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The locality sensitive k-means clustering method has been presented recently. Although this approach can improve the clustering accuracies, it often gains the unstable clustering results because some random samples are employed for the initial centers. In this paper, an initialization method based on the core clusters is used for the locality sensitive k-means clustering. The core clusters can be formed by constructing the σ-neighborhood graph and their centers are regarded as the initial centers of the locality sensitive k-means clustering. To investigate the effectiveness of our approach, several experiments are done on three datasets. Experimental results show that our proposed method can improve the clustering performance compared to the previous locality sensitive k-means clustering.

In the present paper we introduce an approach to implementing parallel metaheuristic optimization frameworks which is used in the design of the framework HeO. This experimental cross-platform framework is a collection of popular optimization methods implemented in C++ as algorithmic skeletons. The key feature of the discussed approach is the wide usage of metaprogramming and design patterns which allow to increase the reusability of the code and ease the process of hybrid algorithms construction for the end-user. We consider framework structure and implementation details and provide the results of numerical experiments for some well-known optimization problems.

We present a new method to accurately tracking persons indoors by active RFID technology. To deal with nonlinear measurement model, the EKF(extended Kalman filter) is used to estimate the target trajectory. This paper developed the fusion estimation algorithm for the common indoor tracking problem with the reader at any location and fusion estimation with variable number of multi-sensor system. Simulations show the algorithm developed here can adaptively adjust the model parameter while tracking and obtain good estimation performance for indoor RFID tracking.

Allocation of spectrum resource is the key for heterogeneous wireless networks. Taking the differences between different types of access networks available channel bandwidth and the communication requirements of users into consideration on the basis of cognitive heterogeneous network spectrum resource allocation algorithm based on graph coloring theory, this paper introduces bandwidth control parameter and proposes a spectrum resource allocation algorithm based on user needs feedback, which improves the utilization and fairness of system spectrum resources.

Tibetan-Chinese named entity extraction is the foundation of cross language information processing, and provides a basis for machine translation and cross language information retrieval research. In this paper, we use the multi-language links of Wikipedia to obtain Tibetan-Chinese comparable corpus, and combine sentence length, word matching and entity boundary words together to get parallel sentence. Then we extract Tibetan-Chinese named entity from the comparable corpus in three ways: (1) Extracting Natural labeling information. (2) Acquiring the links of Tibetan entries and Chinese entries. (3) Using sequence intersection method, which includes the sentence representation, Chinese named entity recognition and corresponding Tibetan sentences intersection. Finally, the results show the extraction method based on comparable corpus is effective.

This paper proposed a new facial feature points localization algorithm based on main characteristics of eyes.Use the result of pupil center position to initialize the model of hybrid improved active shape model (ASM) and active appearance model (AAM). The algorithm will use two-dimensional local gray information to update the feature point position when using ASM to locate the face contour feature points. As to the internal features point location, it establishes facial organs independent AAM model. At the same time, it optimizes measure functions of ASM and AAM to judge the convergence of search algorithm. The experimental results show that the new algorithm greatly improved the localization accuracy of facial feature points.

Audio and video technology, multimedia technology and computer network technology are used in the stage video surveillance and scheduling system based on IP network, which is modern stage surveillance system.The stage video surveillance and scheduling system plays a decisive role in performance, so the performance of the key equipments must be apprehended.In this paper, the components of the system are briefly introduced;then analyze needed of the pivotal equipments in detail: network video, streaming media server and the IP SAN performance.

This study is focused on audio streaming synchronization problems of multimedia network. Audio streaming synchronization issues of multimedia network directly affect the development of multimedia technology. To this end, this paper presents a multimedia network audio stream synchronization method based on the whole node identification, with feature detection method to identify endpoint of audio streams in perception node, and an audio fingerprint is conducted for information of each node, then, mark the starting point of sync, and sync tasks are decomposed at each node, and finally the audio stream synchronization is achieved in the cluster head node, error correction adjustment and information correction are performed to reduce the energy consumption of cluster head node, enhance correction capability of information loss. The simulation results show that the synchronization delay of proposed algorithm is significantly reduced, which enhance the performance of the multimedia network.

