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Diverse pectinolytic enzymes are widely applied in the food, papermaking, and other industries, and they account for more than 25% of the global industrial enzyme demands. Efficient lignocellulose degradation microbiota are reservoirs of pectinolytic enzymes and other lignocellulose-degrading genes. Metagenomics has been widely used to discover new pectinolytic enzymes. Here, we used a metagenomic strategy to characterize pectinolytic genes from one efficient lignocellulose-degrading microbiota derived from pulp and paper wastewater treatment microbiota. A total of 23 predicted full-length GH28 and PL1 family pectinolytic genes were selectively cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and 5 of the expressed proteins had pectinolytic activities. Among them, the characterization of one pectinolytic enzyme, PW-pGH28-3, which has a 58.4% identity with an exo-polygalacturonase gene of Aquipluma nitroreducens, was further investigated. The optimal pH and optimal temperature of PW-pGH28-3 were 8.0 and 40 °C, respectively, and its pectinolytic activity at the optimal condition was 13.5 ± 1.1 U/mg protein. Bioinformatics analyses and structural modeling suggest that PW-pGH28-3 is a novel secretory exo-polygalacturonase, which is confirmed by its hydrolysates of polygalacturonic acid. The detection of PW-pGH28-3 and other pectinolytic genes showed that efficient lignocellulose degradation microbiota could provide potential efficient pectinolytic enzymes for industrial application. In the future, improving metagenomic screening efficiency would discover efficient lignocellulose-degrading enzymes and lead to the sustainable and green utilization of lignocellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This year marks the 35th anniversary of Professor Walter Wahli's discovery of the PPARs (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors) family of nuclear hormone receptors. To mark the occasion, the editors of the scientific periodical Biomolecules decided to publish a special issue in his honor. This paper summarizes what is known about PPARs and shows how trends have changed and how research on PPARs has evolved. The article also highlights the importance of PPARs and what role they play in various diseases and ailments. The paper is in a mixed form; essentially it is a review article, but it has been enriched with the results of our experiments. The selection of works was subjective, as there are more than 200,000 publications in the PubMed database alone. First, all papers done on an animal model were discarded at the outset. What remained was still far too large to describe directly. Therefore, only papers that were outstanding, groundbreaking, or simply interesting were described and briefly commented on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we report the development of a cellulose-based affinity adsorbent and its application for the purification of proteases from fish by-products. The affinity adsorbent was synthesized using cellulose microfibers as the matrix, isolated from recycled newspapers using the acid precipitation method. As an affinity ligand, the triazine dye Cibacron Blue 3GA (CB3GA) was used and immobilized directly onto the cellulose microfibers. Absorption equilibrium studies and frontal affinity chromatography were employed to evaluate the chromatographic performance of the adsorbent using as model proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LYS). Absorption equilibrium studies suggest that the adsorption of both proteins obeys the Langmuir isotherm model. The kinetics of adsorption obey the pseudo-second-order model. The affinity adsorbent was applied for the development of a purification procedure for proteases from Sparus aurata by-products (stomach and pancreas). A single-step purification protocol for trypsin and chymotrypsin was developed and optimized. The protocol afforded enzymes with high yields suitable for technical and industrial purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This correction notice addresses errors in a scientific paper titled "A Cell-Free SDKP-Conjugated Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogel Sufficient for Improvement of Myocardial Infarction." The authors discovered that some representative images in Figures 4 and 5 overlapped with images from another published paper. This occurred because the experiments were performed simultaneously. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions were unaffected. The corrected version of the paper will be updated on the article webpage. Additionally, a correction was made to the peptide sequence in the Materials and Methods section due to intellectual property issues. The paper includes graphs showing the effects of the hydrogel on scar size, angiogenesis, and inflammation. [Extracted from the article]

The early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a challenge for medical scientists worldwide, leading to a number of research efforts that focus on biosensor development for AD biomarkers. However, the application of these complicated biosensors is limited in medical diagnosis, due to the difficulties in robust sensing platform development, high costs, and the necessity for technical professionals. We successfully developed a robust straightforward manufacturing process for the fabrication of multi-chamber paper devices using the wax printing method and exploited it to detect amyloid beta 42 oligomers (AβO42, a significant biomarker of AD) using copper-enhanced gold nanoprobe colorimetric immunoblotting. Small hydrophilic reaction chambers could concentrate the target sample to the desired size to improve the sensing performance. The copper-enhanced gold nanoprobe immunoblot using the designed multi-chamber platform exhibited a highly sensitive performance with a limit of detection of 320 pg/mL by the naked eye and 23.7 pg/mL by a smartphone camera. This process from sensing manufacture to sensing conduction is simple to perform whenever medical technicians require time- and cost-savings, without complicated instruments or the need for technical professionals, making it feasible to serve as a diagnostic tool worldwide for the early monitoring of AD and scalable devices for the sensing application of various biomarkers in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although both localized nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and non-localized nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) generate the same information, i.e., spectra generated by various groups from the structure of metabolites, they are rarely employed in the same study or by the same research group. As our review reveals, these techniques have never been applied in the same study of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), propionic acidemia (PA) or vitamin B12 deficiency patients. On the other hand, MRS and NMR provide complementary information which is very valuable in the assessment of the severity of disease and efficiency of its treatment. Thus, MRS provides intracellular metabolic information from localized regions of the brain, while NMR provides extracellular metabolic information from biological fluids like urine, blood or cerebrospinal fluid. This paper presents an up-to-date review of the NMR and MRS studies reported to date for methylmalonic and propionic acidemias. Vitamin B12 deficiency, although in most of its cases not inherited, shares similarities in its metabolic effects with MMA and it is also covered in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document discusses the role of redox imbalance and mitochondrial abnormalities in kidney disease. The kidney is an energy-demanding organ that relies on active mitochondrial bioenergetics metabolism. Disruptions in this process can lead to kidney dysfunction. The document includes several papers that explore different aspects of kidney disease, such as podocyte injury, redox metabolism and vascular calcification, the effects of vitamin C and metals, and risk factors for diabetic nephropathy. The papers also discuss potential strategies for preventing and treating kidney disease, including the modulation of mitophagy and the manipulation of gut microbiota. Overall, the document provides valuable insights into the mechanisms and potential interventions for kidney disease. [Extracted from the article]

