1. Effect of legumes as part of a low glycemic index diet on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial
- Author
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John L. Sievenpiper, Chris M. Ireland, Balachandran Bashyam, David J. A. Jenkins, Sandhya Sahye-Pudaruth, Robert G. Josse, Lawrence A. Leiter, Edward Vidgen, Russell J. de Souza, Judy Coveney, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Laura Chiavaroli, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Arash Mirrahimi, Livia S. A. Augustin, and Sandra Mitchell
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Diet, Diabetic ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Glycemic ,2. Zero hunger ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,0303 health sciences ,Framingham Risk Score ,business.industry ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Fabaceae ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Endocrinology ,Glycemic index ,Hemoglobin A ,Diabetic diet ,Treatment Outcome ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Glycemic Index ,Female ,business - Abstract
Legumes, including beans, chickpeas, and lentils, are among the lowest glycemic index (GI) foods and have been recommended in national diabetes mellitus (DM) guidelines. Yet, to our knowledge, they have never been used specifically to lower the GI of the diet. We have therefore undertaken a study of low-GI foods in type 2 DM with a focus on legumes in the intervention.A total of 121 participants with type 2 DM were randomized to either a low-GI legume diet that encouraged participants to increase legume intake by at least 1 cup per day, or to increase insoluble fiber by consumption of whole wheat products, for 3 months. The primary outcome was change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values with calculated coronary heart disease (CHD) risk score as a secondary outcome.The low-GI legume diet reduced HbA1c values by -0.5% (95% CI, -0.6% to -0.4%) and the high wheat fiber diet reduced HbA1c values by -0.3% (95% CI, -0.4% to -0.2%). The relative reduction in HbA1c values after the low-GI legume diet was greater than after the high wheat fiber diet by -0.2% (95% CI, -0.3% to -0.1%; P.001). The respective CHD risk reduction on the low-GI legume diet was -0.8% (95% CI, -1.4% to -0.3%; P = .003), largely owing to a greater relative reduction in systolic blood pressure on the low-GI legume diet compared with the high wheat fiber diet (-4.5 mm Hg; 95% CI, -7.0 to -2.1 mm Hg; P.001).Incorporation of legumes as part of a low-GI diet improved both glycemic control and reduced calculated CHD risk score in type 2 DM.
- Published
- 2012