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Background: Breast angiosarcomas are rare tumours of vascular origin. Secondary angiosarcoma occurs following radiotherapy for breast cancer. Angiosarcomas have high recurrence and poor survival rates. This is concerning owing to the increasing use of adjuvant radiotherapy for the treatment of invasive breast cancer and ductal cancer in situ (DCIS), which could explain the rising incidence of angiosarcoma. Outcome data are limited and provide a poor evidence base for treatment. This paper presents a national, trainee-led, retrospective, multicentre study of a large angiosarcoma cohort. Methods: Data for patients with a diagnosis of breast/chest wall angiosarcoma between 2000 and 2015 were collected retrospectively from 15 centres. Results: The cohort included 183 patients with 34 primary and 149 secondary angiosarcomas. Median latency from breast cancer to secondary angiosarcoma was 6 years. Only 78.9 per cent of patients were discussed at a sarcoma multidisciplinary team meeting. Rates of recurrence were high with 14 of 28 (50 per cent) recurrences in patients with primary and 80 of 124 (64.5 per cent) in those with secondary angiosarcoma at 5 years. Many patients had multiple recurrences: total of 94 recurrences in 162 patients (58.0 per cent). Median survival was 5 (range 0-16) years for patients with primary and 5 (0-15) years for those with secondary angiosarcoma. Development of secondary angiosarcoma had a negative impact on predicted breast cancer survival, with a median 10-year PREDICT prognostic rate of 69.6 per cent, compared with 54.0 per cent in the observed cohort. Conclusion: A detrimental impact of secondary angiosarcoma on breast cancer survival has been demonstrated. Although not statistically significant, almost all excess deaths were attributable to angiosarcoma. The increased use of adjuvant radiotherapy to treat low-risk breast cancer and DCIS is a cause for concern and warrants further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Intraperitoneal cancer cells are detectable at the time of colorectal cancer resection in some patients. The significance of this, particularly in patients with no other adverse prognostic features, is poorly defined. Consequently peritoneal lavage is not part of routine practice during colorectal cancer resection, in contrast with other abdominal malignancies. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effect of positive intraoperative peritoneal cytology on cancer-specific outcomes in colorectal cancer. Methods A systematic review of key electronic journal databases was undertaken using the search terms 'peritoneal cytology' and 'colorectal' from 1980 to 2012. Studies including patients with frank peritoneal metastasis were excluded. Meta-analysis for overall survival, local/peritoneal recurrence and overall recurrence was performed. Results Twelve cohort studies (2580 patients) met the inclusion criteria. The weighted mean yield was 11·6 (range 2·2-41) per cent. Yield rates were dependent on timing of sampling (before resection, 11·8 per cent; after resection, 13·2 per cent) and detection methods used (cytopathology, 8·4 per cent; immunocytochemistry, 28·3 per cent; polymerase chain reaction, 14·5 per cent). Meta-analysis showed that positive peritoneal lavage predicted worse overall survival (odds ratio ( OR) 4·26, 95 per cent confidence interval 2·86 to 6·36; P < 0·001), local/peritoneal recurrence ( OR 6·57, 2·30 to 18·79; P < 0·001) and overall recurrence ( OR 4·02, 2·24 to 7·22; P < 0·001). Conclusion Evidence of intraoperative peritoneal tumour cells at colorectal cancer resection is predictive of adverse cancer outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Participants were patients with invasive breast cancer undergoing primary surgery. The aim was to test whether a single dose of amoxicillin–clavulanic acid would reduce wound infection at 30 days postoperatively, and to identify risk factors for infection. Methods: Participants were randomised to either a single bolus of 1.2 g intravenous amoxicillin–clavulanic acid after the induction of anaesthesia (intervention) or no antibiotic (control). The primary outcome was the incidence of wound infection at 30 days postoperatively. Results: There were 871 evaluable patients. Of these, 438 received prophylactic antibiotic and 433 served as controls. Seventy-one (16.2 per cent) patients in the intervention group developed a wound infection by 30 days, while there were 83 (19.2 per cent) infections in the control group. This was not statistically significant (odds ratio (OR) 0.82, 95 per cent c.i. 0.58 to 1.15; P=0.250). The risk of infection increased for every 5 kg/m2 of BMI (OR 1.29, 95 per cent c.i. 1.10 to 1.52; P=0.003). Patients who were preoperative carriers of Staphylococcus aureus had an increased risk of postoperative wound infection; however, there was no benefit of preoperative antibiotics for patients with either a high BMI or who were carriers of S. aureus. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant or clinically meaningful reduction in wound infection at 30 days following breast cancer surgery in patients who received a single dose of amoxicillin–clavulanic acid preoperatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies non-sentinel node metastases associated with micrometastatic sentinel nodes (SN) in breast cancer. Average size of non-SN metastases; Comparison between the analysis of axillary dissection and omission of axillary clearance; Risk level of non-SN metastasis with low-volume metastasis in the SN.

