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Montero J, Bravo M, López-Valverde A. Development of a specific indicator of the well-being of wearers of removable dentures. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 515-524. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract - Objectives: Bearers of removable prostheses have certain particular characteristics that require the inclusion of items able to detect the specific effect on their oral functions (derived from the presence of such prostheses). We aimed to develop and validate a specific indicator for the assessment of oral health-related quality of life in bearers of dentures. Methods: A panel of experts compiled a questionnaire addressing oral health-related quality of life (11 items) to assess the degree of well-being afforded by removable dentures. After a pilot trial in patients bearing prostheses ( n = 36), a consecutive sampling of denture wearers ( n = 123) was conducted among patients not requesting odontological treatment and accompanying persons, attending their respective health centres in the City of Granada and its metropolitan area. The subjects were classified as RPP1 (removable partial prosthesis on one of the arches, RPP2 (on both) and complete prosthesis (CP on both arches). Results: The questionnaire was consistent (Cronbach alpha 0.814) and proved to have suitable validity. Factor analysis revealed three factors termed physical, psychological and social well-being, which coherently supported the interrelationship among the 11 items. The prevalence of impact was significantly higher in the CP individuals (97.1%) and in that of the RPP2 group (92.1%) than in the RPP1 subjects (80.7%). Prosthetic fit, aesthetics and self-confidence were significantly discrepant among the prosthetic groups, although the total prosthetic quality of life score was not able to differentiate them. The main prosthetic impact in all the prosthesis-wearing groups was attributed to 'food impaction', although all the groups were essentially satisfied with their mouth. Conclusions: The prosthetic quality of life (PQL) questionnaire is a valid and reliable indicator of the specific well-being of partial or complete denture wearers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arrow P, Brennan D, Spencer AJ. Quality of life and psychosocial outcomes after fixed orthodontic treatment: a 17-year observational cohort study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 505-514. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract - Background: There is little evidence to suggest that orthodontic treatment can prevent or reduce the likelihood of dental caries or of periodontal disease or dental trauma and temporomandibular disorders, but there is a modest association between the presence of malocclusion/orthodontic treatment need and quality of life. However, little is known of the long-term outcomes of orthodontic treatment. This study reports on the longitudinal follow-up of quality of life and psychosocial outcomes of orthodontic treatment among a cohort of adults who were examined as adolescents in 1988/1989. Materials and Methods: Children who were examined in 1988/1989 were invited to a follow-up in 2005/2006. Respondents completed a questionnaire, which collected information on quality of life, receipt of orthodontic treatment and psychosocial factors, and were invited for a clinical examination. Oral health conditions including occlusal status using the Dental Aesthetic Index were recorded. Analysis of variance and multiple linear regression were used to examine the relationship between the measured factors. Results: There was no statistically significant association between occlusal status at adolescence and quality of life at adulthood. Those individuals who had orthodontic treatment but did not need orthodontic treatment had higher self-esteem (23.1, SD 5.2) and were more satisfied with life (18.5, SD 3.7) than other treatment groups (self-esteem range, 20.0-22.7; life satisfaction range, 16.4-18.1), anova P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively. Occlusal status at adulthood was significantly associated with quality of life, P < 0.01. Multivariate analyses showed a statistically significant association between occlusal status at adolescence ('Desirable treatment'β = 0.70, P = 0.04) and adulthood ('Desirable treatment'β = 1.66, P < 0.01) with quality of life. Orthodontic treatment was negatively associated with psychosocial factors (life satisfaction; fixed orthodontic treatment (FOT) β = −0.91, P = 0.02 and self-esteem; FOT β = −1.39, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Occlusal status appears to have limited association with quality of life and psychosocial factors. Receipt of fixed orthodontic treatment does not appear to be associated with oral health-related quality of life but appears to be negatively associated with self-esteem and satisfaction with life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aida J, Kuriyama S, Ohmori-Matsuda K, Hozawa A, Osaka K, Tsuji I. The association between neighborhood social capital and self-reported dentate status in elderly Japanese - The Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 239-249. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Little is known about the influence of social capital on dental health. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine the association between neighborhood social capital, individual social networks and social support and the number of remaining teeth in elderly Japanese. In December 2006, self-administered questionnaires were sent to 31 237 eligible community-dwelling individuals (response rate: 73.9%). Included in the analysis were 21 736 participants. Five neighborhood social capital variables were calculated from individual civic networks, sports and hobby networks, volunteer networks, friendship networks and social support variables. We used multilevel logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of having 20 or more teeth according to neighborhood social capital variables with adjustment for sex, age, individual social networks and social support, educational attainment, neighborhood educational level, dental health behavior, smoking status, history of diabetes and self-rated health. The average age of the participants was 74.9 (standard deviation; 6.6) years, and 28.5% of them had 20 or more teeth. In the univariate multilevel model, there were statistically significant associations between neighborhood sports and hobby networks, friendship networks and self-reported dentate status. In the multivariable multilevel model, compared with participants living in lowest friendship network neighborhoods, those living in highest friendship network neighborhoods had an OR 1.17 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.30) times higher for having 20 or more teeth. There is a significant association between one network aspect of neighborhood social capital and individual dentate status regardless of individual social networks and social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jung S-H, Watt RG, Sheiham A, Ryu J-I, Tsakos G. Exploring pathways for socio-economic inequalities in self-reported oral symptoms among Korean adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 221-229. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S This study aimed to assess socio-economic inequalities in self-reported oral symptoms in Korean adolescents and to assess the association of health behaviours, psychosocial factors and material factors on social gradients in oral symptoms. Cross-sectional data were from the national 2007 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). Self-reported oral symptoms included toothache, bad breath, and fractured teeth. Self-assessed socio-economic status (SES) was selected as a measure of SES. To assess socio-economic inequalities in oral symptoms, we used logistic regression models for toothache, bad breath and fractured teeth, and ordinal logistic regression models for the aggregate variable on oral symptoms. We used models adjusting for socio-demographic factors (Model 1) and compared them to models additionally adjusting for health behaviours (Model 2), psychosocial factors (Model 3) and material factors (Model 4). A total of 78 834 students were invited to participate, and the response rate was 94.8% ( n = 74 698). We found that lower self-assessed SES was significantly associated with higher prevalence of each of the three self-reported oral symptoms. Social gradient in the prevalence of each oral symptoms persisted when adjusted for behavioural, psychosocial and material factors. The odds ratio (OR) for the aggregate variable on oral symptoms in the lower SES group was 2.25 (95% CI 2.04, 2.49), and the respective figures after adjusting for behavioural, psychosocial and material factors were 2.17 (95% CI 1.96, 2.39), 1.90 (95% CI 1.73, 2.10) and 2.26 (95% CI 2.04, 2.50). While adjusting for psychosocial factors decreased the OR in the aggregate variable on oral symptoms for lower SES groups, adjusting for health behaviours and material factors hardly changed the OR. There were clear social gradients in three self-reported oral symptoms (toothache, bad breath and fractured teeth) in Korean adolescents. Psychosocial factors explained part of the social inequalities in oral symptoms. Future longitudinal research is required to better address the pathways that explain socio-economic inequalities in oral symptoms during adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jordan RA, Hetzel P, Franke M, Markovic L, Gaengler P, Zimmer S. Class III Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) in adults living in West Africa - outcomes after 48 months. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 164-170. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S This observational study assessed the effectiveness of class III restorations using the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach in permanent anterior teeth over a 48-month period. Dental auxiliaries placed a total of 117 class III ART restorations in 2004, using a cosmetically improved glass-ionomer (Ionofil Plus; VOCO, Cuxhafen, Germany), in 67 patients with a mean age of 27.3 years in the rural Jahali Health Center, The Gambia. Independent examiners evaluated the restorations after 24 and 48 months using the clinical ART evaluation criteria. Seventy-six of the restorations could be observed over 48 months in 51 patients. After 48 months, 53 of 76 restorations were classified as clinically acceptable (without or with minor intervention (repair) needed), and 23 restorations were classified as insufficient. There was no statistical difference in a clustered performance rating between restorations placed in central and lateral incisors ( P = 1.0). The adoption of the ART approach to class III caries cavities made restorative dental care in anterior teeth available in a West African region. The long-term performance was comparable to other studies. Longitudinal clinical studies with greater populations are required to substantiate these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abanto J, Carvalho TS, Mendes FM, Wanderley MT, Bönecker M, Raggio DP. Impact of oral diseases and disorders on oral health-related quality of life of preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 105-114. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S The presence of oral diseases and disorders can produce an impact on the quality of life of preschool children and their parents, affecting their oral health and well-being. However, socioeconomic factors could confound this association, but it has not been yet tested at this age. To assess the impact of early childhood caries (ECC), traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and malocclusions on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children between 2 and 5 years of age adjusted by socioeconomic factors. Parents of 260 children answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) (six domains) on their perception of the children's OHRQoL and socioeconomic conditions. Two calibrated dentists (κ > 0.8) examined the severity of ECC according to dmft index, and children were categorized into: 0 = caries free; 1-5 = low severity; ≥6 = high severity. TDI and malocclusions were examined according to Andreasen & Andreasen (1994) classification and for the presence or absence of three anterior malocclusion traits (AMT), respectively. OHRQoL was measured through ECOHIS domain and total scores, and poisson regression was used to associate the different factors with the outcome. In each domain and overall ECOHIS scores, the severity of ECC showed a negative impact on OHRQoL ( P < 0.001). TDI and AMT did not show a negative impact on OHRQoL nor in each domain ( P > 0.05). The increase in the child's age, higher household crowding, lower family income and mother working out of home were significantly associated with OHRQoL ( P < 0.05). The multivariate adjusted model showed that the high severity of ECC (RR = 3.81; 95% CI = 2.66, 5.46; P < 0.001) was associated with greater negative impact on OHRQoL, while high family income was a protective factor for OHRQoL (RR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.87, 0.99; P < 0.001). The severity of ECC and a lower family income had a negative impact on the OHRQoL of preschool children and their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study is presented which examined material and sociodemographic factors influencing oral health practices and experiences of six-year-old Pacific children in New Zealand. The study is based on a cohort of infants born at Middlemore Hospital in Auckland, interviews with their mothers, and an analysis of their ethnicity and level of acculturation. Other variables assessed by the researcher are educational background, duration of breastfeeding, frequency of toothbrushing and tooth brushing supervision.

Locker D, Quiñonez C. To what extent do oral disorders compromise the quality of life? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 3-11. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Most measures of 'oral health-related quality of life' assess the presence and frequency of functional and psychosocial impacts rather than explicitly documenting their impact on the quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate Prutkin and Feinstein's suggestion for addressing the issue of quality of life in health outcome research by the use of global ratings. Data were collected from a national sample of Canadian adults by means of a telephone interview survey based on random digit dialing. Participants completed the OHIP-14. Those reporting one or more impacts in the previous year were asked three questions concerning the extent to which these impacts bothered them, affected their life as a whole, and affected their quality of life. These items were scored on a scale ranging from 'Not at all' to 'A great deal'. All participants were asked to rate the quality of their life using a six-point scale ranging from 'Very poor' to 'Excellent'. Interviews were completed with 2027 participants, and 2019 were included in the analysis. Overall, 19.5% reported one or more impacts 'fairly often' or 'very often'. Of these, 48.3% reported being bothered by these impacts, 40.3% that their life overall was affected, and 36.0% that their quality of life was affected. These individuals represent 9.4%, 7.8%, and 6.9% of the sample as a whole. Among those reporting impacts, there was a significant association between OHIP-14 extent and severity scores and the three ratings. Those with impacts that bothered them, that affected their life overall or affected their quality of life, rated their overall quality of life less favorably than those with impacts that did not. Analysis by household income indicated that low-income participants were more likely to be OHIP-14 'cases'. Moreover, among the 'cases', low-income participants were more likely to report an impact on the quality of life. The addition of global ratings of oral health-related quality of life and quality of life provides information of use in understanding the negative consequences of oral disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferracane J, Hilton T, Korpak A, Gillette J, Speed McIntyre P, Berg J, Northwest PRECEDENT. Use of caries prevention services in the Northwest PRECEDENT dental network. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 69-78. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S This cross-sectional study assessed the use of caries preventive services by Northwest PRECEDENT dental network practitioners and compared the caries experience of patients who received such services in the past 12 months with those who had not. An oral health survey was conducted on approximately 20 patients seen by each of 97 private practice dental practitioners in the network. Eligible patients (total of 1877 aged 3-92) were randomly assessed for the occurrence of one or more new caries lesions as well as having received the following preventive services within the past 12 months: fluoride varnish or gel, sealant in molar or premolar, and prophylaxis. Patients were stratified by gender and age (1-17 years old, 18-64 years old, and 65+ years old). Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between the practitioner characteristics and the use of preventive services, as well as the preventive services and the presence of a new caries lesion in the past 12 months. The percent of patients in age category 1-17 years old/18-64 years old/65+ years old receiving each preventive treatment varied as follows: 95%/85%/81% for prophylaxis, 87%/24%/22% for fluoride, and 27%/2%/0% for sealant. There was a very limited association between the use of a specific preventive service and practitioner gender, and no significant association between use of services and practice location (rural, urban or suburban). There was a significant association between greater use of sealants for dentists with 0-15 years of practice experience as compared with those having more than 25 years of experience. For the 1-17 -year-old age group, boys had about 1.7 times the odds of having a new lesion than girls in the past 12 months, and patients receiving a sealant had 1.9 times the odds of having a new caries lesion. In the 18-64 -year-old group, receiving a prophylaxis in the past 12 months was significantly associated with lower odds for having a new lesion (odds ratio = 0.57). This study reports that aside from prophylaxis, which more than 85% of the patients had received, about one-third of the patients overall received preventive services consisting of either sealants or some type of fluoride treatment in private dental practices in the Northwest PRECEDENT network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study is presented which examined the impact of tooth loss on the perception of the usage of the mouth in patients who are attending Aleppo Faculty of Dentistry, University of Allepo in Syria. The study adopted a standardized visual analogue scales to ascertain the value each patients placed on oral health. Other variables assessed using statistical means are age groups and tooth type.

A study is presented which examined clinical indicators associated with the development of dental root caries in elderly patients who are enrolled in Family Medicine Unit Number 28 of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) in Mexico City, Mexico. The data collection, instrument for data collection, clinical indicators for oral health and statistical analysis of the study are included. The study shows that patients who developed root caries have limited basic daily life activities (BDLA).

Dorri M, Sheiham A, Watt R. The influence of peer social networks on toothbrushing behaviour in Iranian adolescents in Mashhad. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 498-506. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S This study aimed to assess the association between the quality and quantity of peer social networks and toothbrushing behaviours of Iranian adolescents in Mashhad. The second objective was to examine whether peer social networks go some way to explain the sex difference in toothbrushing behaviours in Iranian adolescents in Mashhad. A representative stratified random sample of 1132 sixth grade Iranian students in Mashhad, with an average age of 12.4 (SD = 0.8) years, answered a 37-item questionnaire. The questionnaire had items on sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex and parents' education level), education achievement (last year's final average mark), frequency of toothbrushing behaviours and peer social networks (number of close friends, frequency of meeting friends, club membership and quality of peer groups). Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to test the association between toothbrushing frequency and peer social networks. Adolescents who met their friends moderately often and had stronger ties with their friends were more likely to brush their teeth twice or more a day; P = 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively. Club membership and number of close friends were not associated with toothbrushing frequency. Girls were significantly more likely to brush their teeth twice or more a day. They had weaker peer social networks than boys ( P < 0.001). When adjusted for sex and father's education level, all peer social networks variables were significantly associated with toothbrushing frequency. However, the interaction between sex and peer social networks variables was not significant. Peer social networks are related to toothbrushing frequency among Iranian adolescents in Mashhad but do not explain the differences in toothbrushing frequency between sixth grade Iranian boys and girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]