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This paper analyses a corpus extracted from the posts by Santiago Abascal, Vox secretary, published on Instagram for a year. From the methodological point of view, we worked cross-sectionally, using pragmatic linguistics, argumentation theory, and its grammar, as well as studies on political discourse and critical discourse analysis instruments. After a brief introduction on the characteristics of populist discourse, we demonstrate how the locutor uses a wide range of persuasive strategies that forge a discourse in which self-exaltation of the charismatic leader and the denunciation of the source of evil stand out, in addition to the resort to fallacies and an emotional language (evaluative vocabulary, metaphors, etc.) that acquires highly impolite tones or the so-called "Debasing Political Rhetoric". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the subtitles in peninsular and Latin Spanish of the Netflix series Sex Education (Nunn et al., 2019). The series features dialogues with numerous colloquial and vulgar marks typical of youthful language, as well as scenes in which issues related to the ideological category of sex are addressed. The corpus is made up of a selection of scenes taken from the eight episodes of the first season that contain elements related to the category of sex and, in particular, to the following subcategories: sexual relations and sexual anatomy. Based on the classification proposed by Ávila-Cabrera (2020; 2023) in his model for analyzing the translation of taboo languages, it has been possible to shed light on the different techniques used to translate sexual slang in the two versions compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the opinion columns on the political management of the crisis that arose from the COVID-19 pandemic and finds out what differences are detected in the attacks on the ruling political class about the ideological orientation of the newspaper of origin. Starting from the theoretical-methodological framework of discourse analysis with a linguistic-pragmatic approach and through digital humanities, a qualitative analysis of forty opinion columns is carried out. These texts are useful for the analysis of the main linguistic, argumentative and discursive resources in use. Even though criticism of the government is present in all the articles in the corpus, the results show that the most violent and rude attacks come from newspapers of opposite political ideology and are aimed at delegitimizing the measures taken to deal with the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present a methodological proposal for the analysis of Twitter data from a mixed approach. Specifically, the procedure for collecting and processing information is characterized by the use of qualitative and quantitative resources, as well as the construction of a manageable corpus for subsequent qualitative analysis. The procedure to approach Twitter digital discourses consists of the following route: 1) virtual ethnography registration; 2) data collection through the Twitter API using Python; 3) visualisation and filtering of the data with Open Refine; 4) corpus construction; 5) categorisation and labelling of the iconic verb utterances with Atlas. ti. The paper reconstructs the methodological path carried out in ongoing doctoral research with a qualitative approach, from which the examples are extracted, to offer an accessible route that can be replicated in research with this type of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of discourse presentation in children's narratives has been limited to the analysis of direct and indirect speech (reported speech). Thus, other useful structures for narrating and presenting speech, thought, and writing have not been yet considered. This paper aims to account for the diversity in children's narratives, as well as demonstrate the applicability of a stylistic-literary analysis model of fictional narrative prose to the study of elicited narratives. We use an elicited corpus composed of twenty narratives in Spanish produced by young schoolchildren during a guided retelling task. The results show the stylistic diversity of this corpus and support the use of this model in the stylistic analysis of elicited narratives. This approach introduces a broader way of studying language development though the observation of style in narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the strategies of attenuation and intensification in requests and commands as exhortative speech acts in Pereira's speech. The study is synchronous (2021-2022) and qualitative. A corpus composed of 120 colloquial exhortative speech acts was formed, which were obtained by students of Technological University of Pereira through participant observation in environments both familiar and close to their social network or link network. The results indicate that in Pereira the attenuation in the commands and the requests is expressed through units that act as discursive markers, such as I say and you all will see, the use of narrations embedded between the nucleus and the mitigator of the speech act, and flattery, while the intensification is marked with exaggerations. In addition, it is evident that rhetorical questions can serve both to attenuate and intensify the illocutionary force of the exhortative act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During academic exchanges, students are in contact with the linguistic landscape (LL). In this paper, we aimed to characterize the linguistic attitudes of Spanish as SL or FL students towards the linguistic taboo (LT). For that, we collected samples of tabooed signs detected inside the restrooms of a university. The data was used in surveys of students who were in face-to-face or online language immersion. With the samples collected, we describe the tabooed LL with which those who carried out the face-to-face exchange were in contact. The results of the surveys made it possible to investigate the students' knowledge of tabooed expressions in Spanish and, in addition, to characterize their linguistic attitudes towards LT. We conclude that the students, although they show a predisposed linguistic attitude to deal with LT, lack the communicative competence that would allow them to be competent users in relation to taboo expressions. Thus, this type of experience justifies the need to include the LT as part of the contents of the Spanish as a SL or FL class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to model plural nominal concordance errors for a Spanish corpus of four learners of Spanish as a foreign language: SONIA (level A1/A2), NATI (level B1), JAKO (level B2), MIRKA (level C1). In the framework of dynamical systems, it is postulated that "correct" and "incorrect" concordances constitute stable discrete attractors to which the continuous flow of the system converges in three simple simulation models: Lokta-Volterra, coordination game (evolutionary games theory), gradient ascent. As a result, the models better approximate the global error pattern than the session pattern. In the latter, the model