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Heat treatment is one of the environmental friendly ways to treat timber that will lead to the improvement of timber natural quality and equip the timber with new properties. It is an eco friendly and alternative treatment method that will modify the properties of timber by using high temperature instead of using chemical preservatives as common practice. This paper presents the effect of heat treatment on physical properties which is density for two types of Malaysia hardwood namelykapurandkeruing. Specially design electronic furnace was used as an oven for the heat treatment process. The result shows a reduction in density after heat treatment, however the difference is not merely significant. Lower in density indicates a weight loss which theoretically caused by moisture content loss thus leading to the increment of movement stability.

In recent years, there have been a number of interests on the Palm Oil (PO) and Coconut Oil (CO) as a potential alternative dielectric insulating fluid in transformers which stimulate different types of studies on these oils properties. Among the important studies is the lightning impulse properties. This paper presents the investigation on the lightning impulse breakdown voltage of PO and CO under non-uniform electric field. The PO used in this study is Refined, Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) Olein type. The influence of the testing methods, rising-voltage and up-and-down are investigated at 2 gap distances for both oils. It was found that the lightning breakdown voltage performance for some of the RBDPO and CO are comparable to MO.

This paper presents the results of heat and compression effects on moisture content and water absorption properties in the manufacturing of disposable plate made from Pineapple Leaf Fiber-based material (PALF). The plate was made of PALF and sugarcane bagasse waste as an alternative to polystyrenes, designed to promote the green technology effort on food packaging material. Two different specimens were produced with different compositions of PALF/sugarcane bagasse series N2T8 ( 20 wt% of Pineapple leaf fiber and 80 wt% of sugarcane bagasse ) and series N8T2 ( 80 wt% of Pineapple leaf fiber and 20 wt% of sugarcane bagasse). The specimens were produced using a hot press machine set at compressing temperatures of 50°C, 100°C and 150°C with constant pressure of 0.024 MPa for 10 minutes. Moisture content and water absorption tests were carried out on the specimens to determine the moisture content and water absorption properties. The lower water absorption was obtained for specimen N8T2 because PALF potential to water resistance. This range of properties is expected to be good enough for the requirement of disposable plate and it has the potential as a suitable raw material for strength and lightweight in the manufacturing of disposable plates.

In this paper, storage effect on biodiesel properties for high blending ratio and the emission are evaluated. The blend level of biodiesel is denoted as B, followed by the percentages of pure biodiesel. The samples used are conventional diesel (STD), B80, B90 and B100 were stored at ambient temperature (24 °C) for nine week. The properties of biodiesel, acid value, flash point, viscosity, density and water content were measured according to ASTM D6751 biodiesel fuel standard. Results show there are no significant effects on it properties while stored in long duration at ambient temperature. Meanwhile, increasing biodiesel ratio is found to enhance the combustion process, resulting in decreased the HC for emissions.

This paper represents the results of using phycoremediation technology in treating the wastewater produced from food stall activity by using microalgae of Scenedesmus sp. in removal of heavy metals. Phycoremediation has advantages over physic-chemical approaches as it is can completely degrade organic pollutants without destroy the surrounding flora and fauna. Aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of microalgae Scenedesmussp to assimilate the pollutant load based on the optimum time and concentration. Characteristics of food stall wastewater need to be identified and analyse before phycoremediation process taken place. The wastewater sampling was collected at food stall during peak time i.e. at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. to be injected to the batch reactor based on five (5) different concentration cells. The results shows that the optimum removal of heavy metals are dominant by concentration no. 1 (C1) compare to other concentration in the treatment i.e. removal of Ferum by 88.22% and 69.63%, Copper by 60% and 53.85% at both sampling time while removal of zinc is dominant by concentration no.4 (C4) by 75.61% and 76.63% respectively.

