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Ana Noreña-Peña escribe una reseña sobre el libro de María Luisa Martínez Martín y Elena Chamorro Rebollo “Historia de la enfermería. Evolución Histórica del cuidado enfermero”.

The objective of the present study is to show how care for the elderly appears witnessed and widely developed in Athenian tragedy, specifically in two plays by Sophocles: Antigone and Oedipus at Colonus. Added to this is the exposition of the prominent role that women played in everything related to this care, as well as that which was provided to the dead. Hence, special emphasis is placed on the fact that much of what is related to funeral rites, in ancient Greece, was reserved for women and prohibited for men. Furthermore, the importance that senescence has in the work of Sophocles is detailed, exemplified in the dramatic weight of the tragic chorus, made up, uniquely and exclusively, of elderly people. This work, therefore, highlights the preponderant role that, in care and attention to dependency, played two of the marginalized sectors in Athenian society, such as women and the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ana Noreña-Peña writes a review of the book by María Luisa Martínez Martín and Elena Chamorro Rebollo "History of nursing. "Historical Evolution of Nursing Care". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goals: Understand the relationship that is established among professors, students and assistencial nurses, between the theory and practice of cultural care. Methods: Qualitative, hermeneutic, with a critical approach. A sociodemographic questionnaire, discussion groups and episodic interviews were used. Model: 34 participants: 6 teachers, 11 nurses and 17 students. Results: Three subjects were identified: 1. The theory and practice of cultural care in nursery: the learned knowledge. The cultural care is not formalized in the curriculum, some aspects from the cultural care are included in the theory of the courses. 2. Practice and theory of the cultural care in nursery: the lived experience. The rigid protocols and homogenizers from the health institutions were the major obstacle to specify along the practice of cultural care. 3: The relationship of theory and practice in nursery: what is recognized. Professors and nurses formers of human talent recognize their lack of preparation to form the students in cul-tural care. Conclusions: There is a breach between the theory and the practice around cultural care. It is required to include the cultural care in the curriculum and make it congruent with the theory and the practice, allowing the dialog of knowledge and surpassing not only the communication barriers, but attitudinal and institutional, which were found in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the testimony of the midwife and practitioner José Quílez, who developed his professional practice in Almenar (small town in the province of Lleida), in order to show how the professional provision of care in rural postwar Catalonia was developed by this civil servant of the local administration. A qualitative study of historical research is developed using the biographical interview as a resource, framed in the phenomenological paradigm, using direct oral sources that have been triangulated with the interviewee's own written sources, bibliographic sources, as well as documentation from the archives of the Official College of Nurses of Lleida. The testimony highlights a noble character forged by the miseries of postwar Spain, which led to his emigration for work reasons from Aragon to Catalonia, where he had the opportunity to develop a solid family project, as well as a strong professional commitment in the provision of care, which is manifested in the rigor in the application of the protocols of the time, as well as the basic principles of ethics and privacy with which he attended to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to know the care provided by the family member to the child admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). This is a descriptive and exploratory research with a qualitative approach, developed in a PICU of a hospital in the south of Rio Grande do Sul / Brazil. Fifteen family caregivers participated. The collection took place between December 2017 and January 2018, through a semistructured interview that occurred after the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), under the opinion n 2,416,925. The data were interpreted according to the thematic content analysis. Two categories were elaborated: Care provided by family members within a PICU; Relationship established by the health team of the PICU with the family caregiver and the child. The family offers the child a care based on love, affection and warmth, exposed when performing actions such as changing diapers, assisting in bathing and dressing. Likewise, the care received by the family members by the health team proved to be important to facilitate the process of adaptation to the situation lived and the continuity of the care of the family member to the child. In this sense, it can be seen that health professionals, especially nursing, may be conducting a therapeutic listening in their daily care, with a view to effective communication in which both speak the same language, valuing the meanings and meanings attributed by the family to this experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the factors of the social structure and food culture of an indigenous community that strengthen collective care. Materials and methods: Qualitative study, ethnographic method; through purposive sampling: 10 semi-structured interviews and participant observation; the content analysis was supported by the Atlas ti 7.0 tool. Results: economic-political, educational, social-cultural and spiritual factors provided evidence of food exercises and practices that from the indigenous worldview of balance and awareness with "mother earth" and of its territorial organization contribute to the collective and identity practices of the community. Conclusions: Around food, many practices are woven that strengthen care in the community; from the shagra physical and spiritual food is harvested, as well as it is also constituted as a space of identity affirmation and survival of ancestral knowledge that must be preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to present the care lifestyles of indigenous peoples with an emphasis on children for transfer in health institutions. Methodology: documental investigation, in the aspect of the culture of care, through four indigenous communities circumscribed in Roraima. The discussion in four axes: hygiene, food, evacuations to eat and sleep, and care for injuries to children under and over 1 year old. Results: This gave rise to three tables: indigenous people, lifestyle of care for children under 1 year old and another with children over 1 year old. Contributions to practice: these were traces of how difficult it is to care for the indigenous population, which deserves training for health professionals. Final Considerations: They pointed to interculturality, the process of cultural heritage, in principle, through Catholicism and the need for training health professionals, especially nursing with the proposal of transculturality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this editorial is to reflect on the controversies