Background: Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) aims to overcome some of the technical challenges faced when operating on mid and low rectal cancers. Specimen quality has been confirmed previously, but recent concerns have been raised about oncological safety. This multicentre prospective study aimed to evaluate the safety of taTME among early adopters in Australia and New Zealand. Methods: Data from all consecutive patients who had taTME for rectal cancer from July 2014 to February 2020 at six tertiary referral centres in Australasia were recorded and analysed. Results: A total of 308 patients of median age of 64 years underwent taTME. Some 75.6 per cent of patients were men, and the median BMI was 26.8 kg/m². The median distance of tumour from anal verge was 7 cm. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was administered to 57.8 per cent of patients. The anastomotic leak rate was 8.1 per cent and there was no mortality within 30 days of surgery. Pathological examination found a complete mesorectum in 295 patients (95.8 per cent), a near-complete mesorectum in seven patients (2.3 per cent), and an incomplete mesorectum in six patients (1.9 per cent). The circumferential resection margin and distal resection margin was involved in nine patients (2.9 per cent), and two patients (0.6 per cent) respectively. Over a median follow-up of 22 months, the local recurrence rate was 1.9 per cent and median time to local recurrence was 30.5 months. Conclusion: This study showed that, with appropriate training and supervision, skilled minimally invasive rectal cancer surgeons can perform taTME with similar pathological and oncological results to open and laparoscopic surgery. !! [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Percutaneous ablation is a common treatment for colorectal liver metastasis ( CLM). However, the effect of rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue ( RAS) mutation on outcome after ablation of CLMs is unclear. Methods Patients who underwent image-guided percutaneous ablation of CLMs from 2004 to 2015 and had known RAS mutation status were analysed. Patients were evaluated for local tumour progression as observed on imaging of CLMs treated with ablation. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with local tumour progression-free survival. Results The study included 92 patients who underwent ablation of 137 CLMs. Thirty-six patients (39 per cent) had mutant RAS. Rates of local tumour progression were 14 per cent (8 of 56) for patients with wild-type RAS and 39 per cent (14 of 36) for patients with mutant RAS ( P = 0·007). The actuarial 3-year local tumour progression-free survival rate after percutaneous ablation was worse in patients with mutant RAS than in those with wild-type RAS (35 versus 71 per cent respectively; P = 0·001). In multivariable analysis, negative predictors of local tumour progression-free survival were a minimum ablation margin of less than 5 mm (hazard ratio ( HR) 2·48, 95 per cent c.i. 1·31 to 4·72; P = 0·006) and mutant RAS ( HR 3·01, 1·60 to 5·77; P = 0·001). Conclusion Mutant RAS is associated with an earlier and higher rate of local tumour progression in patients undergoing ablation of CLMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study of extended right hemihepatectomy for gallbladder carcinoma associated with hepatic hilum. Procedure included gathering records of patients who underwent such type of hemihepatectomy. Results revealed the presence of gallbladder carcinoma and hepatic metastases originating from the cystic duct, which indicated poor prognosis.

The article discusses a study on the extent of lymph node (LN) dissection in gastric cancer by analyzing patterns of LN metastasis. The patterns were analyzed using topographical data on nodal status gathered from the Seoul National University Hospital in Korea. The depth of tumour invasion in patients was considered in order to evaluate the metastasis rate for the LN stations.