Wavelet is a kind of mathematics tool rapid development in recent years and widely used in various areas of technology, Wavelet analysis of image processing is the most widely used and mature areas. Wavelet change based on the features, Using Matlab software, this paper analyses the wavelet in image decomposition, denoising, compression, reconstruction, etc . Concluded that the wavelet transform for image processing have ideal effect.

In analog electronic systems, characteristic information required for fault prognosis is achieved by test points of a board, so the selection and optimization of test points is an important topic for PHM research of electronic products. Current methods for selection of test points generally rely on functional simulation analysis or testability modeling analysis. Based on this, FMMEA method is introduced to find failure susceptibility components in this paper, moreover, through simulating and calculating the predictability of test points, the final test points are determined. As an example, a board level system is presented to validate this approach.

With the development of computer graphics, real-time rendering-based VF: technology has been applied in more and more fields. LOD is the key technology in large-scale terrain rendering. In this paper, the basic concept of LOD is introduced briefly and some algorithms of LOD in use are mentioned and analyzed; secondly as one of algorithms of LOD, View-Dependent Progressive Mesh algorithm is studied and improved, the result of implementing the large-scale terrain’s LOD by using VDPM is presented. There are key technologies in LOD Large-scale terrain real-time rendering are researched. Relative technologies are presented such as: LOD of the terrain, visibility culling, and cracks eliminate, view-dependent refine, LOD error, technologies of texture etc. Using LOD technology, VR system can greatly reduce the; number of polygons produced in real-time rendering procedure. Finally, we do experimental design work based on the methods and techniques presented by this paper.

In viewing of information overload environment,traditional search engine has inherent insufficiency about retrieval accuracy and query mode,together with the characteristics of decision tree algorithm and knowledge push,this paper presets an intelligent knowledge push model,and discuss the mechanism of this model.The model strive to improve the retrieval efficiency and realize the intelligent service.

Nowadays, face recognition has the rapid development with more in-depth study and more achievements. Many achievements have been applied in different fields which improves that the study of face recognition is valuable and meaningful. In this paper, a face recognition system based on the video stream is implemented. And the face recognition system consists of the following modules: face adding module, face recognition module, information querying module and global settings module. Among the all modules, face recognition modules is the core of the whole system in which completes the most of the work of the whole system. In practice, the results of the system are valuable and the system is able to meet the requirements of some applications.

Communication based train control system as a train control system is designed to ensure driving safety, the system description and system function of the real environment is driven by different types of data. Data security is an important component part of CBTC system security, the dynamic data as interactive data within the system is more important influence on system safety, it is necessary to put forward the formal modeling for dynamic data security verification. This paper puts forward a kind of dynamic data security verification method for train control system based on UPPAAL. The unified modeling language (UML) is adopted to train control scene modeling analysis, through model transformation method to convert the UML sequence diagram to timed automata model, using UPPAAL validation tool for train control scenario simulation analysis, through dynamic data to meet security constraint conditions shows that the dynamic data security.

This paper is concerned with the modelling of gear rattle in Roots blower vacuum pumps. Analysis of experimental data reveals that the source of the noise and vibration problem is the backlash nonlinearity due to gear teeth losing and re-establishing contact.We develop non- smooth ordinary differential equation models for the dynamics of the pump. The models include a time-dependent forcing term which arises from the imperfect, eccentric mounting of the gears. We use a combination of explicit construction, asymptotic methods and numerical techniques to classify complicated dynamic behaviour in realistic parametric regimes. We first present a linear analysis of motions where the gears do not lose contact, and develop upper bounds on eccentricity for quiet operation. We then develop a nonlinear analysis of ‘backlash oscillations’, where the gears lose and re-establish contact, corresponding to noisy pump operation. It is found that noisy solutions can coexist with silent ones, explaining why geared systems can rattle intermittently. We then consider several possible design solutions, and show their implications for pump design in terms of the existence and stability of silent and noisy solutions. Finally, we present conclusions and possibilities for future work.