generated by the new transhumanist and post-humanist ideologies regarding the humanisation of care. It also offers a remedy to the consequences of these depersonalising ideologies: the poetry of care [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we approach health and care from a holistic approach. The SARS-Cov-2 syndemic, in addition to the effects on the health of many people, opened up a scenario of complexity, fears and uncertainties that prompted many to seek ways of self-care that could help them and allow them to cope. In this context, mindfulness, by integrating physical, mental, emotional and social aspects, offers a holistic way of taking care of oneself and improving the quality of life. In this research we expose the experience of a mindfulness group through an ethnographic fieldwork to learn how it has affected the care and well-being of its practitioners in a syndemic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This work analyzes the transformations of formal and informal care in rural territories in Spain and Chile. Method: We describe the results of two qualitative studies that carried out interviews in two rural areas. The interviews addressed the characteristics of the formal and informal care received by older adults. The data is discussed in the light of research on care crises, the support generation and older caregiver women, from the perspective of rural territories. Results: on one hand, identify the presence of male caregivers, the extended family, and neighborhood-community networks in the provision of informal care. We discuss the need to consider the socio-cultural particularities of rural territories in the design of formal care services. We recommend the strengthening of ties of such services with family groups and local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of Primary Care does not begin in 1978 with the Declaration of Alma-Ata, but must be contextualized in the history of Social Medicine, as the first is a strategy of the second. The advances that have been made in the area of Primary Care are undeniable, but they have not been enough to overcome inequities with regard to addressing vulnerable groups with low economic resources. The objective of the article is to analyze the evolution of Primary Health Care from the declaration of Alma-Ata to that of Astana. To do this, a bibliographic review of articles published in the last five years was carried out in journals indexed in Google Scholar, Lilacs and Scopus. Scientific recognition of the practices of Traditional Chinese Medicine is evident, extending its use to various regions of the western world; the enactment of health promotion and disease prevention as a necessity of the first order. Strengthening the primary level of care constitutes the most inclusive, efficient and effective approach to improving people's physical and mental health, as well as their social well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to study the actions of help and care in the face of illness and pain among a group of elderly people from private, non-profit and religious residential institutions for the elderly - some public and private residences have also been visited. layperson both in Spain and abroad- from the Autonomous Community of Castilla La Mancha (Spain) and who belong to the "International Congregation of the Little Sisters of the Helpless Elderly", founded in 1873, which has countless residences for the following four continents: Europe, Asia, Africa and America. As it is an ethnographic field research, the methodology used cannot be other than participant observation, informal conversations and open semi-structured interviews. The results are as follows: In the residences of this Congregation, illness and pain are faced, whether we speak of "valid" or "assisted" people, the latter being the reference space for the latter, both in biomedical terms. as well as in a religious spiritual key, that is, from pharmacological medicine (cure), as well as based on a set of beliefs that revolve around the idea of love for Christ as a source of healing / healing. In conclusion, we affirm that both the biomedical technical treatment (cure) and the humanitarian affective (care) merge in the help / care / cure processes, avoiding excess cure and deficit of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has caused various changes in the public and private context, raising moral, legal, political and social challenges for the daily life of the society around the world. This paper offers some reflections on the ethics and care for life, in a time when sudden changes were associated with the challenge of survival viability and the importance of relational care in the context of the pandemic. In view of the mandate for social isolation and distancing, protection strategies were sought for a social continuum. In this context, the care framework was built around the notion of salutogenesis and self-preservation, which underlies a value system incorporating knowledge related to health, quality of life and well-being. In a systemic view, through public policies and humanitarian aid, there is the assumption that new principles and values will guide the future experience focusing on the preservation of human life, ethical health care and planetary preservation for the good living of humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Institutions are areas where the family caregiver remains indefinitely, interacting with the nursing staff in the care process. Most of the time you do not consider your needs and fears. Objective: To describe the feelings of the family caregiver in a third level institution. Method: Descriptive study with hermeneutic orientation of interpretive-inductive cut, performed in a third level hospital in Mexico City. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted; six to family caregivers and three to nurses, in addition to having a real-time approach to behaviors and processes was supported by unstructured observation. Results: Two categories were obtained with their respective subcategories. 1. The institution as a family caregiver developer: The dynamics of formal and informal care and contributions in the care / care of the family caregiver. 2. The need for family caregiver care: The involvement of the family caregiver in the institutional system. Conclusions: Despite having an active presence in hospitals carrying out a range of activities in the care process, the family caregiver continues to feel "invisible" to the health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nursing care, narrative emerges as mediation and a key element in the care process, which also determines an epistemological background, supported by scientific advances in the nursing sciences. Objective: To analyze the epistemological aspects: meaning, metaparadigm, nursing knowledge patterns and worldviews to a service narrative of a Renal Unit. Methodology: Hildegard Peplau's thought and the guide for the analysis of nursing situations, it were applied used at the University of Santander-UDES. Results: The "Situation of Nursing" analyzed is located in the vision of reciprocity. Patterns of nursing knowledge were identified, reflecting predominance of the aesthetic pattern. Conclusion: In the care of adults with peritoneal dialysis, and with the difficulties in accepting their recent terminal diagnosis, a humanized care is essential.

