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The text is a review of the book "Prolegomena to a Science of Antiquity" by David Hernández de la Fuente. The author highlights the importance of studying Antiquity and reflects on the different historiographical and ideological trends that have worked in this area. The book is structured into six chapters and addresses topics such as the study of Antiquity in history, the birth of the sciences of Antiquity, and the expansion and specialization of these disciplines in the 19th century. The author also emphasizes the importance of philology in the study of Antiquity. The text analyzes the origin and development of archaeology and the study of material culture, which dates back to the travels of antiquarians in search of objects in historical places. The influence of archaeological excavations in Pompeii and Herculaneum during the reign of Charles III of Spain is mentioned. The text also addresses the crisis of European thought at the end of the 19th century and the impact of Friedrich Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud on studies of Antiquity. The text also examines new forms of studying Antiquity in the 20th century and current perspectives for its study, including the feminist movement and Black Lives Matter. The importance of the classical legacy is highlighted, and the disappearance of philology in universities is criticized. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Preliminaries to a Science of Antiquity" is a review of the book written by David Hernández de la Fuente. The author highlights the importance of studying Antiquity and reflects on the different historiographic and ideological trends that have worked in this area. The book addresses topics such as the study of Antiquity in its beginnings, the birth of the Sciences of Antiquity, and the expansion and specialization of these disciplines in the 19th century. The importance of philology in the study of Antiquity and the difficulty of reconstructing the past due to separate copies of historical sources are also mentioned. The text analyzes the origin and development of archaeology and the study of material culture, as well as the influence of archaeological excavations in Pompeii and Herculaneum during the reign of Charles III of Spain. The crisis of European thought at the end of the 19th century and the importance of Friedrich Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud in studies on Antiquity are also addressed. The new forms of studying Antiquity in the 20th century and the influence of social movements such as feminism and Black Lives Matter on the understanding of Antiquity are mentioned. The importance of the classical legacy in Western society is highlighted, and the disappearance of philology in universities is criticized. [Extracted from the article]

The article summarizes María Engracia Muñoz-Santos' book on the spectacles in ancient Rome, focusing on the events that took place in the city of Rome. The author uses various sources to support her argument, including political, historical, epic texts, artistic and iconographic sources, as well as skeletal remains. The book examines different types of spectacles, such as gladiatorial battles, venationes, and damnationes, as well as chariot races in the circus. The origins of these events, the places where they took place, and the participants involved, including the editors, spectators, and other protagonists, are also mentioned. However, it is noted that the book does not provide enough information about the spectacles outside the city of Rome. [Extracted from the article]