To face the increasing demand for long lasting, versatile and performing machines, a detailed analysis of the load conditions is required especially when structural integrity assessment has to be achieved. Usually acquisitions of load histories are shorter than the machine working life and an extrapolation of the signal for the total service life is needed. Traditional methods for load spectra extrapolation are based on conservative choices in terms of worst case scenario. Methods based on extreme value statistics have been developed. The problem addressed in this paper concerns the extrapolation of load histories on a welded boom in which different manoeuvres are superimposed. Different ways of extrapolating the load measurement have been derived, both in time domain and in Markov domain, in order to account for the superposition of bigger and more damaging cycles and smaller cycles caused by two different service operations.

This paper provides an overview of four key challenges for structural integrity assessment methods: surface technology and incubation / initiation of defects, microstructural effects on weld performance, realistic loading and defect morphologies and thermal / irradiation effects on materials and structures. These challenges will be met by the application of emerging experimental and numerical methods which will facilitate the development of a mechanistic understanding of these four challenges alongside mechanistically-based models to enable the reliable prediction of component performance outside the available database of materials behaviour.

The virtual fields method is a tool dedicated to the identification of the mechanical properties of materials from full-field deformation measurements. It is now validated in elasticity and plasticity but one of the remaining problems is the fact that researchers wanting to use the method must invest significant time in order to programme the routines. To help them, a software called CamFit has been developed. The purpose of this paper is to present this software. It is based on MATLAB® and uses a graphical pre-processing interface to produce the geometry, the conditions on the virtual fields, to choose the type of behaviour etc... Then, series of displacement maps are uploaded and the identification is launched. Since no iterative solution of the direct problem is required, computation times are very small compared to updating techniques. An important step in the procedure is the smoothing of the displacement measurements to produce strains. FE based approximations are presently available in the software. The final purpose is to introduce the software onto the market. This will be done in the very near future.

To reduce the complexity and difficulty of costing of quality of manufactures, a new approach about the costing of quality including the method, structure, system and case study based on the business process rule is proposed in the paper. Comparing with the traditional method, the new idea can improve the performance of the costing of quality at the aspect of generalization, customization, evolution and reconfiguration by establish the mapping among the user application, the business rule and the business process.

E-Hubs as new entrants with new business models pour into the business-to-business space; it's increasingly difficult to make sense of the landscape. Electronic hubs--Internet-based intermediaries that host electronic marketplaces and mediate transactions among businesses--are generating a lot of interest. This paper provides a blueprint of the E-Hubs arena. Conceptual specification of functional system, comprising the selection of core E-Hubs services and definition of basic hosting platform of the E-Hubs realization business development plan, Conceptual framework for Manufacturing Resource Management System designs based on E-hubs.

E-manufacturing and Global Manufacturing Technologies have been widely employed for the Manufacturing Industry. The supplier selection and evaluation is one of the key events to achieve E-manufacturing and Global Manufacturing Technologies successfully. The paper shows the research work has been done in the university and shows the developed innovational tool for the supplier selection in PC industry.

With the fast deploying and development of information sharing technologies, the Internet has been extensively applied by modern enterprises to pursue a good, efficient communication with their customers and thus research activities supported by global companies zealously motivate onto the Internet which can be used to advertise their products and provide relevant information within design and manufacturing process. Modern enterprises of manufacturing utilize the benefits of global resource from Internet to make the solution which could cut cycle time and reduce costs during the procedure of product design, development and manufacturing. Due to positive development of graphic technologies and 3D modelling tools, Internet is used as an infrastructure to develop new system and explore potential market by modern enterprises on account of the power of sharing text, value and data but also supports dynamic media such as delivering of high quality and interactive 3D graphical content. In the meantime, much work has been done by companies and numerous modelling systems have been developed to build three-dimensional detailed solid which focuses on designing useful parts and shapes using CAD/CAM technologies. Regarding to the increasing quantities of 3D models and requirement of designers based on design reuse in practice, the investigations suggest the achievement of shape data retrieval is viable and a characteristic 3D model search tool is welcome. This paper presents the framework of web-based system and technologies applied in design and the related barrier to implementation is identified. A method for collection 3D data is described and inevitable recursive analysis and relevant equation are induced.