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent a recently discovered polymorphonuclear leukocyte-associated ancient defence mechanism, and they have also been identified as part of polytrauma patients' sterile inflammatory response. This systematic review aimed to determine the clinical significance of NETs in polytrauma, focusing on potential prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. The methodology covered all major databases and all study types, but was restricted to polytraumatised humans. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 1967 patients. Ten samples were taken from plasma and four from whole blood. There was no standardisation of methodology of NET detection among plasma studies; however, of all the papers that included a healthy control NET, proxies were increased. Polytrauma patients were consistently reported to have higher concentrations of NET markers in peripheral blood than those in healthy controls, but their diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic utility is equivocal due to the diverse study population and methodology. After 20 years since the discovery of NETs, their natural history and potential clinical utility in polytrauma is undetermined, requiring further standardisation and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transient receptor potential (TRP) melastatin member 8 (TRPM8) is a non-selective cation channel that can be activated by low temperatures (8–26 °C), cooling agents (including menthol analogs such as menthol, icilin, and WS-12), voltage, and extracellular osmotic pressure changes. TRPM8 expression has been identified in the digestive system by several research teams, demonstrating its significant involvement in tissue function and pathologies of the digestive system. Specifically, studies have implicated TRPM8 in various physiological and pathological processes of the esophagus, stomach, colorectal region, liver, and pancreas. This paper aims to comprehensively outline the distinct role of TRPM8 in different organs of the digestive system, offering insights for future mechanistic investigations of TRPM8. Additionally, it presents potential therapeutic targets for treating conditions such as digestive tract inflammation, tumors, sensory and functional disorders, and other related diseases. Furthermore, this paper addresses the limitations of existing studies and highlights the research prospects associated with TRPM8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combination therapy aims to synergistically enhance efficacy or reduce toxic side effects and has widely been used in clinical practice. However, with the rapid increase in the types of drug combinations, identifying the synergistic relationships between drugs remains a highly challenging task. This paper proposes a novel deep learning model MMFSyn based on multimodal drug data combined with cell line features. Firstly, to ensure the full expression of drug molecular features, multiple modalities of drugs, including Morgan fingerprints, atom sequences, molecular diagrams, and atomic point cloud data, are extracted using SMILES. Secondly, for different modal data, a Bi-LSTM, gMLP, multi-head attention mechanism, and multi-scale GCNs are comprehensively applied to extract the drug feature. Then, it selects appropriate omics features from gene expression and mutation omics data of cancer cell lines to construct cancer cell line features. Finally, these features are combined to predict the synergistic anti-cancer drug combination effect. The experimental results verify that MMFSyn has significant advantages in performance compared to other popular methods, with a root mean square error of 13.33 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.81, which indicates that MMFSyn can better capture the complex relationship between multimodal drug combinations and omics data, thereby improving the synergistic drug combination prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in developing novel materials based on natural biopolymers as a renewable alternative to petroleum-based plastics. The availability of proteins derived from agricultural by-products, along with their favourable properties, has fostered a renewed interest in protein-based materials, promoting research in innovative technologies. In this study, we propose the use of rapeseed protein-rich meal as the main ingredient for the preparation of novel sustainable materials combining excellent environmental properties such as biodegradability and renewability. The application of sustainable products in the present high-tech society requires the modification of the basic native properties of these natural compounds. The original route proposed in this paper consists of preparation via the compression moulding of flexible biomaterials stabilized by crosslinkers/chain extenders. An investigation of the effects of different denaturing and disulfide bond reducing agents, crosslinkers, and preparation conditions on the material mechanical behaviour demonstrated that the novel materials have appreciable strength and stiffness. The results show the potential of utilizing full meal from vegetable by-products to prepare protein-based materials with guaranteed ecofriendly characteristics and mechanical properties adequate for specific structural applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melatonin is a relic, due to its millions-of-years-old presence in chemical reactions, found in evolutionarily diverse organisms. It has a multidirectional biological function. It controls diurnal rhythms, redox homeostasis, intestinal motor functions, mitochondrial biogenesis and fetal development and has antioxidant effects. It also has analgesic and therapeutic effects. The purpose of this paper is to describe the role of melatonin in vital processes occurring in interaction with the environment, with particular reference to various magnetic fields ubiquitous in the life of animate matter, especially radio frequency/extra low frequency (RF/ELF EMF) and static magnetic fields. The most important part of this article is to describe the potential effects of magnetic fields on melatonin secretion and the resulting possible health effects. Melatonin in some cases positively amplifies the electromagnetic signal, intensifying health effects, such as neurogenesis, analgesic effects or lowering blood pressure. In other cases, it is a stimulus that inhibits the processes of destruction and aggravation of lesions. Sometimes, however, in contrast to the beneficial effects of electromagnetic fields in therapy, they intensify pathogenic effects, as in multiple sclerosis by intensifying the inflammatory process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene delivery therapy has emerged as a popular approach for the treatment of various diseases. However, it still poses the challenges of accumulation in target sites and reducing off-target effects. Aerosol gene delivery for the treatment of pulmonary diseases has the advantages of high lung accumulation, specific targeting and fewer systemic side effects. However, the key challenge is selecting the appropriate formulation for aerosol gene delivery that can overcome physiological barriers. There are numerous existing gene carriers under study, including viral vectors and non-viral vectors. With the development of biomaterials, more biocompatible substances have applied gene delivery via inhalation. Furthermore, many types of genes can be delivered through aerosol inhalation, such as DNA, mRNA, siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9. Aerosol delivery of different types of genes has proven to be efficient in the treatment of many diseases such as SARS-CoV-2, cystic fibrosis and lung cancer. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the ongoing research on aerosol gene delivery therapy, including the basic respiratory system, different types of gene carriers, different types of carried genes and clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial in modulating gene expression and sculpting cellular and organismal phenotypes. The identification of TF–target gene interactions is pivotal for comprehending molecular pathways and disease etiologies but has been hindered by the demanding nature of traditional experimental approaches. This paper introduces a novel web application and package utilizing the R program, which predicts TF–target gene relationships and vice versa. Our application integrates the predictive power of various bioinformatic tools, leveraging their combined strengths to provide robust predictions. It merges databases for enhanced precision, incorporates gene expression correlation for accuracy, and employs pan-tissue correlation analysis for context-specific insights. The application also enables the integration of user data with established resources to analyze TF–target gene networks. Despite its current limitation to human data, it provides a platform to explore gene regulatory mechanisms comprehensively. This integrated, systematic approach offers researchers an invaluable tool for dissecting the complexities of gene regulation, with the potential for future expansions to include a broader range of species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The neddylation pathway assumes a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of cancer. MLN4924, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE), effectively intervenes in the early stages of the neddylation pathway. By instigating diverse cellular responses, such as senescence and apoptosis in cancer cells, MLN4924 also exerts regulatory effects on non-malignant cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor virus-infected cells, thereby impeding the onset of tumors. Consequently, MLN4924 has been widely acknowledged as a potent anti-cancer drug. (2) Recent findings: Nevertheless, recent findings have illuminated additional facets of the neddylation pathway, revealing its active involvement in various biological processes detrimental to the survival of cancer cells. This newfound understanding underscores the dual role of MLN4924 in tumor therapy, characterized by both anti-cancer and pro-cancer effects. This dichotomy is herein referred to as the "double-edged effects" of MLN4924. This paper delves into the intricate relationship between the neddylation pathway and cancer, offering a mechanistic exploration and analysis of the causes underlying the double-edged effects of MLN4924—specifically, the accumulation of pro-cancer neddylation substrates. (3) Perspectives: Here, the objective is to furnish theoretical support and novel insights that can guide the development of next-generation anti-cancer drugs targeting the neddylation pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We learned that proteins with unique 3D structures can switch folds (referred to as "metamorphic" or shapeshifting proteins), and a new class of proteins, called intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), that lack structure but can either transition to order, or in many cases, be functional in the absence of any structure ("fuzzy" logic), was discovered. This paper showed that structured proteins and IDPs could be separated by a straight line on a plot of a protein's net charge ( I Y i -axis) versus its overall hydropathy ( I X i -axis) using the Kyte and Doolittle hydropathy scale. Until the late 1990s, we believed that protein function required a unique, well-defined 3D structure encrypted in the amino acid sequence. This collection is a small token of the respect, admiration, and affection the contributors have for Prof. Vladimir (Volodya) Uversky. [Extracted from the article]

Detecting skeletal or bone-related deformities in model and aquaculture fish is vital for numerous biomedical studies. In biomedical research, model fish with bone-related disorders are potential indicators of various chemically induced toxins in their environment or poor dietary conditions. In aquaculture, skeletal deformities are affecting fish health, and economic losses are incurred by fish farmers. This survey paper focuses on showcasing the cutting-edge image analysis tools and techniques based on artificial intelligence that are currently applied in the analysis of bone-related deformities in aquaculture and model fish. These methods and tools play a significant role in improving research by automating various aspects of the analysis. This paper also sheds light on some of the hurdles faced when dealing with high-content bioimages and explores potential solutions to overcome these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), present significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. While the etiologies of AD and PD differ, both diseases share commonalities in synaptic dysfunction, thereby focusing attention on the role of neurotransmitters. The possible functions that platelets may play in neurodegenerative illnesses including PD and AD are becoming more acknowledged. In AD, platelets have been investigated for their ability to generate amyloid-ß (Aß) peptides, contributing to the formation of neurotoxic plaques. Moreover, platelets are considered biomarkers for early AD diagnosis. In PD, platelets have been studied for their involvement in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are key factors in the disease's pathogenesis. Emerging research shows that platelets, which release glutamate upon activation, also play a role in these disorders. Decreased glutamate uptake in platelets has been observed in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients, pointing to a systemic dysfunction in glutamate handling. This paper aims to elucidate the critical role that glutamate receptors play in the pathophysiology of both AD and PD. Utilizing data from clinical trials, animal models, and cellular studies, we reviewed how glutamate receptors dysfunction contributes to neurodegenerative (ND) processes such as excitotoxicity, synaptic loss, and cognitive impairment. The paper also reviews all current medications including glutamate receptor antagonists for AD and PD, highlighting their mode of action and limitations. A deeper understanding of glutamate receptor involvement including its systemic regulation by platelets could open new avenues for more effective treatments, potentially slowing disease progression and improving patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein folding and structural biology are highly active disciplines that combine basic research in various fields, including biology, chemistry, physics, and computer science, with practical applications in biomedicine and nanotechnology. However, there are still gaps in the understanding of the detailed mechanisms of protein folding, and protein structure-function relations. In an effort to bridge these gaps, this paper studies the equivalence of proteins and origami. Research on proteins and origami provides strong evidence to support the use of origami folding principles and mechanical models to explain aspects of proteins formation and function. Although not identical, the equivalence of origami and proteins emerges in: (i) the folding processes, (ii) the shape and structure of proteins and origami models, and (iii) the intrinsic mechanical properties of the folded structures/models, which allows them to synchronically fold/unfold and effectively distribute forces to the whole structure. As a result, origami can contribute to the understanding of various key protein-related mechanisms and support the design of de novo proteins and nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) often occurs in the process of kidney transplantation, which significantly impacts the subsequent treatment and prognosis of patients. The prognosis of patients with different subtypes of IRI is quite different. Therefore, in this paper, the gene expression data of multiple IRI samples were downloaded from the GEO database, and a double Laplacian orthogonal non-negative matrix factorization (DL-ONMF) algorithm was proposed to classify them. In this algorithm, various regularization constraints are added based on the non-negative matrix factorization algorithm, and the prior information is fused into the algorithm from different perspectives. The connectivity information between different samples and features is added to the algorithm by Laplacian regularization constraints on samples and features. In addition, orthogonality constraints on the basis matrix and coefficient matrix obtained by the algorithm decomposition are added to