used instruments to assess mentalization, in a large sample of high-school students (N = 472). Furthermore, the study evaluated the 4-week test-retest reliability of the instrument in a sample of undergraduates (N = 128). The questionnaire exhibited strong internal consistency across both adult and adolescent samples, with Cronbach's alphas ranging from 0.71 to 0.83. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses consistently identified three correlated underlying factors within both age groups, demonstrating the robust factor structure of the Italian version of the MentS. Furthermore, the tool demonstrated strong convergent validity with the RFQ-8 and acceptable test-retest reliability over a 4-week period. These findings provide compelling evidence supporting the Italian version of the MentS as a reliable and valid self-report measure for comprehensively assessing different facets of mentalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research evaluates the psychometric properties of the Romanian version of the Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), featuring operational and organizational stress scales for police officers. We conducted three studies to test the reliability and validity of this questionnaire. The first study (N = 744) aimed at adapting and validating the Romanian version on the specific population. Confirmatory factor analysis of our two-factor model, each with 20 items grouped in a second-order factor, showed the good value of the fit indices: χ²(738) = 1420.11, p <.001; CFI = 0.992; TLI = 0.992; RMSEA = 0.035 [90% CI 0.033, 0.038]; SRMR = 0.059. Subsequently, we tested measurement invariance, demonstrating that the Romanian version of this questionnaire measures workplace stress (including operational and organizational stress factors) independently of the work environment (police officers vs. correctional officers). The second study (N = 394) confirmed PSQ's convergent validity through positive correlations with stress perception, burnout, mental health complaints, and psychological distress and its discriminant validity through negative correlations with job satisfaction and work engagement. The third study tested the longitudinal invariance of the stress questionnaire for police (N = 317). The findings suggest that the PSQ is a reliable and valid tool, highlighting its significant impact on the well-being of Romanian police officers by facilitating stress management interventions through baseline and ongoing stress assessment. Future research should longitudinally assess police stress, incorporating multi-source data and diverse units, as well as exploring the impact of socio-demographic aspects for broader insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a decade of empirical exploration of wisdom in India, local researchers predominantly rely on wisdom measures developed in foreign languages, overlooking the need for local adaptation. Adapting existing scales is a recommended approach to address the need for appropriate measures efficiently. The San-Diego Wisdom Scale (SD-WISE-28), a prominent tool recently established through expert consensus, literature review, and latent variable psychometric method, was adapted into Hindi. SD-WISE-28 was translated into Hindi using the backward method. Factor structure was examined in a sample of 241 participants using Exploratory Factor Analysis. Then, in a separate sample of 608 participants, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to verify the measurement model. The reliability of Hindi SW-WISE-28 scores were evaluated through Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability. The validity of translated scale was examined via convergent and concurrent validity. The Hindi version of SD-WISE-28 retains the seven-factor wisdom model of the original SD-WISE-28, demonstrating excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability, along with acceptable convergent and substantial concurrent validity when compared to the 3D-Wisdom scale and Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-stigma for seeking help is a factor associated with various mental health problems. For its measurement, there are instruments such as SSOSH, SSOSH-7, and SSOSH-3. However, its psychometric properties have yet to be examined in the Latin American context. Faced with this, the study aimed to evaluate the factorial structure of the SSOSH, SSOSH-7, and SSOSH-3 in the Peruvian sample, identify evidence of validity based on the relationship with other variables, perform factorial invariance according to sex and determine the degree of reliability. The sample comprised 404 Peruvian citizens of both sexes (65.84% women and 34.16% men) whose ages ranged from 18 to 58 years (M = 24.27; SD = 7.9). In addition to applying the three versions of the SSOSH, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale-P (EAR-P) were applied. The present study evidenced that using the EGA and riEGA, a one-dimensional model was identified in the three versions of the SSOSH. It was shown that the SSOSH-7 and SSOSH-3 have adequate fit and reliability indices. In addition, it was shown that the factorial structure of the SSOH-3 is invariant in the group of men and women. Additionally, it was found that the self-stigma of seeking help predicts depression and self-esteem. It is concluded that the SSOSH-3 showed better psychometric performance than the other versions of the SSOSH. Therefore, SSOSH-3 proves to be a brief, valid and reliable instrument that allows the adequate measurement of self-stigma due to help-seeking in the Peruvian adult sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on assessing the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) in a German community sample of middle childhood participants. Previous research on the ICU has primarily been conducted in different samples and countries, with inconsistent results, i.e., different models in different samples and little attention given to German middle childhood populations. A critical need to deepen the understanding of callous-unemotional traits in middle childhood is urgently needed. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the factor structure of the ICU within a sample of children in middle childhood from Germany. A total of 824 children aged 7 to 12 years (M = 10.34, SD = 1.65) participated (52.18% boys). The ICU, a self-report measure, was employed to assess callous-unemotional traits in middle childhood. Additionally, this study also examines the relationship between callous-unemotional traits and morality. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate various model structures based on previous research. The best-fitting model was found to be a two-factor model consisting of callousness and uncaring factors. The moral self shows a stronger overarching association with the uncaring factor than with callousness. The study's findings provide valuable insights into the applicability of the ICU across various age ranges, particularly in childhood, and the results are discussed in the context of other identified models and age groups and suggest that assessing CU traits requires a detailed perspective, taking into account other developmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathological lying has been studied for over a century, but only recently validated diagnostic criteria were developed that consider the frequency, pervasiveness, and chronicity of lying, along with the distress, dysfunction, and risks of danger caused by lying. Using these new criteria, we crafted a set of survey items aimed at measuring those features. In study 1, we carried out exploratory factor analyses that confirmed a three-factor model for our resultant 19-item Pathological Lying Inventory (PLI). In study 2, we validated the PLI against several measures, demonstrating the scores on the PLI are associated with frequent, pervasive, and chronic lying, psychological distress, social dysfunction, and negative life outcomes. In study 3, we conducted a test-retest reliability analysis of the PLI over two weeks, demonstrating that the PLI has high test-retest reliability. Finally, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the three-factor structure of the PLI. We believe that the PLI will offer researchers and clinicians a brief and valid tool for assessing the degree to which people exhibit patterns of pathological lying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to adapt the scale of "The Measure of Verbally Expressed Emotion" into Turkish and examine its psychometric properties. 614 participants were between the ages of 18–65. In the study, the Expression of Emotions Scale was used for convergent validity, and the Emotional Responsiveness Scale was used for divergent validity. According to the exploratory factor analysis, the scale has a 17-item and five-factor structure that explains approximately 66% of the total variance, and according to the confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness-of-fit values of the five-factor structure are acceptable (χ2/df = 2.98, RMSEA = 0.059, GFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.84, SRMR = 0.050). This scale, which evaluates the experience before expressing emotion, is valid and reliable for Turkish use. Expressed emotions compared on gender, education level, working and health status. It was observed that those with a psychiatric diagnosis were less comfortable expressing romantic love, and those with chronic diseases were less comfortable expressing happiness. Adapted scale will contribute to both research and practical use by using it in clinical, social psychology, and therapy studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationality quotient (RQ), which has been recently introduced by Keith Stanovich, relies on two hypotheses. First, intelligence and rationality are independent based on narrow view (IQ tests or MAMBIT) (H1); and, an individual may be high in one and low in another (H2). This article examined these hypotheses. Participants included (n = 280) students from the social sciences (psychology & sociology) and basic sciences (physics & math). The participants filled out the CART tasks to assess the RQ, and the WAIS-III to assess the IQ. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that IQ and RQ are two factors but positively and significantly correlated. In addition, there was no significant difference among the students with high and low IQs in intellectual errors and biases (RQ) despite Stanovich's hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Patients with heart failure may experience thirst distress. There is, however, no measurement tool to define patients' thirst distress in Turkey. The study aimed to determine psychometric properties of the translated Turkish version of the Thirst Distress Scale-Heart Failure (TDS-HF) in a sample of heart failure patients. Design: This methodologically planned study was conducted in two different training and research hospitals in Istanbul. Content validity, confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity were used in the validity analysis following the language validity analysis. Reliability coefficients were analysed by calculating Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's Omega and test-retest reliability coefficients. Validity and reliability analysis involved 116 patients, and test-retest analysis was carried out among 36 patients who volunteered to participate in the study. Results: The patients had a mean age of 55.2 ± 14.9. The factor structure and the examined fit indices of the one-dimensional eight-item scale indicated that the Turkish version of the scale was consistent with the original model. Item-total correlations were between 0.84 and 0.93, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.90, the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.97 and the McDonald's omega coefficient was 0.93, demonstrating that the scale is highly reliable. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Thirst Distress Scale-Heart Failure was found to be valid and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 28-item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is widely used to measure Emotional Dysregulation (ED). However, its psychometric performance has not been examined in Spanish-speaking substance users. This study aimed to validate the DERS-28 in 1,676 [M = 19.56 (SD = 1.70), % women = 64.6] young adults with past-month substance use. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as reliability assessments using Classical Test and Item Response Theories, were conducted. The analyses supported a bifactor solution (invariant to sex) comprising five specific dimensions and a general factor (ED), each demonstrating adequate score reliability. Bifactor indices indicated an essentially unidimensional latent structure (ωHG =.808; ECVG =.554; H =.951; FD =.966). Convergent validity (values of |r| ranged between.036-.645) was supported by associations with clinical variables, including measures of substance use related problems, anxiety, stress, and depression. Among the DERS-28 dimensions, lack of control exhibited the largest effects. Despite its reliability and validity, limitations such as self-reported substance use and recruitment in college settings should be considered. In conclusion, the DERS-28 proves to be a reliable and valid tool, demonstrating utility for prevention purposes among young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ChatGPT revolutionized the landscape of information transitions and creativity. The number of ChatGPT users is increasing at the fastest pace in consumer applications history, which calls for a reliable ChatGPT literacy scale. To that end, first, we conducted a literature review to gain a conceptual understanding of the ChatGPT literacy construct. Next, we conducted a focus group consisting of five experts to brainstorm potential items and the following five factors of ChatGPT literacy: technical proficiency, critical evaluation, communication proficiency, creative application, and ethical competence. The Delphi method with 10 experts was used to validate these items. After collecting expert feedback and evaluation data, we calculated content validity ratios to analyze the items' content validity. Another focus group interview was conducted with 10 university students as a pilot test. Finally, 822 college students were recruited to evaluate the construct validity of ChatGPT literacy through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, resulting in 25 final items. This novel approach is expected to contribute to building a theoretical basis for ChatGPT and large language model studies, providing practical implications for large language model developers, helping to develop related regulations and policies, and creating a healthy digital culture for the use of ChatGPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of Internet technology and digital economy, the external environment is constantly impacting the nature of work and existing work structures, making work highly ambiguous, dynamic and decentralized, and the work environment has become more uncertain and complex. In this work environment, the emphasis is on employees as well as the organization to react quickly and act proactively. A related and much talked about concept is job crafting. A compilation of the existing literature reveals that individual-led job crafting behavior is influenced by a variety of factors. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of employee relations on job crafting in the workplace. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of workplace friendships related to employee relationships on job crafting in the workplace. Based on affective events theory and broaden-and-build theory, we suggest that positive emotions mediate the influence of workplace friendships on job crafting and are influenced by individualism/collectivism and job autonomy. As hypothesized, we analyzed the data collected from 504 employees from Chinese companies and the results supported our research hypothesis. Confirmatory factor analysis was first applied and then hierarchal regression was used to test the research hypotheses. The results show that workplace friendship has a positive effect on job crafting, positive emotion mediates between workplace friendship and job crafting, collectivism moderates between workplace friendship and positive emotion, and job autonomy moderates between positive emotion and job crafting. The theoretical implications of our findings are that they confirm the importance of workplace friendship as an antecedent variable for job crafting and extend the research related to the antecedent variables of job crafting to the relational aspect. Our findings reveal the importance of properly managing workplace friendships in order to promote personal job crafting, as well as the need for companies to focus on enhancing positive emotions and giving employees more autonomy at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on personality traits predicting life outcomes has typically been investigated using the Big Five factors and only occasionally their facets. However, recent research suggests that the use of items (reflecting personality nuances) can account for more predictive variance. The aim of the present study was to examine the predictive validity for various life outcomes comparing the hierarchical levels (factors, facets, and nuances) of the personality trait structure. These were measured using one of the publicly available instruments, IPIP-NEO-120, in a Swedish sample (N = 440). Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) were performed to confirm the structures of the Big Five levels, and we used Elastic Net Regressions (ENR; with 10-fold cross-validation and shrinkage parameter), trained and applied for prediction in two separate samples. The results showed that nuances (item-level models) on average provided greater explained variance (34%) than facets (22.5%) and factors (12%) for all six life outcome predictions. Findings suggest that there may be psychometric value to using the lowest item-level of personality trait measurements. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating the increasing somatic symptoms in adolescents and youth is essential in epidemiological surveillance. This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8), a brief instrument assessing somatic symptoms in Chinese youth and adolescents using both Classical Test Theory and Rasch Measurement Theory using two independent samples (N = 398 and 16,231). Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. Construct validity, and convergent and discriminant validity were examined by Spearman's correlations of the items or scale with external instruments and internal symptom domains. Structural validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Rasch analysis was performed including rating scale functioning, unidimensionality, item difficulties and person abilities, item and person reliabilities and separation, and differential item functioning (DIF). The Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were both 0.82 (Sample 1) and 0.92 (Sample 2). The SSS-8 score correlated with two subscales of depression and anxiety (r = 0.56 and 0.62, p < 0.001), and positive mental health (r = -0.31, p < 0.001). All items strongly correlated with their own domains (r > 0.70). The CFA confirmed the high-order factor model and found partial invariance across gender. In Rasch analysis, step calibrations and category measures indicated adequate category functioning. The unidimensionality was proved as no second dimension occurred. The SSS-8 was found able to separate the participants into two levels of somatic symptoms. No significant DIF was detected across gender. The findings supported the use of the SSS-8 to assess somatic symptoms in this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the concept of emotional blackmail originated in the U.S., the measures were developed elsewhere. This research aimed to validate the Workplace Emotional Blackmail Scale (WEBS, Chen et al., Journal of Human Resource Management,23, 1–26, 2023) with samples of employees (Study 1) and supervisors (Study 2) from diverse industries in the U.S. Consistent with Chen et al.'s (Journal of Human Resource Management,23, 1–26, 2023) findings, the confirmatory factor analysis results of both samples indicated that the workplace emotional blackmail construct consists of two dimensions: intimidation and appealing. Moreover, WEBS showed satisfactory reliability and criterion-related validity in both samples (i.e., employee resistance, compliance, and commitment). The research findings suggest that the WEBS scale is adequate for examining the nomological network of emotional blackmail in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study adapted and validated the European Portuguese version of the Fear of Missing Out scale (FoMOs-P) and determined an "optimal" cutoff score for higher education students with high social media engagement. Five hundred Portuguese students (M = 22.37, SD = 5.68) completed FoMOs-P and measures of sleep quality, rumination, and social media. Following previous conflicting results, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to compare two competing factor structures. Model invariance regarding sex was tested using multi-group CFA. FoMOs-P' internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity were analyzed, and an "optimal" cutoff point was explored through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. When comparing CFA models, the two-related-factor model fit best (Δχ2 (1) = 495.01, p <.001), demonstrating a good fit (χ2/df = 2.96; CFI =.98; TLI =.97; RMSEA [90 CI] =.063 [.049;.077]). This model showed metric invariance but not scalar invariance across sex. There was adequate reliability for both factors and total scale (ω >.7). Convergent and discriminant validity were supported. ROC analysis revealed an AUC =.742 (p <.001) and an "optimal" cutoff point of 20 (70.1% sensitivity, 68.4% specificity) to detect probable disruptive social media engagement. FoMOs-P was shown to be a reliable and valid instrument, supporting its use among higher education students. FoMOs-P appears to be composed of two factors [(i.e., internalizing and externalizing Fear of Missing Out (FoMO)] and has moderate accuracy to screen students with high social media usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the associations between conflict management behaviors, job satisfaction, and innovation performance as felt by 322 blue-collar workers in supermarket chains in Istanbul. The authors collected data through direct and virtual surveys and a convenience sampling methodology. The study uses frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, item-level summary statistics, linear regression analysis, moderating analysis, and simple plots. The results indicate that integrating and compromising managers are significantly and positively associated with innovation performance while dominating, obliging, and avoiding managers are significantly and negatively related to innovation performance. Job satisfaction significantly and positively moderates the links between integrating and compromising managers and innovation performance. Job satisfaction significantly and negatively affects the relationships between dominating, obliging, and avoiding managers and innovation performance. The study focuses on some supermarkets and treats a low number of respondents. Conflict management strategies reflect employee perceptions that might lead to attributive misconceptions. The paper exclusively portrays how job satisfaction moderates links between management styles in dispute resolution and novelty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in consumer perception, awareness, and behavior in response to policy modifications and health concerns. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of crisis awareness on consumer behavior mechanisms. This study employed an empirical approach and collected data from 788 Taiwanese consumers through an online survey. The collected data was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis with SPSS, confirmatory factor analysis with AMOS, and structural equation modeling with SmartPLS. The study findings indicate that crisis awareness of COVID-19 has a positive and significant impact on hedonic motivation towards purchase intention (shopping to be surprised), while it does not strongly interact with utilitarian motivation and purchase intention (shopping to survive). This study is an early attempt to explore consumer behavior from a crisis awareness perspective, which contributes to a comprehensive understanding of consumer behavior during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The practical implications of the study's findings can assist businesses and policymakers in understanding how crisis awareness affects consumer behavior during a pandemic. Businesses can tailor their marketing strategies to better serve the needs of customers, while policymakers can develop effective policies to mitigate the negative impact of crises on the economy and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most measurements of sensitivity focus on specific domains. The present study aimed to revise a scale that measures a broader concept of psychological sensitivity and ensure its applicability in the Chinese cultural context. We validated and assessed the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Lynn and Accardi Sensitivity Scale (LASS) in a non-clinical sample of Chinese university students. The LASS was translated into Chinese and back-translated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the 3-factor structure of the LASS (Negative Self-Evaluation, Emotional Sensitivity, Social Approval). Subsequently, its reliability and validity were examined (Sample 1: n = 622, Subsample 2: n = 38). CFA provided support for the 3-factor model. The LASS-Ch demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The correlations between the LASS-Ch and established scales (Highly Sensitive Person Scale, Emotional Intensity Scale, Social Interpersonal Anxiety Scale, Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-RSC, Patient Health Questionnaire-9) provided preliminary evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. The results of this study indicate that the LASS-Ch possesses good psychometric properties and is an effective and reliable tool for assessing psychological sensitivity in the Chinese cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement of sense of coherence (SOC) has received attention for more than three decades. Despite the extensive use of SOC-13, there is still a long debate regarding its dimensionality structure. Recently, there has been an increasing use of network modeling as a valid alternative to latent-variable modeling. This study proposes an exploratory approach to the structure of SOC-13 by adopting a network perspective. The network structure was estimated with a Gaussian Graphical Model, and Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) was used to inspect network dimensionality. We fit and compared the unidimensional, first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), bifactor-CFA, and structure derived from EGA. Our results showed unacceptable fit values for the CFA models, suggesting that SOC-13 is not unidimensional. Inspection of the estimated network suggested that the SOC-13 items emerged as a dynamic system of mutually interacting nodes that formed three distinct clusters of items (communities) that are not those defined in the literature. EGA identified three communities of items: the first community was characterized by comprehensibility and manageability items, the second community was characterized by comprehensibility and manageability items, and the third dimension was characterized by all meaningfulness items and one comprehensibility item. Our study presented a novel perspective in investigating the structure of SOC-13 that strengthens the assumption that SOC should be conceptualized as a complex system of cognitive (comprehensibility), behavioral (manageability), and motivational dimensions (meaningfulness) that are deeply linked and not necessarily distinct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Originally developed in English, the Emotion Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ) is a self-report measure of beliefs about the controllability and usefulness of negative and positive emotions. In this study, we introduce the Polish version and examine its psychometric properties and links with emotional outcomes. Our sample was 914 Polish adults aged 18–70 from the general population. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to verify the factor structure. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed based on the relationship between the EBQ and emotional reactivity traits as well as markers of anxiety, depression, and stress. We assessed internal consistency reliability. We also examined discriminant validity by conducting exploratory factor analyses of EBQ scores and emotional reactivity traits and psychopathology symptoms. We evaluated criterion validity by conducting a set of multiple regression analyses, examining whether EBQ scores could predict significant variance in psychopathology symptoms. Our factor analyses supported the EBQ's factorial validity, conforming to the intended 4-factor structure (subscales: negative-controllability, positive-controllability, negative-usefulness, positive-usefulness), with support also found for a higher-order general factor (e.g., CFI = 0.941, RMSEA = 0.063). This structure was invariant across gender and age categories. The EBQ subscales correlated in expected directions with emotional reactivity traits and psychopathology symptoms. The EBQ showed good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.77–0.88) and discriminant validity. Beliefs about the uncontrollability of negative emotions were the strongest unique predictor of psychopathology symptoms. We also presented percentile rank norms for Polish adults. The Polish version of the EBQ appears to have strong psychometric properties and good clinical relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature studies have found that caregivers play a vital role in children's outdoor play activities. In view of the limitations and the low level of outdoor play (OP) of children in Chinese cities, the present study attempted to reveal the constraints of caregivers on children's OP based on the leisure constraints theory. Through two on-site questionnaire surveys distributed in Hefei, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to explore the constraint dimensions of caregivers on children's outdoor play (COP) and to test the adaptability of each in the leisure constraints theory. The study also evaluated the moderating effect of demographic, behavioral and preference variables in using public open spaces on these constraint dimensions. Results showed that: (1) There was a four-dimensional leisure constraint structure for caregivers' constraints on COP, namely "intra-personal," "inter-personal," "structure" and "safety;" (2) Demographics (e.g. age of caregiver, relationship with children, family structure, career, monthly income, etc.), behavioral and preference (e.g. type of site, ways of travel, frequency of visit, etc.) variables of the respondents showed significant differences in these four constraint dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the measurement equivalence of the Spanish Differentiation of Self Inventory for Adolescents (S-DSI-A) in adolescent populations across Spanish-speaking countries (N = 5,552), including Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Spain. Within the Bowen family system theory, Differentiation of self is one of the most recognized constructs to systemic researchers and couple and family therapy practitioners, with implications in relationship adjustment or mental and physical health. The study uses multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) to test for configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the S-DSI-A across the six samples. The results indicate that the S-DSI-A demonstrates configural and metric invariance, but scalar invariance is not achieved. These findings have implications for cross-cultural research on differentiation of self and highlight the importance of considering measurement equivalence when comparing results across different populations. Specifically, our results suggest that the S-DSI-A reliably assesses the latent variables of Emotional Reactivity (ER) and Emotional Cutoff (EC) uniformly across Spanish-speaking nations, but the mean scores for the ER and EC lack cross-sample comparability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (CB-PTSS) are prevalent and have pervasive consequences for the entire family. The development and validation of tools for screening CB-PTSS are deemed necessary to maximize prevention and intervention efforts. This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the modified perinatal PTSD questionnaire (PPQ-II) in a sample of European Portuguese mothers. Four hundred and fifty-one women, from 1 to 18 months postpartum, participated in an online cross-sectional study that was conducted between February and March 2020. Participants completed the PPQ-II and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales – 21 (DASS-21). Factor structure was estimated through an Exploratory (EFA; n = 229) and Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 222). Convergent and known-groups validity and internal consistency of the scale were also computed. The EFA suggested a 2-structure factor (Factor 1 "Arousal", containing 7 items; and Factor 2 "Avoidance and Intrusion", containing 4 items), accounting for 48.3% of the total variance of the scale. This factor structure was supported by the CFA, showing an adequate fit to the data. Convergent validity was shown by significant associations between the PPQ-II and DASS-21 subscales. Overall, the scale discriminated between at-risk and low-risk mothers. The McDonald' omega coefficients attested the high reliability of the PPQ-2 (ranging from 0.78 to 0.89). The PPQ-II is a valid and reliable instrument to routinely screen for CB-PTSS in perinatal health services. It also adds to prior studies demonstrating its cross-cultural validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Electronic Gaming Motives Questionnaire (EGMQ) assesses motives for engaging in video gaming, which are important to understanding risk for problem gaming and related harms. Only limited research has validated the EGMQ and examined its applicability across demographic subgroups (i.e., invariance). To this end, the present study evaluated the psychometric properties, including measurement invariance, of the EGMQ. Participants (N = 332) were Canadian adults reporting past-year gaming, recruited from an online crowdsourcing platform. Participants completed measures assessing demographic characteristics, gaming behaviours (motives, time spent, games played, problems), and psychological risk factors for problem gaming (e.g., boredom proneness, impulsivity). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor structure of the EGMQ, including coping, enhancement, social, and self-gratification motive factors. The EGMQ demonstrated configural, metric, and scalar invariance by age, sex, and employment status. Factors were differentially associated with several psychological risk factors for problem gaming, supporting convergent validity of the EGMQ. Concurrent validity was also supported by differential associations of the factors with various gaming-related outcomes, with coping motives associated with the greatest gaming engagement and problem gaming severity. Findings suggest that the EGMQ has good psychometric properties and can be administered to participants from different demographic groups. The EGMQ may be used in future research to understand how coping, enhancement, social, and self-gratification motives for gaming may differentially confer risk for problem gaming and related harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (C-MPFI) in college students and other groups. A total of 2794 participants were included in the study, including college students (Sample A: N = 1405), middle school students (Sample B: N = 438), epidemic prevention and control volunteers (Sample C: N = 496), and private enterprise employees (Sample D: N = 455). Sample A was asked to complete C-MPFI and the validity questionnaires at the same time. Other sample groups were only required to complete C-MPFI. After 3 weeks, 355 college students filled in the same questionnaires to assess the test-retest reliability. The exploratory factor analysis showed that the C-MPFI consisted of six factors, with a total of 30 items. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the six-factor structure fit was acceptable (χ2 = 1629.64, df = 398, CFI = 0.90, TLI = 0.89, RMSEA = 0.070, SRMR = 0.078). C-MPFI and its dimensions are significantly positively correlated with positive indicators of mental health (life satisfaction), significantly negatively correlated with negative emotions (depression, anxiety, stress), and significantly negatively correlated with empirical avoidance and cognitive fusion. C-MPFI and its dimensions demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability in different samples. The C-MPFI scores were comparable across groups, according to the results of the measurement invariance tests, the configural invariance, metric invariance, scalar invariance, and strict invariance of the 6-factor model. It suggested that the C-MPFI has good reliability and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop a Turkish adaptation of the Peer Attitudes Toward Children Who Stutter (PATCS-TR) scale and analyse its validity and reliability. The study sample included 844 children from grades 3 to 6. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the construct validity of the PATCS-TR. To test the reliability of the scale, Cronbach's alpha, test–retest reliability, and average variance extracted were calculated. A split-half test was also conducted for reliability analysis. A t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine whether the scores on the scale and its subscales differed in terms of demographic features. The 29-item PATCS-TR maintained the three-factor structure of the original scale and demonstrated construct validity. The test–retest reliability of the scale was.802. When the 29 items were divided into two groups, Cronbach's alpha for the items in the first and second groups was.904 and.926, respectively, indicating high reliability for the scale. The present study revealed no effect of gender or meeting someone who stutters on peer attitudes toward stuttering. However, as age and grade level increased, attitudes toward stuttering became more positive. The PATCS-TR scale can be used as a valid and reliable tool to assess Turkish school-age children's attitude toward peers who stutter. Analysis of the three subscales may help in designing classroom-based peer education programs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing literature includes distinct psychometric measures designed to assess the psychological future. Examples include the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and the Future Time Perspective Scale. Nevertheless, these measures have been found to have certain statistical and theoretical limitations, or they predominantly concentrate on a singular aspect of the future. This article aims to address these limitations by introducing the Future Time Orientation Scale (FTOS), a novel instrument designed to assess the psychological future. The article comprises three studies involving five distinct samples that encompassed 3,316 participants from Brazil and Portugal. The FTOS consists of two factors, each containing five and three items, respectively. The factors assess impact (i.e., influence of the psychological future in current decisions and behavior) and distance (i.e., perceptions of time distance into the future). Across the three studies, validity and reliability evidence is established through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, measurement invariance models, ceiling and floor effect assessment, four types of reliability coefficients, and relations to other measures. Therefore, the FTOS is ready for further use, development, and testing in other research and practice contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]