The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the support networks for the care of children of single mothers who are university students in a career of sciences and technology. The study was conducted from February to May in the year 2014, at the Faculty of Sciences Chemical of the Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico. We carry out the stories of life from 8 undergraduate students. The lack or a solid and predictable support network for the care of children becomes the central element wich determines the impossibility of young women to continue their university studies. Some young women living situations of violence within their support network and it leads them to experience a not legitimate motherhood.

Objective: Analyze the symbolic elements on the cover of the 1904 of Revista da Semana on Vaccine Revolt as a means of imaging a social and sanitary movement. Method: This is a documental research that has utilized as a subject the preliminary phases of Erwin Panofsky's notions, pre iconographic and iconographic. Results: The vaccine's uprising portrayed on the cover of the magazine of the week of 1904 shows the imposition of sanitary measures by the government and the popular participation in the struggle against these abusive and vertical proposals with the risk prevention's speech. Conclusion: With this study it was possible to do a deepening about two characters who are opposite representatives in a society marked by determinants, social disparateness and politics that didn't assist the health and economical reality. And it also portrayed the power relationship in force at the time steps that culminated in the movement of Vaccine Revolt were implemented.

Introduction: From the of birth, everyone humans are thrown into the world in a helpless, vulnerable, dependent manner. Without the care of another, whether strange or near, we could not survive. We are dependent on others, we depend on their recognition, their cares, their displays of affection, their tenderness. Objective: To analyse the anthropological link between care and tenderness to potentiate care as an essential “way to be” of the human being, who ontological way was born of care and needs care. Methodology: A qualitative documentary research with a hermeneutic approach is carried out. Once the bibliographic material that addresses the categories of care, tenderness and love is selected, an analysis is made of what is interwoven in them, always in relation to the human being. Results and discussions: Results and discussions: The study carried out puts in close anthropological relation to the care with the tenderness. Both are a fundamental part of the human being as supply and demand, as a basic need, without which the person would can´t to live his humanity in fullness. In addition, in this relationship between tenderness and care, love is also interwoven as an essential note for care. It is also analysed that what gives us existence is the feel not the think, an existence that requires care not as sentimentality but as vigour. Conclusions: Through tenderness, care can be offered with greater generosity and sensitivity, with all the vigour that it carries within and springs from itself when worries, anticipating and feeling affected by the carelessness and the underprivileged by lack of love, by the hardness of heart and barbarism.