reduce the influence of redundant samples and redundant features on the results. Based on the DL-ONMF algorithm for clustering, two PRGs-related IRI isoforms were obtained in this paper. The results of immunoassays showed that the immune microenvironment was different among PRGS-related IRI types. Based on the differentially expressed PRGs between subtypes, we used LASSO and SVM-RFE algorithms to construct a diagnostic model related to renal transplantation. ROC analysis showed that the diagnostic model could predict the outcome of renal transplant patients with high accuracy. In conclusion, this paper presents an algorithm, DL-ONMF, which can identify subtypes with different disease characteristics. Comprehensive bioinformatic analysis showed that pyroptosis might affect the outcome of kidney transplantation by participating in the immune response of IRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cause of heart failure (HF) and heart transplantation (HTx), with genetic factors playing a significant role. In recent years, the RNA-binding protein motif 20 (RBM20), which affects the gene splicing of various proteins with different cellular functions, was identified as the first DCM gene with regulatory properties. Variants of RBM20 have been associated with severe forms of DCM. The aim of this critical systematic review was to analyse RBM20 cardiomyopathy clinical features and outcomes. According to PRISMA guidelines, a search was run in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases using the following keywords: "RBM20"; "cardiomyopathy"; "arrhythmias"; "heart failure". A total of 181 records were screened, of which 27 studies were potentially relevant to the topic. Through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight papers reporting 398 patients with RBM20 pathogenic variants were analysed. The mean age at presentation was 41 years. Familiarity with cardiomyopathy was available in 59% of cases, with 55% of probands reporting a positive family history. Imaging data indicated a mild reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction (mean LVEF 40%), while tissue characterization was reported in 24.3% of cases, showing late gadolinium enhancement in 33% of patients. Composite outcomes of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation occurred in 19.4% of patients, with 12% undergoing HTx. There were no gender differences in arrhythmic outcomes, while 96.4% of patients who underwent HTx were male. In conclusion, RBM20 cardiomyopathy exhibits a severe phenotypic expression, both in terms of arrhythmic burden and HF progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are byproducts of normal cellular metabolism and play pivotal roles in various physiological processes. Disruptions in the balance between ROS levels and the body's antioxidant defenses can lead to the development of numerous diseases. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), a key component of the body's antioxidant system, is an oxidoreductase enzyme. GPX3 mitigates oxidative damage by catalyzing the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into water. Beyond its antioxidant function, GPX3 is vital in regulating metabolism, modulating cell growth, inducing apoptosis and facilitating signal transduction. It also serves as a significant tumor suppressor in various cancers. Recent studies have revealed aberrant expression of GPX3 in several non-neoplastic diseases, associating it with multiple pathological processes. This review synthesizes the current understanding of GPX3 expression and regulation, highlighting its extensive roles in noncancerous diseases. Additionally, this paper evaluates the potential of GPX3 as a diagnostic biomarker and explores emerging therapeutic strategies targeting this enzyme, offering potential avenues for future clinical treatment of non-neoplastic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New furan, thiophene, and triazole oximes were synthesized through several-step reaction paths to investigate their potential for the development of central nervous systems (CNS)-active and cholinesterase-targeted therapeutics in organophosphorus compound (OP) poisonings. Treating patients with acute OP poisoning is still a challenge despite the development of a large number of oxime compounds that should have the capacity to reactivate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The activity of these two enzymes, crucial for neurotransmission, is blocked by OP, which has the consequence of disturbing normal cholinergic nerve signal transduction in the peripheral and CNS, leading to a cholinergic crisis. The oximes in use have one or two pyridinium rings and cross the brain–blood barrier poorly due to the quaternary nitrogen. Following our recent study on 2-thienostilbene oximes, in this paper, we described the synthesis of 63 heterostilbene derivatives, of which 26 oximes were tested as inhibitors and reactivators of AChE and BChE inhibited by OP nerve agents–sarin and cyclosarin. While the majority of oximes were potent inhibitors of both enzymes in the micromolar range, we identified several oximes as BChE or AChE selective inhibitors with the potential for drug development. Furthermore, the oximes were poor reactivators of AChE; four heterocyclic derivatives reactivated cyclosarin-inhibited BChE up to 70%, and cis,trans-5 [2-((Z)-2-(5-((E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl)thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)benzonitrile] had a reactivation efficacy comparable to the standard oxime HI-6. In silico analysis and molecular docking studies, including molecular dynamics simulation, connected kinetic data to the structural features of these oximes and confirmed their productive interactions with the active site of cyclosarin-inhibited BChE. Based on inhibition and reactivation and their ADMET properties regarding lipophilicity, CNS activity, and hepatotoxicity, these compounds could be considered for further development of CNS-active reactivators in OP poisoning as well as cholinesterase-targeted therapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a refractory orthopedic condition characterized by bone cell ischemia, necrosis, bone trabecular fracture, and clinical symptoms such as pain, femoral head collapse, and joint dysfunction that can lead to disability. The disability rate of ONFH is very high, which imposes a significant economic burden on both families and society. Steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is the most common type of ONFH. However, the pathogenesis of SANFH remains unclear, and it is an urgent challenge for orthopedic surgeons to explore it. In this paper, the pathogenesis of SANFH and its related signaling pathways were briefly reviewed to enhance comprehension of the pathogenesis and prevention of SANFH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary malignancy of the liver, with hepatocellular differentiation. It is ranked sixth among the most common cancers worldwide and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The most important etiological factors discussed here are viral infection (HBV, HCV), exposure to aflatoxin B1, metabolic syndrome, and obesity (as an independent factor). Directly or indirectly, they induce chromosomal aberrations, mutations, and epigenetic changes in specific genes involved in intracellular signaling pathways, responsible for synthesis of growth factors, cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, the metastasis process (including the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and the expression of adhesion molecules), and angiogenesis. All these disrupted molecular mechanisms contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, equally important is the interaction between tumor cells and the components of the tumor microenvironment: inflammatory cells and macrophages—predominantly with a pro-tumoral role—hepatic stellate cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, cancer stem cells, extracellular vesicles, and the extracellular matrix. In this paper, we reviewed the molecular biology of hepatocellular carcinoma and the intricate mechanisms involved in hepatocarcinogenesis, and we highlighted how certain signaling pathways can be pharmacologically influenced at various levels with specific molecules. Additionally, we mentioned several examples of recent clinical trials and briefly described the current treatment protocol according to the NCCN guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of nanomaterials through environmentally friendly methods is a top priority in the sustainable development of nanotechnology. This paper presents data on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of Sphagnum fallax moss at room temperature. The morphology, stability, and size of the nanoparticles were analyzed using various techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, Doppler laser velocimetry, and UV-vis spectroscopy. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the presence of moss metabolites on the surface of nanomaterials. The effects of different concentrations of citrate-stabilized and moss extract-stabilized silver nanoparticles on cell viability, necrosis induction, and cell impedance were compared. The internalization of silver nanoparticles into both monolayers and three-dimensional cells spheroids was evaluated using dark-field microscopy and hyperspectral imaging. An eco-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles at room temperature is proposed, which makes it possible to obtain spherical nanoparticles of 20–30 nm in size with high bioavailability and that have potential applications in various areas of human life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical data have unique specificity and professionalism, requiring substantial domain expertise for their annotation. Precise data annotation is essential for anomaly-detection tasks, making the training process complex. Domain generalization (DG) is an important approach to enhancing medical image anomaly detection (AD). This paper introduces a novel multimodal anomaly-detection framework called MedicalCLIP. MedicalCLIP utilizes multimodal data in anomaly-detection tasks and establishes irregular constraints within modalities for images and text. The key to MedicalCLIP lies in learning intramodal detailed representations, which are combined with text semantic-guided cross-modal contrastive learning, allowing the model to focus on semantic information while capturing more detailed information, thus achieving more fine-grained anomaly detection. MedicalCLIP relies on GPT prompts to generate text, reducing the demand for professional descriptions of medical data. Text construction for medical data helps to improve the generalization ability of multimodal models for anomaly-detection tasks. Additionally, during the text–image contrast-enhancement process, the model's ability to select and extract information from image data is improved. Through hierarchical contrastive loss, fine-grained representations are achieved in the image-representation process. MedicalCLIP has been validated on various medical datasets, showing commendable domain generalization performance in medical-data anomaly detection. Improvements were observed in both anomaly classification and segmentation metrics. In the anomaly classification (AC) task involving brain data, the method demonstrated a 2.81 enhancement in performance over the best existing approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RAMOSA1 (RA1) is a Cys2-His2-type (C2H2) zinc finger transcription factor that controls plant meristem fate and identity and has played an important role in maize domestication. Despite its importance, the origin of RA1 is unknown, and the evolution in plants is only partially understood. In this paper, we present a well-resolved phylogeny based on 73 amino acid sequences from 48 embryophyte species. The recovered tree topology indicates that, during grass evolution, RA1 arose from two consecutive SUPERMAN duplications, resulting in three distinct grass sequence lineages: RA1-like A, RA1-like B, and RA1; however, most of these copies have unknown functions. Our findings indicate that RA1 and RA1-like play roles in the nucleus despite lacking a traditional nuclear localization signal. Here, we report that copies diversified their coding region and, with it, their protein structure, suggesting different patterns of DNA binding and protein–protein interaction. In addition, each of the retained copies diversified regulatory elements along their promoter regions, indicating differences in their upstream regulation. Taken together, the evidence indicates that the RA1 and RA1-like gene families in grasses underwent subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization enabled by gene duplication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), previously regarded as a toxic exhaust and atmospheric pollutant, has emerged as the third gaseous signaling molecule following nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Recent research has revealed significant biological effects of H2S in a variety of systems, such as the nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. Additionally, H2S has been found to impact reproductive system function and may have therapeutic implications for reproductive disorders. This paper explores the relationship between H2S and male reproductive disorders, specifically erectile dysfunction, prostate cancer, male infertility, and testicular damage. Additionally, it examines the impact of H2S regulation on the pathophysiology of the female reproductive system, including improvements in preterm birth, endometriosis, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion, placental oxidative damage, embryo implantation, recovery of myometrium post-delivery, and ovulation. The study delves into the regulatory functions of H2S within the reproductive systems of both genders, including its impact on the NO/cGMP pathway, the activation of K+ channels, and the relaxation mechanism of the spongy smooth muscle through the ROCK pathway, aiming to broaden the scope of potential therapeutic strategies for treating reproductive system disorders in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer remains one of the global leading causes of death and various vaccines have been developed over the years against it, including cell-based, nucleic acid-based, and viral-based cancer vaccines. Although many vaccines have been effective in in vivo and clinical studies and some have been FDA-approved, there are major limitations to overcome: (1) developing one universal vaccine for a specific cancer is difficult, as tumors with different antigens are different for different individuals, (2) the tumor antigens may be similar to the body's own antigens, and (3) there is the possibility of cancer recurrence. Therefore, developing personalized cancer vaccines with the ability to distinguish between the tumor and the body's antigens is indispensable. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different types of cancer vaccines and highlights important factors necessary for developing efficient cancer vaccines. Moreover, the application of other technologies in cancer therapy is discussed. Finally, several insights and conclusions are presented, such as the possibility of using cold plasma and cancer stem cells in developing future cancer vaccines, to tackle the major limitations in the cancer vaccine developmental process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thrombopoietin, the primary regulator of blood platelet production, was postulated to exist in 1958, but was only proven to exist when the cDNA for the hormone was cloned in 1994. Since its initial cloning and characterization, the hormone has revealed many surprises. For example, instead of acting as the postulated differentiation factor for platelet precursors, megakaryocytes, it is the most potent stimulator of megakaryocyte progenitor expansion known. Moreover, it also stimulates the survival, and in combination with stem cell factor leads to the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. All of these growth-promoting activities have resulted in its clinical use in patients with thrombocytopenia and aplastic anemia, although the clinical development of the native molecule illustrated that "it's not wise to mess with mother nature", as a highly engineered version of the native hormone led to autoantibody formation and severe thrombocytopenia. Finally, another unexpected finding was the role of the thrombopoietin receptor in stem cell