This paper aims to investigate the relationship among business strategies and business performance in global and local manufacturing companies. The research is based an International Manufacturing Strategy Survey (IMSS2005) of about 700 companies from more than 20 countries. We first proposed a new method to construct a generic measure of business performance from the available performance measures in IMSS. Based on this new measure we developed a simple discriminant analysis to allocate each entry (company in the IMSS) into a particular category of business performance. Of course we performed some statistical tests to confirm the validity of this classification. We then analysed the contribution (importance) of various environmental and competitive variables to each category of the generic business performance in order to identify the most influential variables and notice of their difference among different business performances. This was done intuitively using graphical analysis, but we also carried out statistical tests to confirm that companies at different performance levels do operate at different environments and pay different attentions to competitive strategies. The models we developed are simple but novel and very practical. The results showed significant differences among business performances in terms of influential variables, and we conclude that this method can also be used to analyse other part of the data from the IMSS.

The technology of product configuration in a Product Data Management (PDM) system was discussed in this paper. The paper presented the product configuration modeling technology by based on the ‘and/or’ tree of product configuration, the process relation and coupling relation between components, and then, a general model of the product configuration scheme was proposed. The product configuration algorithm based on the product configuration scheme was also introduced and the feasibility from the theory model to the program was proved. The paper also discussed the application of Case-Based Reasoning(CBR) technology in product configuration, and, the emphasis was given towards the similar component search by the Nearest Neighbor(N-N) method. Finally, the product configuration technology was implemented on hydro-generator design process, and the result indicated this technology was valuable to realize intelligentization and automation of product configuration.

Conceptual design for the mechanical products is the most important and complex phase. Most of the human’s creativity is exhibited in this phase. So many researchers in the world have made researches on its theory and methodology. So far there exists an evident limitation for the modern conceptual design methodology. That is to say, the design scheme obtained form conceptual design is only one solution to the given design problem, which cannot guarantee the creativity and novelty of the design scheme. In order to improve the creativity of conceptual design, the re-creation process model for the intelligent conceptual design is presented in this paper based on function-behavior-structure model. This model expanded the problem’s solution space by degrading the space of behavior and granularity, and describing the behavior space using the more basic behavior. The key of re-creation process model is the transformation of behavior and granularity space. Taking the theory of quotient space as the math description tool, the transformation for the space of behavior and granularity is studied in detail in this paper. At last, an example is given to prove that it is easy to obtain the novel and creative design scheme applying the method presented in this paper.

Currently, Internet/Intranet-based enterprise knowledge management for product life-cycle plays a very important role. For modern enterprises, knowledge management is applied to enhance the core power of competition and development. The internet/intranet-based enterprise knowledge management will be helpful to all the stages of the whole product life-cycle, including the excavation of knowledge, verification flow, knowledge sharing and innovation, coding management technology, knowledge attribute view and application knowledge-unit technology etc. This paper mainly discusses how to implement overall structure of networked knowledge management, construction, key technology specification and practical application of enterprises.

Most of workflow management systems in the market are based on centralized defining in the organization. Further more, they have poor ability to describe the complex process, and have difficulty to deal with the business process share between cross-organizations. To support virtual and cross-organizational workflows in distributed environment, WfMSs must realize cross-organizational and distributed management to improve the dependability and extensible etc. To solve these issues, a Web-based lightweight process modeling system has been developed in this paper. This system is based on Java and XML technology, and provides friendly GUI which is easy to be used. The model document can be saved in XML format, so the interoperation between different workflow products becomes easy. This system establishes the base for enacting the WfMSs.

Facility layout plays an important role in the performance of manufacturing systems. Firstly, this paper describes the derivations and classification of facility layout problem (FLP). The concepts of static facility layout problem (SFLP), dynamic facility layout problem (DFLP) and robust layout problem are introduced, and their main performance characteristics are compared with each other. Then, the procedure of rearrangement costs in DFLP is proposed. Some main characteristics of SFLP and DFLP, DFLP and robust layout are compared respectively. Lastly, the difference and connection among SFLP, DFLP and robust layout are analyzed. The research results indicate that the dynamic facility layout and robust layout are suitable for the dynamic and changeable manufacturing systems. The method for development of DFLP and its implementation are presented based on SFLP and robust layout.