Biomediated soil improvement, a promising new branch of microbial geotechnology; which involved multi disciplines has successfully attracted abundant attentions among researchers, geotechnical engineers, and other industries practitioners. Few of the researches were conducted to examine the potential implementation of this technique on tropical residue soil. However, the uncertainties outcomes and inconsistency of bio mediated soil improvement, especially on the clayed soil have made this technique remained at the laboratory stage. Therefore, this paper intended to provide better understanding of this technique by investigating the relation between the bacteria, cementation reagents, and tropical residue soil. The residual soil was mixed with facultative anaerobe bacteria, Bacillus Subtilis before it was compacted into a prefabricated PVC mould. The soil samples were treated with different treatment condition such as (1) control or untreated, (2) treated with cementation solution, (3) treated with bacteria only, and (4) treated with bacteria and Cementation reagent. A worth noting finding showed that the sample treated with bacteria and nutrient only has produced the highest increment of shear strength. This phenomenon might have been caused by the effect of the chemical reagent to the mineralogy of residue soil. The presence of the chemical reagents is believed to have weakened the shear strength of the tropical residual soil.

A portable electronic nose (e-nose) using low-cost dynamic headspace and commercially metal oxide gas sensors has been developed. This paper reports evaluation on the performance of the e-nose to classify vegetable oils (sunflower and grape seed oils) and animal fats (mutton, chicken and pig fats). The e-nose consists of a dynamic headspace sampling, a gas sensor array and a real-time data acquisition system based on ATMega-16 microcontroller. The dynamic headspace can divided into two chambers, i.e. sample and gas sensor array room. It is also equipped with three small fans for adjusting sensing and purging processes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for measurement data analysis after all features being extracted. The first two principal components were kept because they accounted for 91.1% of the variance in the data set (first and second principals accounted for 72.9, 18.2% of the variance, respectively). This results show that the e-nose can distinguish vegetable oils and animal fats. This work demonstrates for the future that the e-nose with low-cost dynamic headspace technique may be applied to the identification of oils and fats in halal authentication.

Malaysia has an abundance of agro waste material that have not been fully utilized to a maximum production. Thus, the finding of a new alternative fiber in non wood material will be favorable in paper production. Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) is the common tropical plant, which consists of coalesced berries. This pineapple is leading member of the family of Bromeliaceae and it came from genusAnanas. Fiber bundle from pineapple leaf can be separated from the cortex where it reveals the pineapple leaf fiber in multi-cellular and lignocelluloses pattern. This leaf has a ribbon-like structure and cemented together by lignin, pentosan-like materials, where it contributes to the strength of fiber [7]. All parts in pineapple from fruits to leaves could be consumed to give a health benefit for human life. Pineapple had been used as textile fiber, anti-inflammatory and also anti-helminthic agent. According to the FAO online database, the Malaysian country had consumed 255,000 tones per year and in third position in the world of consuming pineapple production. Pineapple is mainly produced as canned fruits and also coarse textiles in some Southeast Asian countries. Leaves of pineapple had been used as coarse textiles because of the fiber composition and structure inside the leaves [3]. All fibrous in non wood materials especially pineapple leaf consists of cellulose, holocellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin along with some extraneous material called extractives such as gum and resin. Previous research indicates pineapple leaf fiber contained higher cellulose content than wood fiber. Pineapple leaf fibers also consist of lignin [23], an adhesive component that binds the cellulose and hemicellulose. Pineapple leaf fiber had the lowest lignin content than other alternative fiber, which is favorable during chemical processing [12]. The chemical composition aspects have been considered in the previous literature, such as banana stem, coconut and oil palm and had been reported extensively. Pineapple leaf reported has a lowest lignin (10.5%) rather than banana stem (18.6%), oil palm (20.5%) and coconut (32.8%) that suggest can undergo bleaching more easily and have high fiber strength [12]. Besides that, pineapple leaf contains high holocelulose content (87.6%) than banana stem (65.2%), oil palm (83.5%) and coconut (56.3%) [11]. Those properties depend on the content of chemical composition in the pineapple leaf fiber, which is cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin content [15].

