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Utilizing a novel approach known as aptamer-assisted phage display (APD), we identified an anti-PD-L1 peptide, NV Pep, capable of simultaneous binding to PD-L1 alongside the DNA aptamer MJ5C. Combined inhibition using NV Pep and MJ5C demonstrated significant enhancement compared to individual ligands against the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A split intein-based method has been developed to detect peptide:N-glycanase (PNGase) activity in live cells. PNGase cleaves the linkage between N,N′-diacetylchitobiose and the Asn side-chain of N-intein peptides and the products react rapidly with C-intein by protein trans-splicing to generate an active luciferase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although halogen atoms can greatly improve the stability, selectivity, and bioactivity of proteins, direct halogenation of proteins or peptides by chemical strategy has been never achieved. Herein, we describe the developments of direct photochemical bromination and iodization of unprotected proteins and peptides in the direct irradiation device and the single-pulsed irradiation capillary reactor with biocompatible aqueous halides Br− and I−, respectively. These novel photochemical modifications are triggered by 193 nm laser photoexcitation of commonly photo-inert halide ions to form active radical species. High protein modification efficiency (>90%) can be achieved under just 10 ns ultra-short irradiation of a single pulse of laser shot while the compact native protein structure could be largely retained. The specifically modified residues are Tyr, His, Trp for bromination and Tyr, His for iodization. The photochemical halogenation sites and rates are highly selective to protein native structures, providing dynamic insights into protein structure alterations and protein–drug interfaces in human serum protein (HSA)–warfarin interaction. This novel 193 nm photochemical strategy opens new opportunities for the protein structure–function explorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 12-mer peptide with an affinity for the meso diad sequence of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) was identified through affinity-based peptide screening. A model protein (i.e., human serum albumin (HSA)) chemically modified with the peptide was successfully precipitated with PNIPAM above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel strategy to stabilize the α-helical secondary structures of peptides upon binding to gold nanoparticles is described. Using a model protein–protein interaction system, we showed that AuNPs decorated with stabilized p53 α-helix peptides can mediate specific molecular recognition with their target protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A label free fluorescence method for rapid detection of the presence of phosphorylated peptides/proteins in sample solutions using functional magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as the detection probes is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homo- and heterochiral tetrameric γ-peptide derivatives in which the backbone is constrained by a five-membered ring populate a bend-ribbon conformation in solution stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]