Reconfigured reflection of the lecture presented and entitled "Lessons from Florence Nightingale in times of Covid-19" at the I Congreso Virtual Comemoriación del Bicentenario del Nascimento by Florence Nightingale (1820-2020), from 25 to 27 May 2020, in Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain). Therefore, these are some lessons left by the leader of modern nursing applied in the present time of the Covid-19 pandemic, when attitudes possibly neglected by public, private and health authorities were left to second and / or third plans from a local outbreak to a pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history, health and illness have been of concern to men. This situation led to the creation of architectural spaces that served to reconquer the first and leave the second behind. There are many examples of buildings, hospitals, that have been built, some temporarily and others permanent. The former come from the hand of the Greco-Roman world that laid the foundations for the later ones. But as the mystical gave way to science the needs changed. Little by little, the spaces were adapted to create the most suitable conditions that would facilitate the healing and care of the sick. One of the most interesting examples, and which is considered a starting point, is the intervention carried out by Florence Nightingale first at St. Thomas Hospital and later at Herbert Hospital in the second half of the 19th century. In them, science, architecture and health go hand in hand to walk together and thus achieve their goal: to cure and care for the sick. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this reflective article is to analyze technique and care as human essences and how their relationship and effects are in the humanistic contemporaneity routed towards posthumanism. Methodology: The experience of care in highly technical areas have created questions about the meaning and essence of care in technical spaces. From these two great concepts, a hermeneutical path is traveled. With theoretical references such as Heiddeger, Nietzche and Mélich to search for answers and new questions in a "dataist" and technified contemporaneity, which nullifies care as a human essence. Conclusion: A solution to the possible obsolescence of care is not to leave the technical aside, but to revive the care of care, to resignify the meaning of otherness that is mistakenly made invisible behind the curtain of a programmed and apparently necessary obsolescence. Caring for care is truly caring for the other and for this common home, it is recognizing finitude as orientation, as a possibility, as a response and an opening to care that allows closing gaps and opening opportunities. It is to consider the technical, not as a locator-exploiter mechanism, but, on the contrary, a caretaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To know the perception of the nursing team about the playful approach to hospitalized children. Methodology: exploratory-descriptive qualitative study in Pediatrics in a hospital in southern Rio Grande do Sul School with eight nursing team professionals. To collect data, we used the semi-structured interview. The information was interpreted through thematic analysis of Minayo. Results: it was observed that the nursing staff does not have the technical and scientific preparation to use a playful approach in providing nursing care, as well as some ignorant of the concept and the techniques applied to the play therapy, this issue has had little or no approach in academic or vocational training of respondents. Conclusion: it is necessary that this mode is entered in undergraduate courses and that the institutions promote playful care that professionals can use this instrument care, thereby improving the care provided to hospitalized children.

During the fifteenth and sixteenth century, at a time of repression and religious and inquisitorial persecution, women have acted as informal caregivers with empirical practices. The objectives of this article is to emphasize the process of professionalization of women’s care over that period and to know the role of the church and men in critical care to women, as well as presenting Spanish female figures who have excelled in medicine during this period. Methods: The task is a narrative review of secondary sources related with the object of study, as well as an analysis of the same sources from the social history, keeping in mind the characteristics of the era of study. Results: During the centuries XV and XVI, the church, along with the medical class, led to a suppression of feminine care that influenced their acceptance. Thus, feminine care generated disagreement and conflict between the church and society and the informal women’s care began to be part of the professionalized medical profession. Conclusions: The findings from this study highlight the acceptance of female empirical practices, in contrast to the theoretical knowledge of medical and subsequently the inclusion of women in professional care.

Objective. Think about the caring moment as a phenomenological encounter between nurse and cared person in the light of Jean Watson’s theory. Methodology. It is a theoretical-philosophical analysis based on Jean Watson’s caring moment and the perspective of other authors in this objet. Results. Nursing as a discipline embraces the concept of humanized care as a form of expansion of being through the phenomenological encounter of two people, a person who cares and one who is being cared. This meeting is known as caring moment, where the most supreme forms of healing are linked. Conclusion. The nurse as a caregiver meets a person who is being cared through a transpersonal encounter that must be unique, where their life stories converge in a caring moment that is able to harmonize body, mind and spirit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humanizing education constitutes a pillar for bioethical formation of nursing professionals in intercultural contexts, which guides the transformative sense of the vision of disciplinary care. It was sought to understand the senses that the training actors grant bioethics from the training practices in an intercultural context. For this, a descriptive qualitative investigation with a hermeneutical epistemic approach is proposed, the data analysis was carried out from the grounded theory. Data were collected through: documentary review, semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, field diaries and focus groups. Participants correspond to students, teachers and directors of the nursing program of a university in southwestern Colombia, practice tutors and care subjects who were attended by the students. The results allow us to conclude that the main nonsense in formation lies in a problem of coloniality of being and knowing, because the curriculum continues to privilege technical knowledge over a human formation. Weaving intercultural bioethics from pedagogical reflection in intercultural contexts allows developing a critical training regarding what does not favor the harmony of human being with territory and that leads the professional future to be aware of their responsibility with health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay invites to a reflection, from the Foucauldian perspective, about the viewpoint of nursing-care delivery and teaching to future professionals, as well as the analysis of the relations of power in nursing and the link with people “caring objects” from a bioethical point of view. The methodology includes texts analysis from a Foucauldian perspective in health, a retrospective view about the experiences of professionals nurses and the installation of mechanism of power in nursing. Sources related to nursing history and the professional formation with emphasis on professor/student and nurse/patient relationship were analyzed. Bioethical aspects and professional contexts were compared. Currently nurses have normalized the existence of control mechanism within the direct attention of people and their care, which is transferred to the formation of nurses. Nowadays, nursing thoughts have been expanded, become independent and adapted to different contexts. This invites to use a broader perspective to observe the purpose of the discipline and the profession of nursing, using an introspective view that allows to understand that the nursing practice perpetuates subordination and power in both direct care teams and work teams.