based on Lokta-Volterra offers better performance for SONIA, NATI and JAKO. MIRKA obtains the worst performance in all the models, but its error decreases with the gradient ascent model. It is concluded that learning patterns are self-organized and emerge from the dynamics of concordance microsystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The particle pues has received special attention from studies on conversational discourse markers since it has great polyfunctionality. This paper describes the pragmatic functions of the discursive marker pues found in the PRESEEA-Cali corpus and contrasts the results with other studies on pues in other varieties of speech in Colombia and other countries. We analyzed 2262 samples of pues from 36 sociolinguistic interviews. The results reveal that pues is a polyfunctional marker that is present in all types of discourse, that it has two main pragmatic functions, a total of 10 subfunctions, and of these, the most frequent are those of delaying the discourse, the commentator, and the continuative. Although the functions and subfunctions found had already been reported for pues in other Spanish-speaking communities, so the Caleño-speaking1 community does not seem to make particular use of this marker, a contrastive analysis with published results on the use of this marker in Medellín and Santiago de Chile shows similar patterns in terms of functions and frequencies with the first variety and differences with respect to the second. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine translation (MT) is used to obtain annotated corpus of English corpus which can be applicable to different natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Considering that there are more resources or data sets for training NLP models in English language, this paper explores the application of MT to automate NLP tasks in Spanish. Thus, the article describes a dataset for the extraction of generic relations (reACE) and the construction of a semantic extraction model of relations in Spanish (ER), based on the set of samples translated from English to Spanish. The results show that for the MT task it is necessary to implement a corpus pre-editing process in English to avoid translation and post-editing errors and maintain the original corpus annotations. The ER models in Spanish achieve measures of accuracy, completeness, and F-value comparable to those obtained by the model in the English language, which suggests that machine translation is a useful tool to perform NLP tasks in the Spanish language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization and internet communication have been integrated into all levels of social development, and media convergence has become an inevitable trend in the processing and dissemination of information. This paper studies the mechanism of innovation in the compilation and publication of dictionaries through the confluence and collaboration between the media, which include: (1) the new methods and trends of dictionary compilation, (2) the characteristics and approach of media convergence for lexicography, (3) the structure and function of dictionaries based on media convergence, (4) the innovation of lexicographic organizations. The research results show that media convergence offers a great opportunity for the digital transformations of dictionaries, hence the importance of adopting this approach to produce multimodal lexicographic texts that can be consulted and displayed through various media and digital terminals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents preliminary results in the discursive reconfiguration of the concepts of nation and citizen within the framework of a research study that explores social representations and identities based on the circulating discourses of the educational policy of bilingualism in Colombia. The postulates of the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) allow to undertake a conceptual and methodological approach from a corpus which incorporates sections from some editions of the Altablero newspaper and from documents related to the subject of bilingualism policy that have been published online by the Colombian Ministry of Education (MEN). The paper especially analyses textual fragments that promote a socio-cultural assimilation that is discursively represented in the conception of the bilingual nation as a legitimate aspiration and a cultural asset that requires bilingual citizens as a fundamental condition of belonging and acceptance both in the projected nation and in the global community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo surge de una exploración diagnóstica de tipo documental, que se configura como teórica, monográfica y descriptiva, y utiliza fuentes secundarias, esencialmente las designadas por la teoría lingüística semántica y por los estudios sociolingüísticos estadounidenses, hispanoamericanos y colombianos. Pretende dar cuenta de la manera como la competencia léxica del usuario debe resolver la resemantización dada en los verbos de la variedad de habla colombiana denominada parlache. Los fenómenos observados fueron, sobre todo, los distintos tipos de unidades léxicas en las que participan los verbos resemantizados y los procesos y estrategias implicados en su producción y comprensión. Se concluye que la competencia léxica, como capacidad para relacionar las formas con los significados, recurre a los referentes, a las asociaciones conceptuales y funcionales, a las relaciones semánticas, a la lexicogénesis, a las unidades fraseológicas, a los registros, y a los niveles de uso, así que apela a aspectos referenciales e inferenciales. This paper arises from a documentary-type diagnostic exploration, which is configured as theoretical, monographic and descriptive, and uses secondary sources, essentially those designated by semantic linguistic theory and by American, Latin American and Colombian sociolinguistic studies. Its objective is to inform about the way in which the users' lexical competence must resolve the resemantization given in the verbs of the variety of the Colombian speech called 'parlache'. The observed phenomena were, above all, the different types of lexical units in which the resemantized verbs participate and the processes and strategies involved in their production and understanding. It is concluded that lexical competence, as the ability to relate forms to meanings, resorts to referents, conceptual and functional associations, semantic relationships, lexicogenesis, phraseological units, registers, and levels of use, so it appeals to referential and inferential aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Texts published in journalistic media become guides in a world-wide topic. This paper focuses on the warlike conceptualization of COVID-19, based on analogies founded on disorder, decadence and invasion, which in their composition corroborate how the concepts on which these texts are built reflect a way of looking society, replicate it, and install it in the human body. Our reflection is grounded on selected metaphors from scientific journalism texts published on the internet