The article discusses research on the reliability of combining colorectal resection with a limited hepatectomy in patients with synchronous colorectal metastases (CLMs). It compares simultaneous colorectal and hepatic resection with a delayed strategy in patients who had a limited hepatectomy between 1990 and 2006. It stresses that the study is restrospective in nature. It concludes that the combined strategy is safe but it has negative impact on progression-free survival.

The article discusses research on the role of mucins and cluster differentiation (CD) 56 as biochemical markers vascular and perineural cancer invasion in patients with periampullary cancer. It mentions that immunohistochemistry and gene expression were used in the realization of the research. It concludes that mucins and CD56 may be markers of prognosis in patients with periampullary cancer.

The article presents the study on 90yttrium (Y) microspheres radioembolization for neuroendocrine tumour liver metastases (NETLMs). It mentions that prospectively collected database from December 2003 to December 2008 were used to identify patients who are treated with radioembolization with Y microspheres. It adds that the radiographic response was achieved by Y microsphere radioembolization from NETLMs patients and says that 58 patients are also included in the analysis.

The article focuses on a study evaluating the long-term survival of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM) who underwent hepatectomy after portal vein embolization (PVE). Study shows that PVE increased the resectability rate of patients who underwent initially unresectable CLM. It notes that the long-term survival was better in those who had resection than in those who did not. It added that PVE is more important in ther multimodal treatment of advanced CLM.

The article presents a retrospective study to determine the efficacy of complete (RO) resection for pulmonary metastases of colorectal cancer and identify prognostic factors for survival. It includes 113 patients who underwent RO resection of pulmonary metastases with a review on its pathological factors and identification of prognostic factors influencing survival. It shows that patients who underwent RO resection of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer could expect long-term survival.

The article presents a study on the clinical validity of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma concept. The study had 250 perihilar cholangiocarcinoma patients, grouped into 167 extrahepatic (EHC) and 83 intrahepatic (IHC) and whose clinicopathological data were compared. Study results show that invasion including liver and nodal metastasis are common to IHCs than EHCs. Both have similar histological grade, preneural invasion incidence and survival rate. Thus, the said concept in EHCs and IHCs is valid.

The article focuses on the findings of a study concerning the risk of tumour progression in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation. It mentions that the cumulative probability of tumour progression beyond the criteria and factors associated with tumour progression were failure to achieve primary technique effectiveness. Moreover, the study provides clinicians with an objective risk of tumour progression beyond the Milan criteria.

The article presents a study which investigates the occurrence of central lymph node (CLN) metastases in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). It discusses the methodology of the study as well as notes the prognostic factors which were considered in comparing node-free neck and PTMC patients. Moreover, the study revealed that CLN metastases are common in PTMC.

The article presents a clinical research related to dangerous halo after neoadjuvent chemotherapy and two-step hepatectomey for colorectal liver metastases. It states that the study aims to describe the clinical and histological outcomes of patients having neoadjuvant chemotherapy and two-step hepatectomy. It also mentions that the researchers conducted a series of 23 consecutive patients treated with curative intent according to a standardized multidisciplinary management protocol.

The article presents a review of the research related to discover the lymph node metastases in oesophageal cancer in the U.S. The lack of standardization of teminology and methods in the field of lymph node metastases in oesophageal cancer is a serious problem. Thus, to limit the gap between the ideal and the practical in surgical pathology practice, the emphasis is on standardization and role of practice guidelines to reach uniformity in methodology and reporting for cancer specimens.

The article offers information on treatment methodology after non curative endoscopoc resection of early gastric cancer who have a negligible risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). It is revealed that despite of possible risk of LNM, surgery remains the most efficient treatment after non-curative ER in patients.

The article presents a study which evaluates the recurrence rates of a malignant melanoma to identify the follow-up schedules necessary after the treatment of the disease. It states that data were collected from patients of Sydney Melanoma Unit database with a single primary cutaneous melanoma and patients from American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) with stage I-II disease who were diagnosed between 1959 and 2002. Discussions of the findings and conclusion of the study are offered.