‘Sonication - cryptic growth’ technology can reduce 30-80% excess sludge in wastewater treatment systems. Various mechanisms contribute to the sludge reduction but the role of each one is unclear. This paper quantitatively studied the potential mechanisms in ‘sonication - cryptic growth’. The operation condition was: every day 20% sludge was sonicated under 1.2 Wml-1 for 15 min and then returned to the wastewater treatment reactor for cryptic growth. The results showed that under such conditions, ‘sonication - cryptic growth’ reduced the excess sludge by 57.3% and the effluent met the national discharge standard. Multiple mechanisms were involved in the process. Detailed analysis showed that the ‘lysis-cryptic growth’ mechanism was the most important one and accounted for 49.1% of sludge reduction. Biodegradation of residual sludge was the second important one and contributed 19.5%. Other potential mechanisms included the altered microbial community, longer sludge retention time, and accumulation of persistent materials. But organic load increase had virtually no impact.

Sugar industry is one of the vital sectors in improving the economy of any country. But, sugar industries are striving hard to increase their profitability due to high cost of sugar production accompanied with low selling price. Without resorting to radical restructuring of sugar plant, but through proper planning, annual savings can be improved. One of the artifices to address this issue is through improving the quality of sugar so that selling price can be increased which in turn generates more revenue to the plant. The Juice Sulphitation process, as applied in the manufacturing of sugar, is a subject of such wide-spread interest. The mixed juice from the mills contains soluble and non-soluble suspended non-sugars. These impurities are to be precipitated by the judicious and controlled addition of Milk of Lime (CaO) and subsequent neutralization by Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) gas. This paper attempts to improve the quality of sugar by optimizing the quantity of lime (in the form of milk of lime) and sulphur (in the form of SO2 gas) added in the juice sulphitation process of a sugar plant. Two factor factorial experimentation was adopted to obtain an optimal combination of lime and sulphur quantities. Data of Transmittancy test on sugar juice was collected by varying the quantities of lime and sulphur. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) table was plotted which explored the significant effects of individual treatments and interaction effects. Further to this, comparison of treatment means was carried out to find out the best treatment combination values for achieving the optimal quality of sugar from sugarcane.

In order to develop good antibacterial-fire retardant bamboo pulp/cotton tufted carpet, the paper selects the antibacterial agent and flame retardant, the antibacterial finishing agent adopts FK732 and FK822, the flame retardant adopts DM-07, the flame retardant finishing and antibacterial finishing process is optimized, the optimization of the finishing process is determined. Antibacterial performance and flame retardant performance of tufted carpet are tested by the authoritative organization, bacteriostatic rate is greater than 99.9%, tufted carpets have good anti-mite effect and good flame retardant performance.

Graphene is a material that has been heavily investigated in many researches due to its beneficial characteristics such as large surface area, low manufacturing cost, high electro conductivity and incredible mechanical strength. Applying the graphene in water-based solvents however can cause agglomeration due to its hydrophobic properties. Researchers have composited the graphene with other materials in overcoming its hydrophobicity. In this research, graphene was nanocomposited with thionine to make it disperse well in water-based solvents while preserving its intrinsic properties. The nanocomposition process involves mixing of both graphene oxide with thionine and were reduced by hydrazine hydrate while reflux heating. The produced mixture was then filtered to obtain the Thionine-Graphene nanocomposite. The obtained sample was then characterized to confirm the composition of both graphene and thionine. Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy was operated to investigate the chemical bonds and hence concluding the presence of both graphene and thionine in the sample. The preservation of the intrinsic properties of graphene was also investigated through observing the absence of functionalized graphene bonds. Post-investigation reports that the chemical bonds from both of the materials, graphene and thionine were detected confirming the successfulness of the nanocomposition.