between March and September 2020, which reformulate complex information to bring it closer to a broad and nonspecialized audience. We emphasize the possibilities offered by metaphorical representations to see one concept in terms of another and, at the same time, we draw attention to the repetitive use of warlike images in which ideas about battles, weapons, defenses, and attacks prevail, showing how the discourse of authority and control underlies and is installed in the metaphor that instills fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes and analyzes the institutional policies of a public university in relation to the cultural, social and linguistic needs of the indigenous students of this institution. It was based on a qualitive approach framed in the descriptive case study, which allowed the exploration of the case in its real context, through documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews as information gathering tools. It was a purposive sampling. Two indigenous students with government representation from the Cabildo Indígena Universitario participated. As a result, a significant gap was found between the linguistic policies of the institution regarding enrolling, graduation and return to the territory, and the cultural, social and linguistic conditions evidenced by the indigenous students themselves in their experiences and identity characteristics. It is concluded that a real socio-educational inclusion process is required, which incorporates planning, creation and implementation of institutional policies that take into account the needs and characteristics of the entire population since enrolling the college, specially those of indigenous students as a minority population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recurrent assumption in psycholinguistics is that certain universal principles of computational economy guide the structural decisions made during sentence processing. The first study conducted in Spanish on attachment decisions (Cuetos & Mitchell, 1988) questioned the existence of such principles by presenting evidence that Spanish speakers prefer to use an early closure or high attachment strategy to solve the interpretation of sentences with relative clauses with two potential antecedents. Since then, several studies have been conducted that provide contradictory evidence. In this paper, we present a comprehensive and critical review of the research on Spanish, examining the various methodologies used and the influence of different factors on syntactic processing. The implications of these findings for models of sentence processing are also discussed, and the possibility of considering universal principles is debated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two guidelines published in the context of COVID-19 pandemic are comparatively analyzed. The objective is to show the ways of the discursiveness regulation and the orientation of those recommendations on language, from a glotopolitical perspective. WHO-PAHO and the Colombian Government were in charge of these issues aimed at the sectors in charge of managing the health emergency. The analysis combines a lexicometric exploration of lexical associations and concordances with inductive inferential interpretive procedures. The results show that the change from the discourse of risk to the discourse of harm reorients the regulations on communication towards the discipline of public and private saying. It is concluded that the type of language used by public health institutions replaces the explanations and analysis required in these circumstances and unifies the points of view through a deeply political discourse that, however, does not seem to be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the sociolinguistic conditioning factors that motivate the expression of the pronominal subject in the Spanish spoken in the Colombian Caribbean. The sample consisted of recordings of 18 informants for each sociolinguistic corpus (Barranquilla, Cartagena and Valledupar), which make up the variety spoken in the Colombian Caribbean, collected based on the PRESEEA methodology. The cases were adapted to the coding guide for the expression variable of the pronominal subject of the PRESEEA. The quantitative analysis was carried out with the Rbrul program. The similarity observed in a preliminary contrastive study of the varieties and the exclusion of the subdialect predictor reveal the coherence of the dialect in terms of pronominal expression. The results show a high rate of pronominal expression (44.2%) for the analyzed variety, which includes it among the Caribbean ones. The multivariate analysis showed that nine linguistic and two social variables play a significant role in pronominal variation and confirm the strong and complex influence of linguistic factors, much more than social, on the variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the process of the research entitled "Spanish as a Foreign Language SFL Teaching through Colombian Festivals Language", which sought to promote its learning, from the perspective of strengthening of interculturality. It was circumscribed in the interpretive paradigm with a qualitative approach based on culture as inherent content of the process. It is a study with the help of a pilot test that involved the design of teaching units for C Level of CEFR that would stimulate it in other languages learners. It was sought to activate communicative and intercultural competence, so that non-native speakers of Spanish had access to the meanings that speakers from different Colombian regions give them. For which a theoretical framework on the relationship between language and culture was needed. As a result, this research has not only a pedagogical-didactic value, but also a sociocultural one, since it confirms that learning a language is inhabiting the culture that speaks it. It is concluded that SFL teaching through ordinary language is a viable and a productive strategy because it implies a genuine immersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze and interpret the morphological marks that refer to possession in the grammatical context of the name; likewise, demonstrate how a nominal possessive structure is built in this language. The analysis of the data collected in the field was done from the perspective of descriptive linguistics (Himmelmann, 1998; Chelliah & De Reuse, 2011), which includes the collection of first-source data, the detection of regular patterns that underlie the functioning of the grammatical aspects studied and their study based on categories and terminology that are widely disseminated in descriptive works. In Wayuunaiki, position marks are distinguished: the inalienable possession marks and the alienable possession marks. To the category of inalienable belong the names that refer to the parts of the human body, the terms of kinship, the parts of the body of animals, the parts of plants, some inanimate names that refer to things closely related to humans. Morphologically, Wayuunaiki treats inalienable and alienable names differently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]