The article highlights the results of a study on the patient factors influencing conversion from laparoscopically assisted to open surgery for colorectal cancer. The study has shown that extent of tumour spread from the muscularisis propria is predictive of conversion, conforming that patients who have a conversion frequently have more advanced disease.

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the risk of invasion and axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed by preoperative cure-needle biopsy. The data were used to select criteria for patients in whom sentinel node (SN) biopsy might be indicated. Methods: One hundred and seventy-one women with 172 DCIS lesions diagnosed by core-needle biopsy were analysed. Axillary staging was performed by SN biopsy, axillary node sampling, or level 1-2 axillary lymph node dissection. Results: Invasive breast cancer was found in the surgical specimens from 45 tumours (26.2 per cent). Risk factors for invasion were a palpable lesion (odds ratio (OR) 2.95 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.20 to 7.26); P = 0.019), presence of a mass on mammography (OR 3.06 (1.43 to 6.56); P = 0.004), and intermediate (OR 5.81 (1.18 to 28.57); P = 0.030) or poorly differentiated (OR 5.46 (1.17 to 25.64); P = 0.031) tumour grade. Lymph node metastases were found in ten women with DCIS and invasion on final pathology. Factors associated with metastases were age 55 years or less (P = 0.030), invasion of 1.0 cm or more (P < 0.001) and the presence of vascular invasion (P = 0.001). Conclusion: SN biopsy should be considered in women with an initial diagnosis of DCIS on core-needle biopsy who are at risk for invasion; this includes women with a palpable lump, a mass on mammography, and intermediate or poor tumour grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extended lymphadenectomy (D2) provides accurate nodal staging of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify the degree of stage migration seen with D2 combined with para-aortic lymph node dissection for gastric cancer invading the subserosa, the serosa and adjacent structures (T2ss-4) in patients considered not to have distant metastases (M0). Methods: Between July 1995 and April 2001, 523 patients were recruited and randomized in a prospective phase III trial comparing D2 with D2 and para-aortic nodal dissection for T2ss-4 gastric cancer without macroscopic para-aortic nodal metastases. Stage migration was evaluated by Japanese Gastric Cancer Association staging in 260 patients who underwent D2 with para-aortic dissection by analysing pathological information from the dissected lymph nodes. Results: Node (N)-stage migration was observed in 1 per cent (1 of 82) of patients with N1 disease, 20 per cent (12 of 59) with N2, 43 per cent (10 of 23) with N3 and 8·8 per cent (23 of 260) of all patients. Final stage migration occurred in 9 per cent (5 of 58) of patients with stage IIIa, 19 per cent (8 of 42) with stage IIIb, 56 per cent (9 of 16) with stage IVa and 8·5 per cent (22 of 260) of all patients. Metastasis to N4 nodes was found in 4 per cent (four of 95) of tumours invading the subserosa and 17·4 per cent (19 of 109) of tumours penetrating the serosa. The overall incidence of N4 involvement was 8·8 per cent (23 of 260). Conclusion: Extended para-aortic lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer provides accurate nodal staging and results in stage migration, which may improve stage-specific survival regardless of overall survival benefit. Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a relatively uncommon tumour, with a high risk of recurrence and metastasis. The factors associated with recurrence and metastatic disease were studied. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 173 children with SCT treated between January 1970 and February 2003 at the paediatric surgical centres in the Netherlands. Risk factors were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Eight children died shortly after birth or around the time of operation. Nine children, all over 18 months old, had metastases at presentation. Four teratomas with metastasis showed mature histology of the primary tumour. Nineteen children had recurrence of SCT a median interval of 10 months (range 32 days to 35 months) after primary surgery. Risk factors for recurrence were pathologically confirmed incomplete resection (odds ratio (OR) 6·54 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 2·11 to 20·31)), immature histology (OR 5·74 (95 per cent c.i. 1·49 to 22·05)) and malignant histology (OR 12·83 (95 per cent c.i. 3·27 to 50·43)). Size, Altman classification, age and decade of diagnosis were not risk factors for recurrence. One-third of the recurrences showed a shift towards histological immaturity or malignancy, compared with the primary tumour. Seven patients died after recurrence, five with malignant disease. Conclusion: This national study showed that SCT recurred in 11 per cent of the children within 3 years of operation. Risk factors were immature and malignant histology, or incomplete resection. Mature teratoma has the biological capability to become malignant. Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and patterns of failure following potentially curative surgery of colonic cancer. Methods: Data were obtained from the cancer registry of the Côte-d'Or (France). Data on 2657 patients who had resection for cure of colonic cancer between 1976 and 2000 were analysed. Local and distant failure rates were calculated using the actuarial method and multivariable analysis was performed using a Cox model. Results: The 5-year cumulative rate was 12.8 per cent for local recurrence and 25.6 per cent for distant metastases. Five-year cumulative local recurrence rates were 4.9 per cent for stage I, 11.0 per cent for stage II and 23.5 percent for stage II tumours (P < 0.001). The corresponding rates for distant metastases were 6.4, 21.4 and 48.0 per cent (P < 0.001). The 5-year cumulative rates for distant metastases were 31.7 per cent for the period 1976-1980 and 21.1 per cent for 1996-2000, and the local recurrence rates were 17.6 and 9.0 per cent respectively. The decreases in rates of local recurrence and distant metastases were significant in multivariable analysis. Cancer extension and presenting features were related to patterns of failure. Tumour location was significantly associated with risk of local recurrence, whereas age and gross features were associated with risk of distant metastasis. Conclusion: Recurrence following resection of colonic cancer remains a substantial problem. Follow-up is of particular importance in the 3 years after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the effectiveness of selective intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy and concomitant unilateral portal vein ligation in tumor downstaging for patients with irresectable colorectal liver metastases. The researchers found that combining the two procedures developed significant atrophy of ipsilateral hemiliver along with contralateral hypertrophy. They indicated that tumor growth did not increase in regenerating hemiliver.

