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O presente trabalho descreve a utilização de sangue total em papel-filtro para avaliação dos níveis de anticorpos específicos contra o vírus da doença de Newcastle (NDV) através da técnica de inibição da hemaglutinação (HI). Coletaram-se e analisaram-se por HI amostras de sangue de noventa e oito galinhas, com um histórico conhecido de vacinação contra o NDV HI. O sangue foi impregnado em papel-filtro Wathman n° 1 com 3cm2 e também coletado em tubos para a obtenção de soro. Armazenaram-se os papéis à temperatura ambiente e procedeu-se a sua análise num período de até quarenta e cinco dias. A sensibilidade, a es¬pecificidade, o valor preditivo positivo e o valor preditivo negativo do HI mediante o uso de papel-filtro, comparado com o HI em que se utilizou soro, foram de 89%, 73%, 76% e 87 %, respectivamente. Detectaram-se um índice de pre¬cisão de 80% e um coeficiente de correlação r = 0,81%. O título médio geométrico de anticorpos foi 33,1% e 33,6 para eluídos de papel-filtro e os soros, respectivamente. A asso¬ciação entre os dois métodos foi altamente significativa (p< 0.001) quando analisada pelo teste de Fisher. Os resultados indicam o potencial da utilização do sangue em papel-filtro como uma alternativa ao soro para detecção de anticorpos contra o NDV. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Galinha, inibição da hemaglutinação, sorologia. The present study describes the evaluation of a filter paper blood sampling technique for assessment of the level of antibodies against the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Blood samples were collected from ninety eigth chickens with a known history of vaccination against NDV and analyzed by HI method. The blood was impregnated onto Whatman no. 1 filter paper with 3cm2 and also collected in tubes for obtaining serum. The papers were stored at room temperature and tested within fourty five days. The resulting sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the filter paper HI compared to serum HI was 89%, 73%, 76% and 87%, respectively. It was found index precision of the 80% and the correlation coefficient r = 0.81%. The overall average geometrical titer of antibodies was 33.1 and 33.6 in eluates and in sera, respectively. Association between the two methods was found to be highly significant (p < 0.001) when analyzed by Fishers test. The results indicate the potential use of filter paper blood sampling technique as an alternative to serum for detection of the antibodies against NDV. KEY-WORDS: Chicken, hemagglutination inhibition, serology.

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Copyright of Ciência Animal Brasileira is the property of Universidade Federal de Goias, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Animal Brasileira is the property of Universidade Federal de Goias, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Animal Brasileira is the property of Universidade Federal de Goias, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Animal Brasileira is the property of Universidade Federal de Goias, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Animal Brasileira is the property of Universidade Federal de Goias, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Animal Brasileira is the property of Universidade Federal de Goias, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Animal Brasileira is the property of Universidade Federal de Goias, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Animal Brasileira is the property of Universidade Federal de Goias, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Animal Brasileira is the property of Universidade Federal de Goias, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Animal Brasileira is the property of Universidade Federal de Goias, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Animal Brasileira is the property of Universidade Federal de Goias, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper describes the findings on endoparasites in Atlantic forest birds at Guaribas Biological Reserve, Paraíba State, Northeast of Brazil. We captured 151 birds with mist nets in ten field expeditions between July 2010 and June 2011 and studied bird endoparasites through blood and excreta samples. Blood samples were collected from 131 birds and excreta were collected from 48 birds. In blood smears, only Haemoproteus columbae was detected in three Columbiformes (2.29%) of the species Columbina talpacoti. Fecal samples were collected from 48 birds, and eggs of nematodes and oocysts of coccidian were detected in 6.25% of the samples: Spirurida (Nematoda) in Lanio cristatus (Thraupidae); Strongyloides sp. (Nematoda) in Momotus momota (Momotidae) and Isospora sp. (Protozoa, Eimeriidae) in Neopelma pallescens (Pipridae). There is limited information about the parasites of wild birds in the remaining fragments of Atlantic forest in Northeast of Brazil; however, such knowledge can help understanding these host-parasite interactions.Keywords:

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of the season of the year on testicular morphology, fresh and frozen/thawed semen quality from Pantaneiro bulls bred in Brasilia, DF. Six bulls were submitted, once a month for one year, to evaluation of testicular measurements, semen collection using an artificial vagina and cryopreserved with medium containing Tris-based, egg yolk and glycerol. The testicular length and volume were greater (P < 0.05) in June (11.1±0.8 cm; 652.7±138.0 cm3), July (11.0±0.9 cm; 616.4±156.2 cm3), and September (11.8±0.8 cm; 692.4±141.3 cm3) than October (9.4±1.2 cm; 498.5±154.3 cm3) and November (10.3±1.1 cm; 560.0±111.8 cm3). The sperm concentration was greater (P 0.05). In conclusion, Pantaneiro bulls, bred in the Midwest region of Brazil, can be used in natural mating programs in all seasons. Aiming to improve the Brazilian Animal Germplasm Bank with a higher number of samples collected, we suggest that the freezing of the semen is done between June and August, although there will be no losses of semen quality at any time. Keywords: bovine; conservation; cryopreservation; reproduction; seasonality.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect o f t he s eason o f t he y ear o n testicular morphology, fresh and frozen/thawed semen quality from Pantaneiro bulls bred in Brasilia, DF. Six bulls were submitted, once a month for one year, to evaluation of testicular measurements, semen collection using an artificial v agina a nd c ryopreserved w ith m edium c ontaining Tris-based, egg yolk and glycerol. The testicular length and volume were greater (P < 0.05) in June (11.1±0.8 cm; 652.7±138.0 cm3), July (11.0±0.9 cm; 616.4±156.2 cm3), and September (11.8±0.8 cm; 692.4±141.3 cm3) than October (9.4±1.2 cm; 498.5±154.3 cm3) and November (10.3±1.1 cm; 560.0±111.8 cm3). The sperm concentration was greater (P 0.05). In conclusion, Pantaneiro bulls, bred in the Midwest region of Brazil, can be used in natural mating programs in all seasons. Aiming to improve the Brazilian Animal Germplasm Bank with a higher number of samples collected, we suggest that the freezing of the semen is done between June and August, although there will be no losses of semen quality at any time.

Ultrasonography is an accurate pregnancy diagnostic method, besides being completely innocuous for female and fetuses evaluation. The objective of this paper was to determine the reference values for gestational echo biometry of different breeds of bitches. A total of 25 multiparous females were included in the experiment, five English Bulldog bitches, five Pugs and 15 Shih Tzu, weighing 4-25 kg and aged 4-6 years. The echo biometric assessments were performed during the 2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th weeks of pregnancy, including gestational vesicle diameter, femur length, placenta thickness, parietal diameter, liver, heart and abdominal diameter and area. Early echo biometric study started at the second week of gestation. Measurements like fetal heart and liver diameter and area are still poorly studied, but can provide useful information for early detection of congenital anomalies that may reduce the viability of pregnancy. The significant results (P < 0.001) obtained for biometrics (P < 0.001) of the parietal (r2 = 81%) and abdominal diameter (r2 = 86%), abdominal area (r2 = 80%), femur length (r2 = 84%), cardiac length (r2 = 79%), width (r2 = 79%), area (r2 = 82%) and volume (r2 = 72%) and liver area (r2 = 71%) in brachycephalic conceptus may help to assess the development of fetuses, complementing the conventional gestational ultrasound of bitches and become a model for the study in other breeds of dogs and alternative animal species.

The present paper aimed at evaluating the effect of adding beneficial micro-organisms to the litters on litter quality, performance and carcass yield for broilers. A total of 240 one-day chicks were used, and randomly distributed in blocks with four treatments and four replications. The following treatments were carried out in the housing: Treatment 1 – Control with weekly spraying of water on the litters; Treatment 2 – Litter treated with a mixture of inoculated and fermented meal by micro-organisms and weekly spraying of water; Treatment 3 – Litter treated by weekly spraying of micro-organisms; Treatment 4 – Litter treated with the same mixture of meals from treatment two and weekly spraying of micro-organisms. Performance was evaluated by the feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, viability and carcass, breast and leg yield. From litter samples, pH, dry matter, ashes and nitrogen were evaluated. No differences were found among the treatments. In the conditions the animals were raised, it can be concluded that the treatment on the litter does not affect performance, carcass yield and quality of the litter for broilers.