The research objectives are to clarify the theoretical origin of so-called Nursing metaparadigmas, explicit kinds of seconds Wilhelm Dilthey worldviews on the paradigm concept in Thomas Kuhn, propose two nouns concepts identified in national Nursing writings. The research is theoretical, the method is inductive, the technique is descriptive-analytic and the approach is historical. Results: the apparent consensus on the Nursing metaparadigmas is more didactic than coming from refined epistemological research; there is no conceptual similarity of metaparadigm of meanings in Margaret Mastermann and designing metaparadigmas in nursing; the notion of paradigm in Thomas Kuhn has similarities to the earlier theory of world views in Wilhelm Dilthey. Purposeful conclusion: body and care are nouns concepts; therapeutic relationship is connective concept; Nursing care is adjective concept. The three types of concepts has been the fundamental connection experience (Erlebnis). If having for object of study the mediator body of nursing care, in Aristotelian terms it can be said that the body is material cause, the mediator body is formal cause, the therapeutic relationship in the care process is efficient cause, care Nursing is final cause.

The client with Ulcus Cruris requires proper care, in order to restore health and return to daily activities. The objectives of this study are: to identify the habits of life of the person with varicose ulcer and characterize the forms of care carried out by the person with varicose ulcer. Was conducted an online survey of articles published in the period between 2009 and 2014 who addressed the theme to were searched using keywords indexed in databases: CAPES periodical (SciELO, LILACS, BEDENF) and on the website of the Brazilian Society of Stomatherapy (SOBEST). The analysis of the articles, emerged two categories: forms of care carried out by the person with the varicose ulcer and the lifestyle of the person with varicose ulcer. During the research it was found that most of the studies focused on the process of development and healing of the lesions. In addition, it was possible to observe the importance of knowing the style of life of the person with varicose ulcer, since this can interfere or not in the care process.

The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the support networks for the care of children of single mothers who are university students in a career of sciences and technology. The study was conducted from February to May in the year 2014, at the Faculty of Sciences Chemical of the Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico. We carry out the stories of life from 8 undergraduate students. The lack or a solid and predictable support network for the care of children becomes the central element which determines the impossibility of young women to continue their university studies. Some young women living situations of violence within their support network and it leads them to experience a not legitimate motherhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nursing care, narrative emerges as mediation and a key element in the care process, which also determines an epistemological background, supported by scientific advances in the nursing sciences. Objective: To analyze the epistemological aspects: meaning, metaparadigm, nursing knowledge patterns and worldviews to a service narrative of a Renal Unit. Methodology: Hildegard Peplau's thought and the guide for the analysis of nursing situations, it were applied used at the University of Santander-UDES. Results: The "Situation of Nursing" analyzed is located in the vision of reciprocity. Patterns of nursing knowledge were identified, reflecting predominance of the aesthetic pattern. Conclusion: In the care of adults with peritoneal dialysis, and with the difficulties in accepting their recent terminal diagnosis, a humanized care is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Child care has been supported in a Judeo-Christian family model, so that the division of roles between the couple is functional: the man provides and the woman cares. However, this division of roles does not conform to new family configurations and even less to contemporary social dynamics. Objective: To study the social organization of child care, from the perspective of the mothers of vulnerable sectors in Bogotá. Method: Narrative hermeneutic design, which used in-depth individual interviews, which were subjected to a coding and categorization process for the final construction of the narrative. Results: The care of the infants continues being an exclusive responsibility of the women, they, in poverty conditions, also assume the family supply in partial or total absence of the father. And although there are some state programs related to care, these women do not get access to the benefits due to ignorance of their existence or because these programs do not have adequate coverage. Conclusions: Poor women must simultaneously assume the roles of providing and caring for infants without being able to benefit from the scarce care programs offered by the State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analytically identify, in the periodical El Centinela, news related to the sanitary conditions and care towards the wounded in the Paraguay war. Method: Serial history approach three news fragments were used to illustrate the sanitary conditions and care towards the wounded. Results: The hostile sanitary conditions where the practice of care, compress with rips of skirts of women to stop the bleeding and the use of medicinal and nutritional marijuana were one of the methods used for care. Conclusion: There wasn’t the pretense of deepen the sanitary conditions and care to injured in action but carried that El Centinela periodical has regular daily richness of war, which allows somehow reassemble, even minimally, the history of care.