Discusses the clinical significance of Ki-67 proliferation index in disease progression and prognosis of patients with resected colorectal carcinoma. Evaluation of proliferation markers; Prediction of long-term survival; Association of cell proliferation with tumor progression.

Assesses the early and long-term outcomes and hepatic functions in patients who underwent extensive liver resection beyond right trisectionectomy. Number of patients who had in contiguity (IC) and non-anatomical (NA) resections; Finding that extension of right trisectionectomy for liver metastases was associated with a low risk of death and hepatic failure.

Reports on the therapeutic strategy for signet ring cell (SRC) carcinoma of the stomach. Effect of age, histological type, and number and anatomical extent of lymph node metastases on prognosis in patients with early gastric cancer; Rate of survival of patients with SRC compared to those with non-SRC; Diameters of mucosal tumors and submucosal lesions.

Focuses on the management of in-transit metastases from cutaneous malignant melanoma. Prognosis of in-transit metastases; Recommendation for the creation of a treatment tailored to the extent of cutaneous disease; Importance of carbon dioxide laser therapy.

Background: Preoperative assessment of the likelihood of malignancy in intraductal papillary-mucinous tumour (IPMT) of the pancreas is often difficult. Predictive factors for malignancy and invasive carcinoma in IPMT were analysed. Methods: Sixty-two patients with IPMT underwent surgical treatment, with histological confirmation of adenoma in 28, carcinoma in situ in 14 and invasive carcinoma in 20. Tumours were of the main duct type in 14 patients, branch duct type in 32, and combined type in 16. A multivariate analysis of 17 potential predictive factors, including preoperative clinical and imaging findings, was conducted. Results: Multivariate analysis identified two independent predictive factors for malignancy: mural nodules and main pancreatic duct diameter of 7 mm or more. Mural nodules in the main duct or combined type, and mural nodules and turnout diameter of 30 mm or more in the branch duct type were particularly indicative of malignancy. Mural nodules, jaundice and main duct or combined type were predictors of invasive carcinoma in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The above factors should be considered in the diagnosis of IPMT to facilitate appropriate management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nodal status in gastric carcinoma is related not only to prognosis but also to the extent of nodal dissection. However, a method for accurate assessment of nodal status during operation has not been established. This study aimed to map the sentinel nodes of gastric carcinoma and to estimate the clinical usefulness of sentinel node biopsy. Methods: Following laparotomy, a vital dye (0.2 ml 2 per cent patent blue) was injected through a gastroscope into the submueosal layer at four sites around a clinical T1 gastric carcinoma. The dye immediately appeared at the serosal surface and stained lymphatic vessels and nodes. The stained nodes were removed and examined by frozen sectioning. Results: The assay was successful in mapping the lymphatic basins in 203 (96.2 per cen0 of211 patients. The dye stained one or more metastatic nodes in 31 patients, but failed to indicate a metastatic node in four patients with a large involved node. Meticulous postoperative examination of all resected nodes in the standard paraffin slices revealed no new metastases. The accuracy of the assay was 98.0 per cent. Conclusion: The method was accurate in predicting nodal status in patients with early-stage gastric carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: MUC1 mucin is known to be highly expressed in carcinomas that show invasive growth and poor prognosis. Impairment of adhesion molecule E-cadherin expression has been widely accepted as a critical event for cancer invasion and metastasis. The present study evaluated the combination of mucin and E-cadherin status as a possible predictor of patients suitable for minimally invasive therapy for gastric cancer. Methods: Two hundred and nine paraffin-embedded specimens of gastric carcinoma (141 early, 68 advanced) were examined by immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies against MUC 1 mucin (MUC-1-CORE, DF3), MUC2 mucin (Ccp58) and E-cadherin (anti-E-cad). Results: Gastric carcinoma with MUCli-positive expression demonstrated malignant characteristics. Normal E-cadherin expression showed an inverse correlation with MUC1 expression. Patients with early gastric carcinoma who had a combination of normal E-cadherin and MUCl-negative expression had no recurrence and a favourable prognosis. Moreover, cancers with normal E-cadherin/MUCl-negative expression were not found at an advanced stage in differentiated-type carcinoma. Conclusion: A normal E-cadherin/MUCl-negative expression pattern in gastric cancer is a favourable marker. Preoperative estimation of the E-cadherin and MUC1 status of an endoscopic biopsy specimen may help select appropriate patients for minimally invasive treatment of gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SummaryBackground: The role of iliac lymphadenectomy in surgery for rectal cancer remains unknown. Detailed clinicopathological data on lateral cancer extension may be needed to determine the true role of this procedure. Methods: Seventy consecutive patients with low rectal cancer who underwent systematic iliac lymphadenectomy between 1991 and 1995 were reviewed. The iliac area was divided into five regions: (1) middle rectal root, (2) internal iliac, (3) obturator, (4) common iliac and (5) external iliac. Iliac lymph nodes that were cancer-free based on conventional pathological examination were serially sectioned at 100-μm intervals and re-examined for occult microscopic involvement. Results: Occult microscopic foci were detected in five (7 per cent) of the 70 patients, and the overall incidence of lateral cancer spread was 24 per cent (17 of 70). Among patients without other sites of distant metastasis or circumferential involvement of the margin, the 5-year survival rate of those with lateral spread was 35 per cent. Although the prognosis of patients with cancer involving multiple iliac regions was poor, three of six patients with metastasis to only a single region were alive without disease at 3 years. Conclusion: Surgeons should be aware of the possibility of localized lateral spread, including microscopic metastasis, when determining the optimum procedure for iliac lymphadenectomy in patients with rectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the incidence of in-transit metastases after sentinel node biopsy in patients with melanoma. Factors influencing the occurrence of in-transit metastases in patients with a tumor-positive sentinel node; Comparison between the incidence of in-transit metastases in patients with a positive sentinel node and those with palpable nodes; Association of sentinel node biopsy with a higher risk of in-transit metastases.

Examines sentinel node micrometastasis in breast cancer. Consideration of sentinel node procedure as a reliable method of assessing axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancer; Definition of micrometastasis; Removal of nodes with micrometastasis through axillary lymph node dissection.