The aim of this paper was to evaluate microbiological characteristics of meat products produced under federal inspection by industries in the State of Paraná (Brazil), following Brazilian regulations. According to the type of meat product, quantification of nitrite and starch was also determined. All samples were collected at the plant and all analysis were carried out according to the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply´s recommendations. From 131 samples analyzed, five (3.82%) were contaminated by Salmonella sp. and three (2.3%) presented fecal coliforms. The other samples were legally acceptable. Frankfurters showed starch levels ranging from 1.71 % to 10.28%. In bologna, this variation ranged from 3.01 % to 16.5%. Residual nitrite levels in all products ranged from 3.7 mg/kg to 293.10 mg/kg. An amount of 23 samples (1 8.4%) had residual nitrite levels higher than legal limits, with a medium level of 395.91 mg/kg. The results found suggest that, although the analyzed samples present good sanitary quality, some producers need to be more carefully inspected, in order to attend Brazilian regulations for meat products.

The purpose of this paper was to describe the following reproductive parameters observed in mares of the Morgan breed: pregnancy rate (TP), foal rate (CP), average length of the gestation (DG), age at the first parturition (IPP), age (ID), interval from parturition to first service (IPPC) and interval from parturition to conception (IPC), foaling interval (IEP), number of cycles per conception (NC) andservices per conception (NS), embryo mortality rate (ME), abortion (A), month of the conception and parturition. Data was obtained from 42 mares in 1 4 years. Values obtained were: TP 71%; ME 6.2%; A 2.4%; DG 340.2 days; IPP 4.5 years; ID 7.6 years; IPPC 1 9.0 days;IPC 27.2 days; IEP 374.0 days; NC 1.2 and NS 3.0. The frequency of utilization of the foal heat was 76.1%. The distribution of mating and parturition, in the breeding season, was concentrated in the months of September to December (78.9 and 87.1%, respectively). These datamay be useful to genetic improvement of the breed as well as to indicate areas in which research must concentrate for a more profitable husbandry

This paper aimed to study the effect of tubular feeder height on performance, carcass traits and feed microbiological aspects of broilers from 28 to 42 days of age. Eight hundred and eighty female Ross broilers Ross were randomly allotted into 40 pens (replications) with 22 broilers each (11 birds/m2). Broilers were submited to two feeders height in two periods (28 to 35 days of age – high feeder (HF): superior edge 20cm height; low feeder (LF): superior edge 11cm height; 36 to 42 days of age – HF: superior edge 25cm height; LF: superior edge 11cm height). A completely randomized design was used and t test was utilized to compare the treatment averages. No significant differences for performance traits from 28 to 42 days of age were observed. Therefore, the recommendation for regulating feeder height to the birds’ back as in most of the poultry management guides does not seem to proceed. Birds fed in LF presented low percentage of intermuscular fat in the legs and high percentage of muscular tissue in leg quarters. Additionally, more wood shavings were found inside the feeders in LF than in HF at the end of trial, even though this variable did not influence negatively the microbiological quality of feed.

The failure of passive immunity transfer, which has been a major obstacle in the sheep industry, is an important cause of neonatal diseases and mortality. In search of an effective managementmeasure to solve this problem, the effects of the age and the monitoring of colostrum administration on the dynamics of the serum proteins were evaluated. Forty-four lambs were used and divided into two groups: monitored colostrums intake (MO), with 8 animals, and non-monitored colostrums intake (NM), with 36 animals, along with clinical evaluation, hemogram and total serum protein assessment and its electrophoretic fractioning, 24-72h after birth, at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of age. The MO group was followed in two additional times: before and six hours after colostrum intake. Total protein and gammaglobulin (g/dL) in the MO group presented the minimum values right after birth (3.62 ± 0.70 and 0.32 ± 0.12) and the maximum 24-72 hours after birth (7.98 ± 1.95 and 3.39 ± 1.13). Such concentrations also showed the same behavior in the NM group, with lower values (5.57 ± 1.45 and 1.80 ± 0.95), and with significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between groups. Between 15 to 30 days, the values of these variables decreased in both groups, and increased up to 90 days. In all experimental moments, the MO group showed higher values of gammaglobulin than NM group. The conclusions of this paper are that most of protein fractions, mainly total protein and gammaglobulin, undergo changes with the age development, and that the monitoring of colostrum intake increased significantly the levels of gammaglobulin.