biology, including the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms, an important disorder of hematopoietic stem cells. Overall, the past 30 years of clinical and basic research has yielded many important insights, which are reviewed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial hypertrophy is the most common condition that accompanies heart development in children. Transcriptional gene expression regulating pathways play a critical role both in cardiac embryogenesis and in the pathogenesis of congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, neonatal posthypoxic myocardial hypertrophy, and congenital heart diseases. This paper describes the state of cardiac gene expression and potential pharmacological modulators at different transcriptional levels. An experimental model of perinatal cardiac hypoxia showed the downregulated expression of genes responsible for cardiac muscle integrity and overexpressed genes associated with energy metabolism and apoptosis, which may provide a basis for a therapeutic approach. Current evidence suggests that RNA drugs, theaflavin, neuraminidase, proton pumps, and histone deacetylase inhibitors are promising pharmacological agents in progressive cardiac hypertrophy. The different points of application of the above drugs make combined use possible, potentiating the effects of inhibition in specific signaling pathways. The special role of N-acetyl cysteine in both the inhibition of several signaling pathways and the reduction of oxidative stress was emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disruption of the airway epithelium triggers a defensive immune response that begins with the production and release of alarmin cytokines. These epithelial-derived alarmin cytokines, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), are produced in response to aeroallergens, viruses, and toxic inhalants. An alarmin response disproportionate to the inhaled trigger can exacerbate airway diseases such as asthma. Allergens inhaled into previously sensitized airways are known to drive a T2 inflammatory response through the polarization of T cells by dendritic cells mediated by TSLP. Harmful compounds found within air pollution, microbes, and viruses are also triggers causing airway epithelial cell release of TSLP in asthmatic airways. The release of TSLP leads to the development of inflammation which, when unchecked, can result in asthma exacerbations. Genetic and inheritable factors can contribute to the variable expression of TSLP and the risk and severity of asthma. This paper will review the various triggers and consequences of TSLP release in asthmatic airways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much is known about the natural history of syphilis; however, less is known about the immune response against it, and even less is known about people living with HIV (PLWH). Due to the lack of an animal model to study host-pathogen interactions, it remains unclear how the host eliminates the bacteria. Here, we attempt to elucidate the immune response against infection by summarizing all the reported data in a systematic review. We found that only seven papers included PLWH, and they did not accurately describe the immune response against Treponema pallidum since only lymphopenia was reported upon coinfection. On the other hand, at least sixteen papers described the host-pathogen interaction in individual cell populations. Using this information, we established the kinetics of the immune response against syphilis and hypothesized how CD4+ T cells, such as Th17 and T rex cells, worsen the progression of the disease in PLWH through their hallmark cytokines, IL-10 and IL-17, and how these two cytokines may play important roles as biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document discusses the potential of marine natural compounds for drug design in biomedicine. It highlights the unique structural and biological characteristics of marine secondary metabolites and their potential in addressing challenges such as antibiotic resistance and immunogenicity. The document includes research papers and reviews on marine natural products derived from marine animals, algae, and marine fungi. The studies cover a range of topics, including the chemical structures, biological activities, and potential applications of these compounds in areas such as anticancer drugs, antibiotics, and antimicrobial agents. The document also explores the challenges and prospects of using sulfated galactans from agarophytes and the therapeutic potential of peptides derived from marine organisms. Overall, this Special Issue provides valuable insights into the biomedical potential of marine natural compounds and offers opportunities for future technological developments. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a correction notice for a published paper titled "Effectiveness of N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Renal Deterioration Caused by Long-Term Exposure to Bisphenol A." The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions of the paper are unaffected. The correction involves replacing Figure 2 of the paper, which shows histopathological changes in the kidneys following long-term exposure to Bisphenol A and N-Acetylcysteine treatment. The new Figure 2 is attached to the notice. The authors of the paper are Anongporn Kobroob, Wachirasek Peerapanyasut, Sirinart Kumfu, Nipon Chattipakorn, and Orawan Wongmekiat. [Extracted from the article]

This paper aims to review the evidence of the cellular activity on titanium samples exposed to Plasma of Argon (PoA) treatment. A systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA statement by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Scopus, up to October 2020. Papers were selected according to PICOS format that is: Population (P): osteoblasts, fibroblasts, gingival cells; Intervention (I): PoA disinfection treatment; Comparison (C): untreated controls; Outcome (O): cell culture; Setting (S): in vitro assays. The quality assessment was performed according to the CRIS Guidelines (Checklist for Reporting In vitro Studies). A total of 661 articles were found, of which 16 were included. The quality assessment revealed an overall poor quality of the studies analyzed. In vitro studies on the potential of PoA showed a potential effect in promoting higher cell adhesion and protein adsorption in the earliest times (hours). This outcome was not so evident when later stages of cell growth on the surfaces were tested and compared to the control groups. Only one study was conducted in vivo on a human sample regarding abutment cleaning. No meta-analysis was conducted because of the variety of experimental settings, mixed methods and different cell lines studied. PoA seems to be effective in promoting cell adhesion and protein adsorption. The duration of this effect remains unclear. Further evidence is required to demonstrate the long-term efficacy of the treatment and to support the use of PoA treatment in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy in both Europe and the USA. Approximately 3–5% of cases occur in women of reproductive age. Fertility-sparing treatment (FST) options are available, but very limited evidence regarding grade 2 (G2) ECs exists in the current literature. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate reproductive and oncologic outcomes among young women diagnosed with stage IA or G2EC disease who underwent FST. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was carried out on the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register), the Health Technology Assessment Database, and Web of Science. Only original studies that reported the oncologic and reproductive outcomes of patients with stage IA and G2EC tumors who underwent FST were considered eligible for inclusion in this systematic review (CRD42023484892). Studies describing only the FST for endometrial hyperplasia or G1 EC were excluded. Results: Twenty-two papers that met the abovementioned inclusion criteria were included in the present systematic review. Preliminary analysis suggested encouraging oncologic and reproductive outcomes after FST. Conclusions: The FST approach may represent a feasible and safe option for women of childbearing age diagnosed with G2EC. Despite these promising findings, cautious interpretation is warranted due to inherent limitations, including heterogeneity in study designs and potential biases. Further research with standardized methodologies and larger sample sizes is imperative for obtaining more robust conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-ageing biology and medicine programmes are a focus of genetics, molecular biology, immunology, endocrinology, nutrition, and therapy. This paper discusses metabolic therapies aimed at prolonging longevity and/or health. Individual components of these effects are postulated to be related to the energy supply by tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and free radical production processes. This article presents several theories of ageing and clinical descriptions of the top markers of ageing, which define ageing in different categories; additionally, their interactions with age-related changes and diseases related to α-ketoglutarate (AKG) and succinate SC formation and metabolism in pathological states are explained. This review describes convincingly the differences in the mitochondrial characteristics of energy metabolism in animals, with different levels (high and low) of physiological reactivity of functional systems related to the state of different regulatory systems providing oxygen-dependent processes. Much attention is given to the crucial role of AKG and SC in the energy metabolism in cells related to amino acid synthesis, epigenetic regulation, cell stemness, and differentiation, as well as metabolism associated with the development of pathological conditions and, in particular, cancer cells. Another goal was to address the issue of ageing in terms of individual characteristics related to physiological reactivity. This review also demonstrated the role of the Krebs cycle as a key component of cellular energy and ageing, which is closely associated with the development of various age-related pathologies, such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases where the mTOR pathway plays a key role. This article provides postulates of postischaemic phenomena in an ageing organism and demonstrates the dependence of accelerated ageing and age-related pathology on the levels of AKG and SC in studies on different species (roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, mice, and humans used as models). The findings suggest that this approach may also be useful to show that Krebs cycle metabolites may be involved in age-related abnormalities of the mitochondrial metabolism and may thus induce epigenetic reprogramming that contributes to the senile phenotype and degenerative diseases. The metabolism of these compounds is particularly important when considering ageing mechanisms connected with different levels of initial physiological reactivity and able to initiate individual programmed ageing, depending on the intensity of oxygen consumption, metabolic peculiarities, and behavioural reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small molecules that can restore the action of legacy antibiotics toward drug-resistant bacteria represent an area of ongoing research interest. We have previously reported indole-3-glyoxylamido and indole-3-acetamido-polyamine conjugates that exhibit intrinsic activity toward bacterial and fungal species, and the ability to enhance the action of doxycycline toward the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa; however, these desirable activities were commonly associated with unfavorable cytotoxicity and/or red blood cell hemolytic properties. In this paper, we report the synthesis and biological investigation of a new class of α,ω-di(indole-3-carboxamido)polyamine derivatives, leading to the identification of several analogues that exhibit antimicrobial- and antibiotic-potentiating activities without detectable cytotoxic or hemolytic properties. 5-Bromo-substituted indole analogues 3 and 12–18 were generally more broad-spectrum in their activity than others in the set, with 13b (polyamine PA-3-6-3) being particularly notable for its anti-Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Cryptococcus neoformans activities (MIC ≤ 0.28 µM). The same analogue also restored the action of doxycycline toward P. aeruginosa with a 21-fold enhancement, while the corresponding 5-bromo-indole-3-carboxamide-PA3-7-3 analogue was able to enhance the action of both doxycycline and erythromycin toward P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, respectively. The analogue 13b was capable of disrupting the bacterial membrane of both S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa, suggesting that membrane perturbation could be a mechanism of action of both intrinsic antimicrobial activities and antibiotic potentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major causes of disability and death. Maintenance use of inhaled bronchodilator(s) is the cornerstone of COPD pharmacological therapy, but inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are also commonly used. This narrative paper reviews the role of ICSs as maintenance treatment in combination with bronchodilators, usually in a single inhaler, in stable COPD subjects. The guidelines strongly recommend the addition of an ICS in COPD subjects with a history of concomitant asthma or as a step-up on the top of dual bronchodilators in the presence of hospitalization for exacerbation or at least two moderate exacerbations per year plus high blood eosinophil counts (≥300/mcl). This indication would only involve some COPD subjects. In contrast, in real life, triple inhaled therapy is largely used in COPD, independently of symptoms and in the presence of exacerbations. We will discuss the results of recent randomized controlled trials that found reduced all-cause mortality with triple inhaled therapy compared with dual inhaled long-acting bronchodilator therapy. ICS use is frequently associated with common local adverse events, such as dysphonia, oral candidiasis, and increased risk of pneumonia. Other side effects, such as systemic toxicity and unfavorable changes in the lung microbiome, are suspected mainly at higher doses of ICS in elderly COPD subjects with comorbidities, even if not fully demonstrated. We conclude that, contrary to real life, the use of ICS should be carefully evaluated in stable COPD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BOB1, a mammalian lymphocyte-specific transcriptional coactivator of the transcription factors OCT1 and OCT2 (OCT1/2), plays important roles in normal immune responses, autoimmunity, and hematologic malignancies. The issue of a DNA sequence preference change imposed by BOB1 was raised more than two decades ago but remains unresolved. In this paper, using the EMSA–SELEX–Seq approach, we have reassessed the intrinsic ability of BOB1 to modulate the specificity of DNA recognition by OCT1 and OCT2. Our results have reaffirmed previous conclusions regarding BOB1 selectivity towards the dimer configuration of OCT1/2. However, they suggest that the monomeric configuration of these factors, assembled on the classical octamer ATGCAAAT and related motifs, are the primary targets of BOB1. Our data further specify the DNA sequence preference imposed by BOB1 and predict the probability of ternary complex formation. These results provide an additional insight into the action of BOB1—an essential immune regulator and a promising molecular target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and hematologic malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acquisition and expression of antibiotic resistance implies changes in bacterial cell physiology, imposing fitness costs. Many human opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as those causing urinary tract or bloodstream infections, colonize the gut. In this opinionated review, we will examine the various types of stress that these bacteria might suffer during their intestinal stay. These stresses, and their compensatory responses, probably have a fitness cost, which might be additive to the cost of expressing antibiotic resistance. Such an effect could result in a disadvantage relative to antibiotic susceptible populations that might replace the resistant ones. The opinion proposed in this paper is that the effect of these combinations of fitness costs should be tested in antibiotic resistant