In order to realize general management of PCBN tool multimedia information, this paper set up multimedia cutting database of PCBN tool on the platform of Visual Basic, mainly applied database interface technology of Visual Basic and database management system of Microsoft SQL Server 2000. Aimed at the characteristic of large video data, handling relative path was brought forward as a method. Practice proved that handling relative path could realize all functions the database needed, and increase system running speed, general management of PCBN tool information under different machining conditions was realized.

Machining hardened steels has become an important manufacturing process, particularly in the automotive and bearing industries. Hardened steel GCr15 with its harness between HRC50 and HRC65 is one kind of more difficult machining material. Abrasive processes such as grinding have typically been required to machine hardened steels, but advances in machine tools and a new cutting material of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) have allowed hard turning on modern lathes to seems to gain an ever increasing industrial acceptance as an economically and environmentally friendly alternative to many grinding applications. In this paper, based on large deformation theory and updated Lagrangian procedure, a coupled thermo-mechanical plane strain orthogonal precision cutting model with general finite element analysis software is developed to the influence of cutting edge preparation on the cutting of GCr15 with PCBN tool, such as cutting forces, shear angle, and cutting temperature. The three major designs of cutting edge preparation are used on most commercial cutting inserts: a) sharp edge, b) honed edge, and c) chamfer edge. The friction between the tool and the chip is assumed to follow a shear model and the local adaptive remeshing technique is used for the formation of chip. The calculated principle cutting forces are compared with published data and found to be in good agreement. The simulation results can be used as a practical tool both by researchers and toolmakers to design new tools with rational tool edge and to optimize the cutting process.

In this paper the model of special metal cutting NC machine Tool is presented, which consists of a base module, an overall control module, particular functional modules as well as a relation module. Each module involved in aforementioned model will be composed by software, hardware and mechanical parts, so as to combine the convergence of the ideas of modularization and mechanical-electrical integration into current understanding of special NC machine tool through the proposed model. Specially, the relation module is introduced to deal with the linking among all the other modules. The presented model aims to broaden the perspective of machine designers intending to increase the efficiency in machine design. By giving the so-called function unit model a novel modeling approach is delivered to carry out control research of special metal cutting NC machine, which is followed by the formalization description method presented as a possible abstraction methodology towards the efficient description and identification of special metal cutting NC machine tool.

Cutting parameters play an essential role in the economics of machining. In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO), a novel optimization algorithm for cutting parameters optimization (CPO), was discussed comprehensively. First, the fundamental principle of PSO was introduced; then, the algorithm for PSO application in cutting parameters optimization was developed; thirdly, cutting experiments without and with optimized cutting parameters were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of optimization, respectively. The results show that the machining process was improved obviously.

These online tools, led by the Google Earth virtual globe, are changing the way we interact with spatial data. This paper focused on how to develop a virtual globe-based interactive service system for risk assessment of dam-break in Barrier Lake. Unlike existing work, virtual globe technology was used as a medium for geographic visualization and analysis. Moreover, GIS spatial analysis and real-time interactive operation with the service system will also be implemented to support the simulation analysis of dab-break flood routing. The experimental results show that the scheme developed in this paper is efficient and feasible.

On the basis of the shortage on traditional workflow management system, a workflow management system framework integrated with Web Services is put forward in this paper. By discussing the application practice on Web Services and workflow management technology in logistics system, which shows that this scheme can perform integration on many enterprises.

Based on the RP-SP data collected in the holiday travel behavior survey in 2013, this paper analyzed the impact effect of integrated multimodal travel information (IMTI) on the holiday trip chain characteristics. General statistical analysis is adopted to compare the trip chain structural characteristics, spatial-temporal characteristics and the mode split under the IMTI service or not. The results show that, under the influence of IMTI, 9% of the travelers will cancel their trips and 13% will change their trip mode. Moreover, the pre-trip information has a significant influence on the activity point number, trip chain length and travel time, has moderate influence on activity duration, and has weak influence on transfer time and trip distance. On the other hand, the en-route information has weak influence on the trip chain structure and spatiotemporal characteristics.