The activity of the insecticide thiamethoxam on populationsof Musca domestica was assessed through in vitro tests, controlledenvironment and field conditions. The flies were gathered from a colony maintained by the Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, and from the landfill of the city of Seropédica-RJ, Brazil. Regarding the in vitro assay, thiamethoxan was previously diluted in acetone, resulting in concentrations of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27, 5 and 30 mg/ml. Then, filter paper discs were impregnated with 1 ml of each of these dilutions. Thus, the test was conducted with adult flies maintained in Petri dishes. For the controlled environment and field conditions, trial baits were used with the active or a placebo (control group). The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of thiamethoxam on M. domestica found in the in vitro assay was 0.2612 mg / cm ². The efficacy of thiamethoxan baits on the controlled environment and field conditionstrials was 94.06 % and 98.09 %, respectively.

Some infectious diseases are potentially capable of compromising the viability of an economically sustainable milk production. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between the seropositivity status of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in 240 comercial herds and culling rates. To quantify the effects of BVD virus (BVDV) infection on culling rates, the variables were included on multiple generalizaded linear models. According to the results of this study, seropositivity decreased culling rates in positive herds. Presence of antibodies due to natural infection had a protector effect against involuntary culling rates showing the herd immunity effect.

Research of antimicrobials use and resistance in food animals have been developed in various countries, although few studies include the bacteria prevalence in respiratory tract of companion animal. The aim of this paper was to verify antimicrobial resistance profile from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of health and sick dogs. Twenty animals were evaluated, 10 in the health group (group 1) and 10 in respiratory distress group (group 2). The bronchoalveolar lavage was performed through an endotracheal tube or guided by a rigid endoscope. Culture, identification and bacterial sensibility of the fluid were performed through agar diffusion method. The bacterial isolated were: Haemophilus aphrophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosas e Proteus mirabilis. Of all samples, 63% showed resistance to at least one class of antibiotics. Therefore antibiotic resistance is present in sick as well in health animals and ceftriaxone and amoxicilin associated with clavulanic acid are effective against respiratory tract bacteria.KEY WORDS: Antibiotic resistance, bacteria, respiratory distress. Nacional de Encuestas sobre el uso de antibióticos y la resistencia a los antibióticos en la producción animal se llevan a cabo en varios países, sin embargo pocos estudios que incluyen agentes bacterianos asociados con las vías respiratorias de los animales domésticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar el perfil de resistencia a los antimicrobianos en el líquido de lavado tracheobronchial sanos y enfermos perros. Hemos utilizado 20 animales, 10 clínicamente sanos (grupo 1) y 10 con trastorno respiratorio (grupo 2). La colecci��n de la tracheobronchial lavado se realizó con el tubo endotraqueal o guiado con la ayuda de un endoscopio rígido. Se han realizado el cultivo y la identificación bacteriana de las muestras y de pruebas de sensibilidad a los antibióticos por el método de difusión en agar. Las bacterias aisladas fueron: Haemophilus aphrophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosas y Proteus mirabilis. Entre las muestras analizadas, 63% mostraron resistencia a diversos antibióticos. Se concluyó que la resistencia a la acción de los antibióticos está presente tanto en animales sanos como los enfermos, y que la ceftriaxona asociada con amoxicilina clavulánico y son eficaces contra las bacterias en el tracto respiratorio de perros. Pesquisas sobre a utilização de antibióticos e a resistência aos antimicrobianos em animais de produção são realizadas em diversos países. No entanto, poucos estudos incluem os agentes bacterianos associados ao trato respiratório de animais de companhia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o perfil de resistência antimicrobiana no fluido do lavado traqueobrônquico de cães saudáveis e doentes. Utilizaram-se vinte animais, dez clinicamente saudáveis (Grupo 1) e dez com distúrbio respiratório (Grupo 2). A colheita do lavado traqueobrônquico foi realizada com tubo endotraqueal ou guiada com o auxílio de um endoscópio rígido. Efetuaram-se o cultivo e a identificação bacteriana das amostras e teste de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos pelo método de difusão em ágar. As bactérias isoladas foram: Haemophilus aphrophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosas e Proteus mirabilis. Dentre as amostras analisadas, 63% demonstraram resistência bacteriana a diferentes antimicrobianos. Conclui-se que resistência à ação dos antibióticos está presente tanto nos animais sadios quanto nos doentes e que a ceftriaxona e a amoxicilina associada com ácido clavulânico são efetivas contra as bactérias do trato respiratório de cães.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Bactérias, distúrbio respiratório, resistência antibiótica.