bacteria with susceptible ones as controls. This testing might provide opportunities to increase the bacterial gut stress boosting physiological biomolecules or using dietary interventions. This approach to reduce the burden of antibiotic-resistant populations certainly must be answered empirically. In the end, the battle against antibiotic resistance should be won by antibiotic-susceptible organisms. Let us help them prevail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ice-binding proteins are crucial for the adaptation of various organisms to low temperatures. Some of these, called antifreeze proteins, are usually thought to inhibit growth and/or recrystallization of ice crystals. However, prior to these events, ice must somehow appear in the organism, either coming from outside or forming inside it through the nucleation process. Unlike most other works, our paper is focused on ice nucleation and not on the behavior of the already-nucleated ice, its growth, etc. The nucleation kinetics is studied both theoretically and experimentally. In the theoretical section, special attention is paid to surfaces that bind ice stronger than water and thus can be "ice nucleators", potent or relatively weak; but without them, ice cannot be nucleated in any way in calm water at temperatures above −30 °C. For experimental studies, we used: (i) the ice-binding protein mIBP83, which is a previously constructed mutant of a spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana antifreeze protein, and (ii) a hyperactive ice-binding antifreeze protein, RmAFP1, from a longhorn beetle Rhagium mordax. We have shown that RmAFP1 (but not mIBP83) definitely decreased the ice nucleation temperature of water in test tubes (where ice originates at much higher temperatures than in bulk water and thus the process is affected by some ice-nucleating surfaces) and, most importantly, that both of the studied ice-binding proteins significantly decreased the ice nucleation temperature that had been significantly raised in the presence of potent ice nucleators (CuO powder and ice-nucleating bacteria Pseudomonas syringae). Additional experiments on human cells have shown that mIBP83 is concentrated in some cell regions of the cooled cells. Thus, the ice-binding protein interacts not only with ice, but also with other sites that act or potentially may act as ice nucleators. Such ice-preventing interaction may be the crucial biological task of ice-binding proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic myopathies are a group of genetic disorders that affect the normal functioning of muscles due to abnormalities in metabolic pathways. These conditions result in impaired energy production and utilization within muscle cells, leading to limitations in muscle function with concomitant occurrence of related signs and symptoms, among which fatigue is one of the most frequently reported. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of muscle fatigue in these conditions is challenging for the development of an effective diagnostic and prognostic approach to test targeted therapeutic interventions. This paper outlines the key biomolecules involved in muscle fatigue in metabolic myopathies, including energy substrates, enzymes, ion channels, and signaling molecules. Potential future research directions in this field are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The early diagnosis of ALS can be challenging, as it usually depends on clinical examination and the exclusion of other possible causes. In this regard, the analysis of miRNA expression profiles in biofluids makes miRNAs promising non-invasive clinical biomarkers. Due to the increasing amount of scientific literature that often provides controversial results, this work aims to deepen the understanding of the current state of the art on this topic using a machine-learning-based approach. A systematic literature search was conducted to analyze a set of 308 scientific articles using the MySLR digital platform and the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm. Two relevant topics were identified, and the articles clustered in each of them were analyzed and discussed in terms of biomolecular mechanisms, as well as in translational and clinical settings. Several miRNAs detected in the tissues and biofluids of ALS patients, including blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), have been linked to ALS diagnosis and progression. Some of them may represent promising non-invasive clinical biomarkers. In this context, future scientific priorities and goals have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for a published paper titled "Multifunctional Injectable Hydrogel Loaded with Cerium-Containing Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles for Diabetic Wound Healing." The authors have identified errors in Figure 4A and in several sections of the paper, including the synthesis and characterization of BG/Ce-BG, in vivo wound healing in a diabetic skin defect model, and the wound healing effects on a diabetic skin defect model. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions of the paper are unaffected. The correction has been approved by the Academic Editor and the original publication has been updated. [Extracted from the article]

Currently, food losses represent a serious imbalance in the dimensions of availability and accessibility in the global food system in the short term. Therefore, Merah et al., 2020's results contributed and emphasized the valorization of cumin and its by-products toward health promoting compounds under a biorefinery concept. [Extracted from the article]

Agarophytes are important seaweeds of the Rhodophyta type, which have been highly exploited for industrial use as sources of a widely consumed polysaccharide of agar. In addition to that, sulfated galactans (SGs) from agarophytes, which consist of various functional sulfate groups, have attracted the attention of scientists in current studies. SGs possess various biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-diarrhea, and gut microbiota regulation properties. Meanwhile, the taxonomy, ecological factors, i.e., environmental factors, and harvest period, as well as preparation methods, i.e., the pretreatment, extraction, and purification conditions, have been found to influence the chemical compositions and fine structures of SGs, which have, further, been shown to have an impact on their biological activities. However, the gaps in the knowledge of the properties of SGs due to the above complex factors have hindered their industrial application. The aim of this paper is to collect and systematically review the scientific evidence about SGs and, thus, to pave the way for broader and otherwise valuable industrial applications of agarophytes for human enterprise. In the future, this harvested biomass could be sustainably used not only as a source of agar production but also as natural materials in functional food and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the development of modern drugs, drug resistance in oncology remains the main factor limiting the curability of patients. This paper shows the use of a group of hydrophobic statins to inhibit drug resistance (Pgp protein). In a chemoresistance melanoma cell model, viability, necroptosis with DNA damage, the absorption of the applied pharmaceuticals, and the functional activity of the ABCB1 drug transporter after administration of docetaxel or docetaxel with a selected hydrophobic statin were studied. Taxol-resistant human melanoma cells from three stages of development were used as a model: both A375P and WM239A metastatic lines and radial growth phase WM35 cells. An animal model (Mus musculus SCID) was developed for the A375P cell line. The results show that hydrophobic statins administered with docetaxel increase the accumulation of the drug in the tumor cell a.o. by blocking the ABCB1 channel. They reduce taxol-induced drug resistance. The tumor size reduction was observed after the drug combination was administrated. It was shown that the structural similarity of statins is of secondary importance, e.g., pravastatin and simvastatin. Using cytostatics in the presence of hydrophobic statins increases their effectiveness while reducing their overall toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]