This research reports the effects of rice husk ash and brick waste on the properties of construction brick. Clay is the raw material for producing brick. Both rice husk ash and brick waste are waste materials which can be added to clay to produce better quality brick with lower cost. Bricks of size 77mm x 38mm x 26mm were produced by stiff mud process. Three different sized rice husk ash and brick waste were used in different amounts (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by volume) as a partial replacement of clay while preparing the bricks. Some properties like drying and firing shrinkage, bulk density, and cold crushing strength were measured. There was decrease in drying and firing shrinkage, slight reduction in bulk density and decrease in cold crushing strength with increasing the rice husk ash and brick waste particle percentages.

This research studied the electricity production from organic wastes fermentation by microbial fuel cell by using a single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC). Two sizes (1 L and 10 L) of simple SCMFC were fabricated by using a cylindrical plastic tank which anode compartment and cathode compartment separated by plastic plate with hole and covered with cotton fabric. The anode electrode contacted with organic matter and microorganisms where anaerobic reaction occurred to generate electron and proton. The electrons transferred through an external circuit while the protons diffused through the solution to the cathode electrode for reducing oxygen to water. From the study of the effect of different electrode types (carbon graphite rod, zinc metal, and copper metal) to the electricity generation using the SCMFC size 1 L in fermentation with synthetic sweetness solution (22%Brix) and the effective microorganism (EM) for 36 hrs, it found that the fuel cell which used copper metal as electrode produced electricity increasing over the times and has more efficient than the other electrode types. The study of electricity generation from organic waste fermentation by using the SCMFC size 10 L and using copper metal as electrode, the results showed that the fermentation of pineapple waste produced the current density, potential density, and power density higher than the fermentation of bananas and the fermentation of food garbage with EM. An optimal period of time for the production of electricity from this microbial fuel cell is the first five days of fermentation that the cells has voltage »500 mV, the current density 25.52 mA m-2, potential density 104.69 V m-2 and power density 12.59 mW m-2, and then decline over time five days (120 hrs). Moreover the bio-liquid fertilizer and the residues from the fermentation can be further used in agricultural because of the nutrient content (N, P, K), organic carbon and organic material contents available.

In this present work, the impact of blending n-butyl alcohol, a next generation biofuel with jatropha biodiesel on the performance of a diesel engine are examined. Tests were performed on a constant speed compression ignition engine using n-butyl alcohol / jatropha biodiesel blends. N-butyl alcohol was added to jatropha biodiesel by 10, 20 and 30% by volume. Performance parameters namely break thermal efficiency (BTE), Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) were analyzed in this work. It was experimentally found that by adding n-butyl alcohol to neat jatropha biodiesel, significant reduction in viscosity was observed. In addition, break thermal efficiency was increased by 0.8 % due to improved atomization of the blends. Further, brake specific fuel and exhaust gas temperature was further reduced due to lower viscosity and improved combustion rate with addition of n-butyl alcohol to jatropha biodiesel.

Oil palm frond was utilized as a fiber biomass material for investigating the strength of the fiber bricks. This research aimed to enhance the potential of oil palm frond utilization to produce bio-fiber brick. It was developed as a composite material to be a choice for industrial construction, decorative interior, or others relevant. Plaster of Paris was identified as a binder of oil palm frond bricks. The oil palm frond, mixed with the plaster of Paris, was tested with three variable ratios of 0.5:0.5, 0.4:0.6, and 0.3:0.7 for brick production. In the performed tests and examinations, the characteristic properties of oil palm frond size, density, and compressive strength were analyzed. The results showed that the oil palm frond can be used to reinforce the fiber brick. It can increased the quality of plaster of Paris bricks of light weight, high modulus, high specific strength, and high fracture toughness depending on OPF size, raw material ratios, and binding.

A blend of natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was tested against conventional rubber products sold in department stores and markets, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to measure the amount of natural or synthetic rubber in the product. 1H-NMR spectroscopy was employed for the rubber blend and 13C-NMR spectroscopy for conventional products. The chemical shift of all the samples from the structure of natural rubber (cis-1,4 polyisoprene) was observed.

