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The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a phage cocktail against Pseudomonas fluorescens group and its effect on the microbial, physical and chemical properties of raw milk during different storage conditions. A phage cocktail consisting of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas tolaasii, and Pseudomonas libanensis phages was prepared. As a result, reductions in fluorescent Pseudomonas counts of up to 3.44 log units for the storage at 4 °C and 2.38 log units for the storage at 25 °C were achieved. Following the phage application, it is found that there was no significant difference in the total mesophilic aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae counts. However, it was observed that the number of lactic acid bacteria was higher in phage-treated groups. The results also showed that pH values in the phage added groups were lower than the others and the highest titratable acidity was obtained only in the bacteria-inoculated group. As a future perspective, this study suggests that, while keeping the number of target microorganisms under control in the milk with the use of phages during storage, the microbiota and accordingly the quality parameters of the milk can be affected. This work contributes to the development of effective strategies for maintaining the quality and extending the shelf life of milk and dairy products., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A novel Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain K220 T , was isolated from soil collected from Cape Andreas (Zafer Burnu), Northern Cyprus, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The organism was shown to have phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, cultural and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Saccharopolyspora. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain K220 T showed that it is closely related to the type strains of Saccharopolyspora maritima 3SS5-12  T , Saccharopolyspora kobensis JCM 9109  T and Saccharopolyspora hirsuta ATCC 27875  T with 97.6, 97.5 and 97.0% sequence similarity, respectively. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain K220 T and type strains of the genus Saccharopolyspora with publicly available genomes were 22.1-31.2% and 76.0-83.16%, respectively. The DNA G + C content of strain K220 T was 68.3 mol%. The genome of strain K220 T has genes associated with 24 biosynthetic gene clusters. The strain contained MK-9(H 4 ) and iso-C 16: 0 as the predominant respiratory quinone and fatty acid, respectively. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine. Based on evidence collected from the genotypic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain K220 T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is K220 T (= JCM 33912 T  = KCTC 49395 T )., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A novel Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain YC537 T , was isolated from lake sediment collected from Yenicaga Lake, Bolu, Turkey, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The organism had phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, cultural and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Streptomyces. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain YC537 T showed that it is closely related to the type strain of Streptomyces ziwulingensis F22 T (97.9% sequence similarity), Streptomyces tauricus JCM 4837  T (97.7%) and Streptomyces beijiangensis NBRC 100044  T (97.6%). The cell wall of the strain contained LL-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were glucose, galactose and ribose. The major phospholipids of strain YC537 T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The predominant menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H 6 ) and MK-9(H 8 ). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C 16:0 , iso-C 14:0 , anteiso-C 15:0 and iso-C 15:0 . Consequently, strain YC537 T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces boluensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YC537 T (= KCTC 39750  T  = DSM 102303  T ).

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming actinobacterial strain, designated 160415 T , was isolated from a surface soil sample, which was formed on basaltic parent material, collected from Samsun, Turkey. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 160415 T clustered closely with species of the genus Nonomuraea, and showed the highest sequence similarity to Nonomuraea zeae NEAU-ND5 T , Nonomuraea candida HMC10 T and Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926 T with 99.1%, 98.9% and 98.7%, respectively. Chemotaxonomic properties including major menaquinones, diaminopimelic acid, sugar and phospholipid profiles also confirmed the affiliation of the strain to the genus Nonomuraea. The DNA G+C content of strain 160415 T was 69.6 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between the strain and closely related type strains were less than the recommended cut-off values. On the basis of phylogenetic relationships, genotypic and phenotypic characterizations, strain 160415 T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea basaltis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 160415 T (= KCTC 39875 T  = DSM 104309 T ).

A Kribbella strain FSN23 T was isolated from soil sample which was collected from Caygoren Dam lakeside located in Sındırgı, Turkey. The isolate was investigated using a polyphasic approach consisting of numeric, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis. The isolate indicated chemotaxonomic, morphological and phylogenetic properties associated with members of the genus Kribbella. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequence of the strain demonstrated that the strain forms a subclade with K. aluminosa HKI 0478 T and K. jejuensis HD9 T . The organism formed an extensively branched substrate and aerial hyphae which generated spiral chains of spores with smooth surfaces. The cell wall contained LL-diaminopimelic acid, and the whole cell sugars were glucose and ribose along with trace amounts of mannose. The polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, four unidentified lipids and five unidentified polar lipids. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H 4 ). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C 15:0 and iso-C 16:0 . Polyphasic taxonomy properties confirm that strain FSN23 T represents a novel Kribbella taxon distinguished from closely related type strains. Hence, strain FSN23 T (=KCTC 29220 T  = DSM 27082 T ) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species with the name Kribbella sindirgiensis sp. nov.