Numerous papers report hepatic alterations in ruminants fed with Brachiaria spp. The aim of this study was to verify whether the ingestion of Andropogon gayanus or Brachiaria (B. brizantha and B. decumbens) produces microscopic alterations in the liver of cattle. By histological examination was characterized the hepatic injury, and determined the amount and localization of foamy macrophages in the liver and mesenteric and scapular lymphonodes. Those changes were correlated with live weight gains of the animals. Forty bulls divided into two groups of twenty were grazing, from weaning to slaughter, in Brachiaria spp or A. gayanus pastures. In the slaughterhouse, fragments of liver and mesenteric and scapular lymphonodes were collected. Results showed, in both groups, macro and microvacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, mainly in the periacinar region. The animals fed on Brachiaria spp pastures revealed larger quantity of foamy macrophages in the hepatic parenchyma and mesenteric lymphonodes. There was a negative correlation between the number of foamy macrophages in the liver and in mesenteric lymphonodes with the live weight gain, regardless of the type of ingested grass. In the lymph nodes, the highest macrophage concentrations were in the cortical zone, followed by the paracortical zone. The mesenteric lymphonodes showed a higher amount of foam cells than the liver. KEY WORDS: Colangiohepatitis, foamy cells, saponins, sporidesmin, tropical grasses. Diversos trabalhos relatam a presença de alterações hepáticas em ruminantes alimentados com Brachiaria spp, em casos espontâneos e/ou induzidos de fotossensibilização hepatógena. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se o tipo de capim ingerido provoca alteração microscópica no fígado de bovinos. Foi caracterizada a lesão hepática, quantificados e localizados os macrófagos espumosos no fígado e linfonodos e as alterações correlacionadas com o peso dos animais. Avaliaram-se quarenta bovinos, distribuídos em dois grupos de vinte animais, mantidos, respectivamente, em pastagens de Brachiaria (B. brizantha e B. decumbens) e Andropogon gayanus. No frígorifico, foram colhidos de cada animal fragmentos de fígado e de linfonodos mesentérico e pré-escapular. Os animais alimentados com Brachiaria spp apresentaram maior número de macrófagos espumosos no fígado e no linfonodo mesentérico. Notou-se correlação negativa entre o número de macrófagos espumosos e o peso dos animais, nos dois grupos. A quantidade de macrófagos espumosos foi maior na zona periacinar, seguida da zona mediozonal, do ácino hepático. Nos linfonodos mesentéricos os maiores valores foram verificados na zona cortical seguida da paracortical. Os linfonodos mesentéricos apresentaram maior número de células espumosas do que o fígado. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Colângio-hepatite, esporidesmina, gramíneas tropicais, macrófagos espumosos, saponinas.

Nitrogen is an one principal among others, essential and responsible nutrient for forage productivity and pasture quality increasing. Besides that, this paper objective was to evaluate nitrogen doses and source effects on nutrient concentration in marandu palisadegrass. The experiment was carried out from July of 2003 to March of 2006 at the Modelo Farm of University Goiás State in an 882 m2 area. The pasture was established for more than ten years and it was presenting low herbage production being considered in moderate degradation phase. The treatment combination was made in a split-plot design with three replicates. Main plot, arrangements in a randomized complete block design was employed, were turned by a 2 x 4 factorial, being two sources of N (ammonium sulfate and urea) and four doses of N (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 yr-1). On each year, during the three years, three cuts evaluating are done at the forage plant. The rates of Nitrogen didn’t come to the maximum point to the concentrates of N, K, Mg, S, Cu and Fe. Increasing N rates promoted reduction in phosphorus absorption in plant tissue. Higher N:S relation were observed in plants which received urea as nitrogen source. The application of nitrogen, affected the nutritional status of signal grass and the recovery of this. The application of nitrogen, affected the nutritional status of signal grass and it recovering. KEY WORDS: Ammonium sulfate, Brachiaria brizantha, nutrient absorption, urea. O nitrogênio é um dos principais nutrientes responsáveis pelo aumento da produtividade e melhoria da qualidade da forragem. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses e fontes de nitrogênio na concentração de nutrientes do capim-marandu. O experimento foi desenvolvido de julho de 2003 a março de 2006, na Fazenda Modelo da Universidade Estadual de Goiás. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com três repetições. Utilizou-se o esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo duas fontes de nitrogênio (sulfato de amônio e ureia) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg ha-1 ano-1). Em cada um dos anos, procedeu-se a três cortes de avaliação da planta forrageira. As doses de nitrogênio não atingiram o ponto de máximo para as concentrações de N, K, Mg, S, Cu e Fe. O incremento na adubação nitrogenada reduz a absorção de P. O nitrogênio na fonte de ureia promove maior relação N:S. A aplicação de nitrogênio influencia o estado nutricional do capim-marandu e sua recuperação.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Absorção de nutrientes, Brachiaria brizantha, sulfato de amônio, ureia.