In this study, the research team aimed to apply the use of biological capturing system of single cell algae, common microalgae species Chlorella sp. that have higher photosynthetic efficiencies in efficient capturing carbon dioxide. Here, , In the biological CO2 capturing process, biogas was pumped to the water recycling culturing medium, only CO2, not CH4, could dissolved efficiently with the sprayer and recycling medium system. The results showed the microorganisms could resist to methane except H2S and significantly induced at least 90-95% CO2 removal efficiency and increased in Cholerella sp. biomass production within 7 day cultivation compared the system without CO2 feeding (0.6 and 0.4 percentage (g/mL), respectively. Since the biological treatment approach was durable and could possibly further applied for treating flue carbon dioxide exhausted by power plant and fuel-types, and mitigating acid rain, heavy fuel oil, natural gas prevention.

We collected 6 commercially available single jersey knit outerwears from the market which claimed to have ultraviolet protection factor of 25. In vitro method with the use of spectrophotometer was used for investigating their ultraviolet protection properties under different moisture conditions. Experimental results revealed that the moisture would greatly reduce the UV protecion properties of knit outwears. The higher the moisture content, the lower will be the UV proection properties of the outwears.

At present, charcoal briquette fuel, a source of heat energy and mostly made from agricultural waste materials, are popular in the markets because of their high constant heat output. It helps reduce pollution, and produce no sparks while burning, but varied due to different types of materials, burning protocols, temperature, and pressure used. In this study, the research team have studied the characteristics of high quality fuel briquettes for possible further development of standard indicators of briquette fuel production process. In the study, key factors of the Charcoal fuel features composed of high qualities of physical characteristics and electrical induction. Activated carbon and coconut shell charcoal types were showed to be great materials. The production process involved aerobic burning at 800-900oC for at least 3 hours, grinding and mixing with starch binder. The briquettes’ electrical conductivity was especially lower than 10 kΩ. High heat production was obtained at least 6000 Cal/g while ground charcoal possessed with the sizes were varied. Under microscopy, the charcoal particle sizes were in a range of 50-100 μm for 30-50% (w/w), size of 10-50 μm for 20-40% (w/w) and distinctive numbers of holes greater than 300 μ to 1 mm were rarely observed. Therefore, with key characteristics of charcoal briquette fuel, it could be further applied for development the indicator as well as instruments to measure the quality of the briquette.

In this study, three commercially available innerwears were collected from the market. Their moisture management properties were measured. Experimental results revealed that the fibre content played an important role in affecting the moisture management properties of the innerwears.

This research was concerned with dye extraction from lac, purple corn cob, golden shower tree seed pods, garcinia dulcis bark and dried mangosteen leaves and application on cotton towel product dyeing by the use of exhaustion process. Cotton towel was pretreated using cationizing agent (Sarcat PD) before dyeing. Cotton towel dyed in the solution extracting from lac showed pink shade. The sample dyed with purple corn cob and golden shower tree seed pods resulted in violetish-brown and dark brown shades, respectively. With garcinia dulcis bark and dried mangosteen leaves the colour was yellow and brownish orange. The results showed that the dyes K/S values of the treated cotton towel were improved compared with those of the un-treated one.

The purpose of this research was undertaken to use flour of wild taro corm (ColocasiaEsculenta (L.) Schott) as a resist paste for batik on cotton fabric and using dye solution from pigment dyestuffs. Colour value, K/S values, sharpness of cotton batik fabric were evaluated. The washing and rubbing fastness of the batik fabric was also evaluated. From the result of experiment it can be concluded that the pattern at resist area of cotton batik fabrics show sharpness. Colour fastness to washing and rubbing were ranging between good to very good level. Pigment dye solution can be painted on cotton fabric by using batik technique.