This paper details progress in the application of a methodology for acoustic emission (AE) detection and interpretation for the monitoring of fatigue fractures in large-scale industrial environments. The approach makes use of a number of novel signal processing techniques. An online radius-based clustering algorithm (ORACAL) is used to identify clusters of data, both in the spatial domain (locating AE sources) and in the feature domain (identifying candidate fracture processes). The paper proposes a new approach to the identification of AE waveforms produced by crack propagation; rather than seeking to identify the waveform features characteristic of a fracture event, the new method looks for specific patterns of clustering in the feature space. The approach is validated by a full-scale experiment. An artificial acoustic emission source, representative of a fatigue fracture, was injected into a test of a substantial landing gear component. A commercial AE monitoring system was then used to successfully locate and identify the source in a blind test using the new signal processing methodology. The method was successful on two of three experiments performed and the position of the artificial source was determined accurately; further analysis shows that the unsuccessful test appears to have occurred due to incorrect mounting of the artificial source.

Emergency communication refers to the appearance of natural or man-made sudden emergencies, which comprehensively use various communication resources to guarantee the emergency rescue and necessary communication. Emergency communication system requires not only mobile, but also rapid response and wide range. According to these requirements, the paper establishes a process model based on Object-oriented Petri net. The application shows that the model can be used to conveniently describe the dynamic and uncertainty characteristics of emergency communication tasks, which can reduce the complexity of process organization and provide the conditions for fast restructuring and integrating functions of module tasks.

In order to further enhance the transmission capacity of the downlink communication, to improve the utilization of limited resources, the terminal could better demodulate data,LTE-A system increased and supplemented the downlink reference signals and gave the 8 antennas for the reference signal configuration. This paper based on the LTE downlink reference signals and analyzed the efficiency of the LTE-A (LTE-Advance) downlink reference signals. Finally, paper drew the LTE-A downlink reference signals for communication by the flowchart and simulated resource utilization and the maximum number of available resources. The simulation results reflect the LTE-A downlink reference signals have a greater transmission capacity, and confirm the LTE-A downlink reference signals effectiveness and practicality.

This paper proposes a methodology to analyze the resolution and variations in the positions of the 3RRR planar parallel mechanism driven by electrical actuators of discrete steps. This methodology consists of graphing and plotting all the possible combinations of angular movements of a three legs mechanism. This generates a “cloud of points” that will be the boundary of the control limits, so as to find the closest trajectory to a straight line. It was found that resolution, accuracy, and the approximation error improves when micro-steps are employed. For this purpose, it is necessary to determine direct and inverse kinematics, in order to calculate the workspace. A prototype was built to validate the methodology proposed.

In general, production control of digital workshops is a complicated systematical engineering. Because of lacking the methods and means of acquiring the manufacturing data in real time, the traditional production control methods cannot satisfy the real production control requirement of digital workshops. In this paper, we put forward an intelligent control system for digital workshop production. The main contributions include three aspects: Firstly, we introduce and adopt Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology as a means to acquire the manufacturing information in real time produced by the bottom-level manufacturing devices. Secondly, we develop the wcPML (workshop control with Physical Markup Language) and utilize it to act as a media to realize the information visualized description and transmission between the top-level control systems and bottom-level manufacturing sites of workshops. Thirdly, we adopt Java Web technology and wireless LAN to build the infrostructure for the intelligent control system for workshop production. Some key enabling technologies for the intelligent control system also are presented and described following with some concluding remarks.

To effectively realize the collaboration in manufacturing processes for extended enterprises, this paper provided a service-driven networked collaborative manufacturing execution platform and its framework based upon the analysis of requirements for networked collaborative manufacturing, and the components of the platform were deeply studied. Furthermore, the collaborative operation processes were studied from three processes which include the process of manufacturing resource services modeling and register, the process of manufacturing task committing and manufacturing execution chain generation, and the process of manufacturing execution chain execution and monitoring. The study of this paper provided a feasible system and operation mode for the extended enterprises in manufacturing process collaboration.