The aim of this paper was to describe the manifestation of developmental orthopedic diseases, particularly Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD), in Crioulo foals, considering the clinical sings, radiological study and the animal’s diet. Were evaluated three foals from Crioulo breed presenting volume increase in the knee, fore fetlock and hind fetlock joints. The foals were submitted to radiological examination of the affected joints, showing irregular images in the growing plates region and radiolucent areas in the distal portion of the radius e first phalanx, characterizing the presence of degenerative lesions of the articular cartilage. The bromatological study of the pastures was made demonstrating imbalances in the calcium-phosphorus relation, being this one of the mains factors involved in the development of OCD lesions. The diagnosis was perform based on the clinical e radiological changes, besides the animal’s diet, age group and practiced exercise.KEY WORDS: Crioulo, DOD, equine, osteochondritis dissecans, orthopedics. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a manifestação de distúrbios ortopédicos do desenvolvimento, particularmente a osteocondrite dissecante (OCD), em potros da raça Crioula, levando em consideração os sinais clínicos, estudo radiológico e a dieta dos animais. Avaliaram-se três potros da raça Crioula que apresentaram aumento de volume nas articulações radiocárpicas, metacarpofalangeanas e metatarsofalangeanas. Estes foram submetidos a exame radiológico das regiões afetadas, demonstrando áreas de irregularidade nas placas de crescimento e áreas radioluscentes na porção distal do rádio e primeira falange, caracterizando a presença de lesões degenerativas da cartilagem articular. Desenvolveu-se estudo bromatológico das pastagens, verificando-se desequilíbrios na relação cálcio–fósforo, sendo este um dos principais fatores envolvidos no desenvolvimento de lesões de OCD. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido com base nas alterações clínicas e radiológicas, além da dieta desses animais, a faixa etária e exercício praticado.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Crioulo, DOD, eqüino, osteocondrite dissecante, ortopedia.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as inter-relações genéticas dos escores visuais com as características de crescimento, por meio da estatística bayesiana, utilizando análises bicaracterísticas sob modelo animal linear-limiar, na obtenção de parâmetros genéticos. Estudaram-se as características categóricas morfológicas de musculosidade, estrutura física, conformação e sacro, aos 8, 15 e 22 meses de idade, em animais da raça Nelore, e também vacas adultas; e as características contínuas de crescimento, pesos aos 210, 365 e 450 dias de idade, além do peso adulto da vaca. Foram obtidas estimativas de correlações genéticas positivas de alta magnitude entre os escores visuais de musculosidade, estrutura física e conformação com as características de crescimento, indicando que a seleção de uma trará progresso genético à outra. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo também indicaram que a estrutura física e a conformação são determinadas, em grande parte, pelos mesmos conjuntos de genes que o peso. Da mesma forma, as características de escores visuais avaliadas em vacas adultas apresentaram altas correlações genéticas com o peso adulto da vaca. Para o sacro, as estimativas de correlações genéticas foram de baixa magnitude e negativas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Amostrador de gibbs, características morfológicas, pesos, zebu. The objective of this paper was to study the genetic correlations of the visual scores traits with the growth continuous traits, by applying bayesian statistic methodology, using two-trait analyses under linear-threshold animal models. The morphological categorical traits of musculature, physical structure, conformation and sacrum were studied in animals of the Nelore breed at the age of 8, 15 and 22 months, and also in adult cows; and the growth continuous traits, weights at the age of 210, 365 and 450 days old, as well as the adult weight of the cow. Estimates of genetic correlations between these visual scores (musculature, physical structure and conformation) with the growth traits were favorably positive, indicating that the selection of one of them will bring genetic progress to another. The results achieved in this study also indicated that the physical structure and the conformation are determined, to a large extent, by the same sets of genes as the weight. In the same way, the evaluated visual scores in adult cows presented high genetic correlations with the adult weight of the cow. As concerning the sacrum, the estimates of genetic correlations were low and negative. KEY WORDS: Gibbs sampler, morphological traits, weights, zebu cattle.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the helminth eggs presence in sewage sludge, previously treated in anerobic digestion process like anaerobic liquid fluid reactor. First of all were evaluated different kinds of materials to choose the best filter which permitted to filter the Taenia saginata eggs. The filter that showed better adaptation was the fine toilet paper one sheet. The helminth eggs were classified for their genera, according to their morphology. The Taenia sp, Trichuris, Dipylidium and Strongyloides were find only in one collect. The number of nematode eggs prevailed on the cestodes. The quantity of helminths eggs found was variable, indicatting complementary treatments process to the sewage sludge. It was concluded that the filter tested was efficient to Taenia sp eggs and to other helminth eggs present in sewage sludge. KEY WORDS: Biossolid, filter, Taenia sp. O presente trabalho avaliou a presença de ovos de helmintos em lodo de esgoto, previamente tratado em sistema de digestão anaeróbia do tipo reator anaeróbio de lodo fluidizado (RALF). Primeiramente testaram-se diferentes tipos de materiais para a escolha do filtro que possibilitasse a passagem de ovos de Taenia saginata. O filtro mais adequado foi o papel higiênico fino, folha única. Classificaram-se os ovos de helmintos por gênero, de acordo com sua morfologia. Encontraram-se ovos de Taenia sp, Trichuris, Dipylidium e Strongyloides em apenas uma das colheitas. O número de ovos de nematóides prevaleceu sobre os de cestóides. Houve variação na quantidade encontrada de ovos de helmintos, indicando a necessidade de o lodo de esgoto receber tratamentos complementares. Concluiu-se que o filtro avaliado foi eficaz tanto para ovos de Taenia sp quanto para outros ovos de helmintos existentes em lodo de esgoto. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Biossólido, filtro, Taenia sp