The discipline of nursing needs to identify with a philosophy that allows give an interpretive sense of social or individual phenomena; and qualitative research provides the necessary methodology to perform the interpretation of the meanings under a critical and reflective analysis. The aim of this study was to reflect on different philosophical traditions around phenomenology, exploring the thoughts of Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger and Alfred Schütz. A theoretical essay whose literary input was obtained from repositories and electronic data sources was conducted, published in the years 2010 to 2014 were included combinations of eight key words were used and those items not mentioned the theoretical approach of philosophers were excluded of interest. It is concluded that the three philosophical perspectives pose a feasible methodological strategy to be used in qualitative research in nursing, either under the descriptive school of Husserl, Heidegger interpretive stance or the social vision of Schütz.

It is an opinion, a personal reflection metaphorically, on the evolution of the nursing process, based on the System Caregiver Ratio Dorothea Orem. As a care process from the initial ratio of distance, approaching two personalities can go two evaluative own visions and converge on a common vision and hybridized with a single purpose, caring for the person. The tool to use is communication.

Introduction: Etymologically care concept comes from the term “’ll take care / curare.” The word care has different meanings in our language. The most immediate and popular works as a warning of impending danger; This is one of the words a child learns first and now, for the elderly, we use it as profusion throughout life. Objectives: It is proposed to review the scientific literature to analyze the evolution of the concept of “Care” throughout history. Methods: Systematic review in the following databases: Medline, Pubmed Scopus, CUIDEN, Google Scholar. Results: Items with high relevance ranging from 1947 to 2012 were selected after analysis of 51 complete articles, we selected 13 articles and added 10 referential and intuitive search Google Scholar. Conclusions: The term care affects all human life, mind and body. Thus, a healthy mind is the assumption of a good life. Several scientists and researchers have used this term in their studies from different perspectives but coinciding in its importance to humanity in general and in the field of health professionals, in particular

This work deals with one challenge for teacher and students in the first years of Degree in Nursing: getting in touch with Ethical, Historical and Epistemological Bases of Nursing. Create a workshop where sharing knowledge and experience, is one of the goals to be achieved in the development of the subject. Reflective practice and meaningful learning are definitely established as fundamental tools for students in order to achieve required skills. We present a work of reflective practice, held by a student at the end of the course, starting from his previous training as a Doctor of Theology. He combines both knowledges in a poetic style, and puts another care perspective forward nurses.