The PID controllers can be seen in lots of fields, but some complex control system cannot be controlled to achieve a desired performance index. A design method of the fuzzy PID controller that is based on the fuzzy tuning rules and formed by integrating two above control ideas is proposed in this paper. The design procedure about fuzzy PID control can be divided two steps: the first step is to build the fuzzy tuning rules by analysis, and to obtain the parameters of PID controller by reasoning, and then the control action can be determined by the PID control law. The simulation results and the practical control effects show that the compound fuzzy PID controller has better performance than that of the conventional PID control system and meet the practical demands.

Workflows provide the automation of business processes for streamline organization structure, increase efficiency, and reduce costs. In this paper, we propose a new scheme called Dynamic Group Service Recommendation (DGSR) which comprises group setup, joining group, group recommendation and verification phase. The simulation results demonstrate that DGSR significantly boosts the performance of active services. This group service recommender system is especially beneficial to concurrent transmissions of shared data in migrating workflows.

In a dynamic environment of e-commerce, different business entities expect to interact with each other and have their transaction time include its cost minimized. In this paper, the concept of agent and multi-agent, as well as their structure, were introduced. At the same time, the negotiation protocol, negotiation strategies and the negotiation mechanism were also researched for e-commerce negotiation. The agent technology was exploited, based on which, the negotiation system was developed. This platform would improve negotiation efficiency by saving time and cost for e-commerce.

Process interoperability is important to achieve collaborative product design across enterprise boundaries. In this paper, first analyzes interoperability requirements in collaborative design process. Then the Process Specification Language (PSL) is introduced to design process modeling and PSL description method of design process information is given. In the end, a process interoperability framework is established based on PSL ontology and main function of modules are discussed. The framework provides an effective solution for information exchange and sharing among different process management systems in collaborative product design.

Workflow access control is an important issue in workflow security. Although there exist some standards for security of Web services and access control for services in distributed systems are well studied, there is a lack of comprehensive approach in access control for web services, especially in workflow. This paper proposes a service oriented workflow model and its access control model. The basic authorization unit is task service which is an abstraction of task in the access control model. In this context, we present the dynamic separation of duty based on task services and their conflict relations. Furthermore, we show this model satisfies access control requirements in workflow.

In order to meet the requirement of mass customization and rapid response design, a hierarchical parameterized modeling method of parts and components library is proposed. The library of parts and components is building up with NX/Open development tools based on the three-dimensional design software platform. According to this method, the master model technique is integrated with top-down modeling method to facilitate the parameterized modeling and variant design of product family. The parameterized modeling process is also demonstrated in details in this paper. As an example, a tools management system for NC machine tools rapid design is developed. It shows hierarchical parameterized modeling method is a practical and effective method of constructing the product resources library.

This paper presents an extended object model for case-based reasoning in product configuration design. In the extended object model a few of methods of knowledge expression are adopted such as constraints, rules, objects etc. On the basis of extended object model, case representation model for case-based reasoning is applied to product configuration design system. The product configuration knowledge can be represented by the extended object. The model can support all the processes of case-based reasoning in product configuration design such as case representation, indexing, retrieving and case revising. The model extends traditional object-oriented model by including the relationship class used to express the relation between the cases, constraints class used in the product configuration knowledge representation, index class used in case retrieving, solution class used in case revise. So the product configuration knowledge that used in the product configuration design can be represented by using this model. In the end a Metering pump product configuration design systems is developed on the basis of the proposed product configuration model to support customized products.

In this paper, a hybrid method of correlation analysis based on the gray theory and the least squares support vector machine is proposed to model the thermal error of spindle of NC machine tool and predict the thermal error. The gray correlation analysis is used to optimize the measuring points of spindle. The optimum measuring points and the measured thermal error of spindle are regarded as the data to be trained to build the thermal error prediction model based on the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM). The results show that the thermal error prediction model based on LS-SVM of NC machine tool has advantages of high precision and good generalization performance. The prediction model can be used in real-time compensation of NC machine tool and can prove the process precision and reduce cost.

Business process flexibility (BPF) is critical for enterprises in improving their competition abilities. In this paper, the business process flexible degree is introduced firstly. Then, the BPF is divided into three tiers, and each flexible degree is described. At last, an optimization model for business process flexibility is built for a process design.