The addition of base NaOH and KOH solutions and the application of an air stone and a stirrer to develop turbulence in water scrubbing method were carried out to study the purification process of raw biogas. Various concentrations of the base solutions and constant stirrer speed was applied. The work results showed that the best performance in increasing CH4 content, about 70% improvement, was reached with the addition of NaOH on 2% concentration. On the other hand, about 96% and 100% improvement for CO2 and H2S respectively were obtained under 2% NaOH addition coupled with a stirrer. The addition of base solutions was very effective to increase absorbent pH level, thus maintaining absorption process in longer duration and prevented saturation of absorbent. Moreover, the application of a stirrer in packed bed column further improved the biogas quality. The improvement was resulted from the generated biogas bubble and turbulence which led to prolong contact time between absorbent and biogas.

In Thailand Manufacturing, checking employee attendance is one of the important issues for human resource, because many manufacturing evaluate employees’ attendance and while giving the final bonus, HRs considers their total number of appearances on manufacture during the whole work time. This brings to the idea of having some tool to control employees’ attendance. Some manufacturing prefer to use paper sheet for controlling attendance, whereas some manufacturing prefer to use paper sheet for checking employees' attendance and after this, fill out these information into a system manually, like Thailand Manufacturing in Siracha Province does. However, this is not an efficient way since there will be spent much of time for checking employees names and putting marks like "presence" or "absence". Moreover, some employees may call his/her friend as "presence" even though this employee is currently absent. After thinking all these issues, researcher of the following research paper decided to create a system that makes easier to check employees’ attendance automatically, and this system is implemented in Thailand Manufacturing near SiRacha province. Actually, this is the first time when such kind of system is being used in manufacturing system of Thailand. The system is based on 1D barcode technology and run on mobile application with Android OS, and in this paper, details of this system are presented.

Banana flour is one of the main commercial products that could be incorporated into other food products. However, the current processing of banana flour production is not only incompatible to traditional village level; but also difficult to manage for the quality control. In this work, we constructed the low cost banana flour processing machines including dryer and pounder. We also tested our machines by using three conditions of banana cleaning such as salt, vinegar and red lime. The dehydrate banana and flour were characterized by CIE-Lab and particle size analysis. After pneumatic drying at 70oC and 3 hr, we found that vinegar had the whiteness value greater than other conditions. We also found that the flour obtained from vinegar presented the smallest diameter which was approximately 0.017 mm. This particle size diameter corresponds to mesh size No. 20 in ASTM E11:01 standard. These results showed that the characterization protocol of banana flour used to grading the dehydrate banana and flour. Therefore, with our project obtained can be such a high potential approach that can be developed product in household, community in terms of commercial production or community enterprise.

The silver refinery is very important for west management in the jewelry industry. In this work, we proposed the alternative of silver refinery process by using microorganism pathway. We focused on the isolation of microorganism which was found from manufacturing process and forming in gems and jewelry industry. Results showed that the initial silver refinery microorganism performed only in terms of Pseudomonas genus especially in AgNO3 solution. In contrast, Bacillus genus was not clearly effective silver refinery. These results could be the basis information to establish and develop system for silver refinery and/or silver quality improvement with biological process in future.

The waste from the kenaf water retting; kenaf core can be used to create by-product. The characteristics of the kenaf are important to create new by-product. Cellulosic materials can be obtained from fibrous plants which known as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, waxes, and several water-soluble compounds. Kenaf was categorized as one of the fibrous family plants. Hence, its cellulosic materials need to be determined before extraction process. This research was conducted to determine the cellulosic materials concentration in kenaf core using Thermal Gravimetry Analyzer (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). As result, the percentage of degradation and decomposition of cellulosic materials were recorded and analyzed as reported in this paper.