Introduction: From the of birth, everyone humans are thrown into the world in a helpless, vulnerable, dependent manner. Without the care of another, whether strange or near, we could not survive. We are dependent on others, we depend on their recognition, their cares, their displays of affection, their tenderness. Objective: To analyse the anthropological link between care and tenderness to potentiate care as an essential "way to be" of the human being, who ontological way was born of care and needs care. Methodology: A qualitative documentary research with a hermeneutic approach is carried out. Once the bibliographic material that addresses the categories of care, tenderness and love is selected, an analysis is made of what is interwoven in them, always in relation to the human being. Results and discussions: Results and discussions: The study carried out puts in close anthropological relation to the care with the tenderness. Both are a fundamental part of the human being as supply and demand, as a basic need, without which the person would can't to live his humanity in fullness. In addition, in this relationship between tenderness and care, love is also interwoven as an essential note for care. It is also analysed that what gives us existence is the feel not the think, an existence that requires care not as sentimentality but as vigour. Conclusions: Through tenderness, care can be offered with greater generosity and sensitivity, with all the vigour that it carries within and springs from itself when worries, anticipating and feeling affected by the carelessness and the underprivileged by lack of love, by the hardness of heart and barbarism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Analyze the symbolic elements on the cover of the 1904 of Revista da Semana on Vaccine Revolt as a means of imaging a social and sanitary movement. Method: This is a documental research that has utilized as a subject the preliminary phases of Erwin Panofsky's notions, pre iconographic and iconographic. Results: The vaccine's uprising portrayed on the cover of the magazine of the week of 1904 shows the imposition of sanitary measures by the government and the popular participation in the struggle against these abusive and vertical proposals with the risk prevention's speech. Conclusion: With this study it was possible to do a deepening about two characters who are opposite representatives in a society marked by determinants, social disparateness and politics that didn't assist the health and economical reality. And it also portrayed the power relationship in force at the time steps that culminated in the movement of Vaccine Revolt were implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the fifteenth and sixteenth century, at a time of repression and religious and inquisitorial persecution, women have acted as informal caregivers with empirical practices. The objectives of this article is to emphasize the process of professionalization of women's care over that period and to know the role of the church and men in critical care to women, as well as presenting Spanish female figures who have excelled in medicine during this period. Methods: The task is a narrative review of secondary sources related with the object of study, as well as an analysis of the same sources from the social history, keeping in mind the characteristics of the era of study. Results: During the centuries XV and XVI, the church, along with the medical class, led to a suppression of feminine care that influenced their acceptance. Thus, feminine care generated disagreement and conflict between the church and society and the informal women's care began to be part of the professionalized medical profession. Conclusions: The findings from this study highlight the acceptance of female empirical practices, in contrast to the theoretical knowledge of medical and subsequently the inclusion of women in professional care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To know the perception of the nursing team about the playful approach to hospitalized children. Methodology: exploratory-descriptive qualitative study in Pediatrics in a hospital in southern Rio Grande do Sul School with eight nursing team professionals. To collect data, we used the semi-structured interview. The information was interpreted through thematic analysis of Minayo. Results: it was observed that the nursing staff does not have the technical and scientific preparation to use a playful approach in providing nursing care, as well as some ignorant of the concept and the techniques applied to the play therapy, this issue has had little or no approach in academic or vocational training of respondents. Conclusion: it is necessary that this mode is entered in undergraduate courses and that the institutions promote playful care that professionals can use this instrument care, thereby improving the care provided to hospitalized children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To know the perception of the nursing team about the playful approach to hospitalized children. Methodology: exploratory-descriptive qualitative study in Pediatrics in a hospital in southern Rio Grande do Sul School with eight nursing team professionals. To collect data, we used the semi-structured interview. The information was interpreted through thematic analysis of Minayo. Results: it was observed that the nursing staff does not have the technical and scientific preparation to use a playful approach in providing nursing care, as well as some ignorant of the concept and the techniques applied to the play therapy, this issue has had little or no approach in academic or vocational training of respondents. Conclusion: it is necessary that this mode is entered in undergraduate courses and that the institutions promote playful care that professionals can use this instrument care, thereby improving the care provided to hospitalized children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the evolution of the nursing profession, have carried out various scenarios care and have used various materials to provide care. The material world of nursing care consists of a wide variety of instruments that support such care, facilitating the work of nursing. It is therefore important to know the elements that our predecessors used in nursing practice and its most important features. Objective: It aims to analyze the situation of the material world throughout history including nursing between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries, in order to gather information and present an updated version of what instruments vision were used and how it is carried out carefully. Methods: It has done a literature review in order to find and use information available about the material world throughout the history of nursing. It has also been carried out the analysis of various manual to understand the care provided in those centuries. Results: technological, scientific and social challenges throughout the seventeenth movements, and especially nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there have been several changes in the material world and the stage of care in the nursing profession. Conclusions: he analysis of media and objects used in the care, allows you to draw an overview of the evolving role of nurses. The material world of care has been built and enriched by the various figures who have dedicated themselves to caring and objects that have been part of that care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay invites to a reflection, from the Foucauldian perspective, about the viewpoint of nursing-care delivery and teaching to future professionals, as well as the analysis of the relations of power in nursing and the link with people "caring objects" from a bioethical point of view. The methodology includes texts analysis from a Foucauldian perspective in health, a retrospective view about the experiences of professionals nurses and the installation of mechanism of power in nursing. Sources related to nursing history and the professional formation with emphasis on professor/student and nurse/patient relationship were analyzed. Bioethical aspects and professional contexts were compared. Currently nurses have normalized the existence of control mechanism within the direct attention of people and their care, which is transferred to the formation of nurses. Nowadays, nursing thoughts have been expanded, become independent and adapted to different contexts. This invites to use a broader perspective to observe the purpose of the discipline and the profession of nursing, using an introspective view that allows to understand that the nursing practice perpetuates subordination and power in both direct care teams and work teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research objectives are to clarify the theoretical origin of so-called Nursing metaparadigmas, explicit kinds of seconds Wilhelm Dilthey worldviews on the paradigm concept in Thomas Kuhn, propose two nouns concepts identified in national Nursing writings. The research is theoretical, the method is inductive, the technique is descriptive-analytic and the approach is historical. Results: the apparent consensus on the Nursing metaparadigmas is more didactic than coming from refined epistemological research; there is no conceptual similarity of metaparadigm of meanings in Margaret Mastermann and designing metaparadigmas in nursing; the notion of paradigm in Thomas Kuhn has similarities to the earlier theory of world views in Wilhelm Dilthey. Purposeful conclusion: body and care are nouns concepts; therapeutic relationship is connective concept; Nursing care is adjective concept. The three types of concepts has been the fundamental connection experience (Erlebnis). If having for object of study the mediator body of nursing care, in Aristotelian terms it can be said that the body is material cause, the mediator body is formal cause, the therapeutic relationship in the care process is efficient cause, care Nursing is final cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this editorial, the author reflects on the incidence of robots in the nursing care and its ethical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, human beings get more and more aged in a better estate of health, but the consequence of that fact implies wider possibilities of being submitted to more chronic illnesses and disabilities, (Bazo, 1998). In this respect, Lehr (1993) states that the hope for a good life not only means a longer life but a better quality of life. It is not how old a person could get but how he gets old, how does he age. Thus, the adult should be given better care in order to keep him in a good health condition with an interesting quality of life. A research was done to discover the quality of care an adult gets when he lives in a different stage of his own home, his own environment, in a “Home”. A formal, observational, descriptive, transversal study was run where the unit to be analyzed was an adult between 60 and 75 years of age. Results showed that care provided to an aged adult in a stage other than his own home only contributes either to maintain his physical capacities or to perform his daily life activities, which in our opinion is not enough to be considered as “a quality of life” care.