The subject of this paper is to test antimicrobials activities by medicinal plants extracts against more important contagious bovine mastitis pathogens. Disinfectants solutions was made from Baccharis trimera (Less) D.C., Compositae (Asteracea), Eucalyptus spp Labill., Myrtaceae e Tagetes minuta (Linn.), Compositae (Asteracea) plants by hidroalcoholic extraction (EHA) or decoction (DEC). S. aureus, S. agalactiae, and P. aeruginosa were used. To test for in vitro efficacy, each solution disinfectant was mixed with bacterial suspension containing 105 CFU.mL-1, by 30 seconds, two, 10 ant 30 minutes, with and without 20% of integral milk. Viable bacteria were evaluated by directed plating of neutralized aliquots. The worked included chlorhexidine 0,18% by control and it was executed in duplicate. EHA Eucalytpus spp and EHA T. minuta were as effective as control chlorhexidine against S. aureus. This solutions plus EHA B. trimera, were as effective as control against S. agalactiae. DEC Eucalyptus and DEC B. trimera also inactivated S. agalactiae in more prolongated time. Chlorhexidine was the best against P. multocida in milk absence, although the EHA were effective at ten or thirty minutes. All solutions, inclusive control, it was sensibility to organic load. The observations from the in vitro studies presented here need to be substantiated by in vivo studies by to confirm the potentiality use of plants medicinal extracts as disinfectants/antisepsis in livestock health. O presente trabalho busca avaliar a cinética da atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de plantas medicinais frente a bactérias relacionadas com mastite bovina. Para tal, foram produzidas soluções desinfetantes a partir de folhas e talos de Baccharis trimera (Less) D.C., Compositae (Asteraceae), Eucalyptus spp Labill., Myrtaceae e Tagetes minuta (Linn.), Compositae (Asteraceae), através de extração hidroalcoólica (EHA) e decocto (DEC). Os microrganismos utilizados foram S. aureus, S. agalactiae e P.aeruginosa. Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada permitindo o contato da solução desinfetante com uma suspensão bacteriana com a concentração de ao menos 105 UFC.mL-1 de cada, por intervalos de 30 segundos, 2, 10 e 30 minutos, com e sem matéria orgânica. Após, alíquotas foram semeadas em placas de ágar BHI e o número de colônias remanescentes foi contado. O trabalho foi realizado com um controle comercial, clorexidina a 0,18%, e sempre em duplicata. Encontrou-se que para S. aureus, os EHA de Eucalyptus spp e de T. minuta não diferiram do controle, para S. agalactiae além daquelas duas, EHA de B. trimera, não diferiu do controle, enquanto que DEC de Eucalyptus e o DEC de B. trimera também foram ativos frente à bactéria na ausência de matéria orgânica necessitando de maior tempo de contato. Para P. aeruginosa, na ausência de matéria orgânica, todas as soluções desinfetantes diferiram do controle, embora os três EHA tenham inativado a bactéria em 10 ou 30 minutos. Todas as soluções desinfetantes testadas, inclusive o controle, reduziram sua atividade antibacteriana na presença de matéria orgânica. Conclui-se que extratos de plantas medicinais apresentam potencial para serem utilizados em situações problema em que as bactérias aqui avaliadas estejam envolvidas.