Xylanase has good application prospect in the paper and pulp industry, feed industry, health care and bioenergy industry,etc.The xylanase is one of the key enzyme in the utilization of biomass. Fermentation kinetics equation was constructed based on Logistic and Luedeking-Piret equation. The results showed that the dissolved oxygen was related to the stirring speed, raising to 45% naturally after the log growth phase (about 30h) on the base of the optimum medium process of xylanase production by Trichoderma reesei. Fed-batch fermentation strategy was designed based on fermentation kinetics equations. The xylanase activity was further enhanced to 2406.175U/mL, enzyme activity per unit protein mass was 6573U/mg.

Rapid development in Malaysia has led to urban development encroaching into the peat land area. Nevertheless, the physical properties of peat which is regarded as a problematic ground has prompted many studies on various methods of stabilization. The used of byproduct material then become a need for a sustainable environment. This paper presents the results of the unconfined compressive test of stabilized peat by admixture method. A constant composition of pond ash as byproduct material (10%) and three different contents of hydrated lime (2%, 4% and 8%) were mixed together with peat respectively. The samples were prepared in the mould and allowed for curing under 0, 14 and 28 days before the test. The experimental results demonstrated that the compressive strength and stiffness of the stabilized peat increases with the hydrated lime content and also with curing time. It indicates that the mixed of pond ash and hydrated lime can promote a better compressive strength of peat, hence become a potential admixture for stabilizing the peat.

This paper study on PAC-UF process for treatment of micro surface polluted water, found that PAC-UF process can effectively remove 83% CODcr, 55% NH3-N and 81% UV254, it shown that PAC-UF process had good treatment effect to micro surface polluted water, thus adding PAC can improve the treatment effect and alleviate membrane fouling. The material and influence of hydrophobic were analyzed and found that PVDF membrane had better performance.

Energy is the basic industry of the national economy, the social and economic development. It plays a very important role in the improvement of human living standards. However, in the actual planning process, a lot of the energy system complexity and uncertainty of information exists, the traditional energy model does not reflect this characteristic. Therefore, this short paper will make a brief introduction of the uncertainty of the Energy System allocation model.

The stock approach system of Chinese high speed tissue paper machines and the configuration of measuring and control points are specified. After introducing the control of absolute dry pulp quantity, the control scheme of Fuzzy-PID composite is implemented. The application result indicates that the scheme proposed is feasible and effective

Rock burst is one of geological hazards encountered frequently, rock burst research has important significance for safety production in mine. The paper based on different definitions of rock burst, the produce conditions and manifestation of rock burst are summarized, and classified. The mechanism and prediction of rock burst in the mainstream view the advantage and disadvantages on comparison, a novel thought is given for rock burst mechanism. Suggest t to continue research on the mechanism of rock burst, and multi field coupling method to predict rock burst.

The various affecting factors have been researched in this paper that the leaded wastewater was treated by means of the processing combined Fe-C micro-electrolysis with microbial adsorbent-flocculant. After that combined process, a greater percentage of lead removal was observed. The results showed that under the condition that initial PH of the infall wastewater is 3, the Fe/C mass ratio is 2:1, and the hydraulic retention time is 40 min for the micro electrolysis processing. The PH is 9, the microbial adsorbent-flocculant (ZX-1) dosage is 0.5g/L, and adsorption time is 90 min for subsequent microbial adsorption-flocculation. Under these optimal conditions, the removal rates of lead ion reached 99.958%,and their concentrations in wastewater were 0.042mg/L, which their ion concentrations in the outlet wastewater are under the class III of Surface Water Quality Standards(GB3838-2002) in China. That combined process achieved zero discharge of lead. It has been also showed that Pb ions are mainly removed by Fe/C micro-electrolysis, and the following microbial adsorption-flocculation excels at treating leaded wastewater of low concentration.

This paper is based on the research of the coal water slurry rheological property and stability. The influence of the concentration, additives and temperature on the rheological properties of the slurry has also been studied. The apparent viscosity increases with increasing concentration of coal water slurry, and decreases with increasing temperature. An introduction of additives can greatly improve the rheological properties of coal water slurry. The stability of coal water slurry increases with the increase of concentration, and the stability decreases with the increase of temperature. A proper amount of additives can improve its stability.