The study aim was to understand what is the meaning of 'care' for nurses who look after ill patients with spinal cord injury in hospital. It is a qualitative research achieved in three hospitals, Brazilian, Spanish and Portuguese. 30 male and female nurses in charge of Medual Units were involved. 15 Brazilians, 5 Spaniards and 10 Portuguese. Data collection was gathered in 2003, 2006 and 2007, by means of structured interviews, after the signing of due terms of free Acknowledge and Consent. The main query was: What is care?. Answers revealed three different thematic categories: Care: actions taken according to nurse basic human needs; Care: educational actions; and Care: attitudes and care behaviours. The study suggests there are many coincidences in meaning for caring the so called ill patients involved (cord injury lesions), between Spanish and Portuguese nurses, towards Watson's personal meaning. The outcome is that nurses understand that 'care' is the main point in the process or 'caring', being this perceived as nurses skillfulness to grasp the most important subjective feature of the patient. To get a proper relationship between nurse and patient demands from the latter to experience, imagine and feel the closest to the patient. Thus, we feel transpersonal care is part of inter link to care these type of ill patients.

This study investigated about the thinks and feels of the patients when their body is exposed naked in front of the therapeutic team at the Hospital San Rafael de Tunja. 16 interviews were conducted, 10 women and 6 men hospitalized, mostly from the rural area. This study used the perspective qualitative; its method was collective case study. The coding and analysis of the interviews emerged the following issues: Nudity and shame for women, nakedness and shame for men, ideas from the upbringing related with the body, clinical situation and its relationship to nakedness. The most evident in the study was the answers about bad feelings and upset perceptions related from the experience of exposure of the naked body in front of strangers in the hospital environment, this situation is related with deteriorating the quality of nursing care because the privacy is considered a right of the patient. This research would give benefits for institution and patient for the implementations of the policies and measures that seek to ensure protection and respect the privacy of the patients.

This document analyses the biological and cultural nature of Care, explaining to which extent innate and learned principles can be found in it. As a result, apart from highlighting its precise and universally accepted dimension as an activity of attention or assistance applying to the animal world and essential for survival, a need is proven for resorting to an abstract dimension according to the demands inherent to its complexity. Furthermore, this analysis reveals that the notion of Care not only refers to an act in itself but a phenomenon within reality, exclusively human and universal. This work concludes with new considerations for the sciences that understand Care as an unfailing part of its object of study.