this paper presents a complete system for tempe-rature monitoring. the system was developed to speed up bovine behavior studies under temperature exposure. the equipment uses digital technology with custom setup ca-pability by means of computer program and the sensor can be implanted in to animal. results obtained show that the developed system is able to monitor bovine temperatures with a sample rate of five minutes during 30 days with accuracy of 0.0625 oc.KEY-WORDS: Heat stress sensors, optical, temperature, transceptor. um sistema completo de instrumentação para monitoração de temperatura é apresentado neste artigo. o sistema foi desenvolvido para auxiliar estudo de estresse térmico em bovinos. neste equipamento, o elemento sensor pode ser implantado no animal. o equipamento consiste de tecnologia digital e óptica com capacidade de configuração através de programa de computador. os resultados obtidos mostram que o sistema desenvolvido é capaz de monitorar a temperatura de bovinos a cada cinco minutos durante trinta dias com resolução de 0.0625 oc.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: estresse térmico sensores, óptico, temperatura, transceptor.

The bovine tripanosomiasis by Trypanosoma vivax was reported for the first time in Brazil by Shaw & Lainson, in 1972, in Pará. Recently it has been reported in several areas of the Pantanal Mato-Grossense Region. The objective of the present paper was to report, for the first time, the occurrence of T. vivax in the State of Tocantins, in a Brahman herd of 250 animals, which had been introduced into a property in the municipality of Formoso do Araguaia, coming from São Paulo. From animals presenting signs of weakness, 9 was randomly chosen for detailed clinical assessment and laboratory exams such as blood smears and hematocrit. These animals presented weigh loss, edema, fever and mucous membrane paleness. The microscopic smear examination revealed high parasitemias for T. vivax in samples of three animals, with the packet cell volumes ranging between 15 and 20%. The herd history, the ecosystem of the area and the results of the clinical and laboratory exams confirmed the occurrence of an outbreak of trypanosomiasis by T. vivax in a bovine herd in the State of Tocantins. KEY WORDS: Trypanosoma vivax, bovine trypanosomiasis, Tocantins, epidemiology. A tripanossomíase bovina por Trypanosoma vivax foi registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil por SHAW & LAINSON, em 1972, no Pará. Recentemente, tem sido reportada em várias regiões do Pantanal Mato-Grossense. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência de T. vivax no Estado do Tocantins, em um rebanho composto de 250 animais da raça Brahman, recém-introduzido em uma propriedade no município de Formoso do Araguaia, procedente de São Paulo. Esc olheram- se ao acaso nove animais que apresentavam sinais de debilidade para a execução de exames clínicos detalhados e colheita de sangue para preparo de esfregaços sangüíneos e determinação do hematócrito. Entre os animais examinados observaram-see emagrecimento, edema de barbela, febre e palidez de mucosa. O exame microscópico revelou parasitemias elevadas por T. vivax em amostras de três animais, cujos hematócritos apresentavam valores entre 15% e 20%. O histórico do rebanho, o ecossistema da região e os resultados dos exames clínicos e laboratoriais confirmaram a ocorrência de um surto de tripanossomíase por T. vivax em um rebanho no Estado do Tocantins. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Epidemiologia, Trypanosoma vivax, Tocantins, tripanossomíase bovina.