With the widely application use of UHV（ultra- high- voltage） transmission，increased the system low frequency oscillations，and flexible application of high-voltage direct current transmission (HVDC) and flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) can improve the system damping oscillation inhibition. This paper Based on the research results in recent years, classify& summarize HVDC and FACTS devices the theoretical basis and the main application places, and according to the way of access system of parallel, series and parallel hybrid FACTS devices stable controller design and optimization are summarized and classified.

The paper expounded theoretically the requirements for choosing the auxiliaries in wine corks bleaching with hydrogen peroxide. Then, the analysis to the imported auxiliary CATALOR was described by chemical and instrumental means. In the end, ammonium bicarbonate was selected as the bleaching auxiliary according to the results both theoretical and experimental analysis, and its application process parameters were proposed.

Xylan preservative is harmless to humans and animals, contaminate the environment of new wood preservatives.This paper from bagasse, rice husk, corncob, xylan extracted from birch, testing the corrosion resistance of these four preservatives and CCA compared with the results show that: white rot fungus specimen weight loss rates were: Bagasse xylan: 2.41%, rice husk xylan: 2.65%, corn cob xylan: 2.53%, birch xylan: 2.33%, CCA rate of 4.08% weight loss.

In this paper, a tube electric furnace is used to process the co-combustion of biomass and crude oil in air atmosphere, the influence of the biomass mass fraction and the temperature on NO and SO2 emissions are analysed. Research shows that with the increasing addition ratio of biomass to crude oil, the amount of NO in per unit heat reduces. This tendency is more apparent at high temperatures. Compared with crude oil, the NO emission of 20% biomass mass fraction at 1100°C is reduced by 25.8% while 19.02% at 700°C. SO2 emission in per unit heat decreases with the increasing biomass mass fraction. This tendency is more apparent at low temperatures. Compared with crude oil The generation of SO2 of 20% biomass mass fraction can reduce 91.5% at 700°C while 36.7% at 1100°C.

Biochar was produced from oil palm shell via microwave-induced pyrolysis. The biochar was subsequently activated via microwave assisted CO2 activation. A simple single layer arrangement of the microwave absorber (coconut shell based activated carbon) and oil palm shell in the reactor was adopted during pyrolysis. In recent times, the treatment of oil palm biomass using microwave heating technology has been on the increase. Value added products such as bio-oil, gas, biochar and activated carbon are being produced while at the same time serving as waste management control. Biochar is seen as a promising climate mitigation tool. Activated carbons can be used as absorbent for the removal of pollutants from wastewaters, as air pollution control and as electrode for supercapacitor. This paper presents comparative study between the characteristics of oil palm shell biochar and oil palm shell activated carbon. BET surface area and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were analyzed to establish the characteristics of the biochar and activated carbon.

Renewable energy is rapidly gaining importance as an energy resource to help aid the national energy depletion crisis of fossil fuel and coal. One of the most potential renewable energy sources in Malaysia is hydropower followed by solar energy. This paper presents the fabrication of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) using organic dyes from dragon fruit and chlorophyll which is extracted from spinach. The fabrication of DSSC uses the Dr.blade method. Result shows that the efficiency by using dragon fruit as sensitizer at 40µm TiO2 Thickness is 6.45%, better than the usage of chlorophyll dye which is 4.23% at the same thickness. Result also shows that at 80µm by using the dyes from chlorophyll extract has higher solar cell efficiency compare to dragon fruit. This shows that both the chlorophyll extract and dragon fruit shows potential in the development of a feasible working organic dye.

Aerobic activated sludge was more appropriate for APMP(Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulp) effluent treatment than anaerobic processes because the high content of toxic wood extractives in the effluent. In this article, Eucalyptus APMP effluent was treated with activated sludge and the process conditions was optimized. The optimized conditions were: the initial pH value was 6.0, SV30of activated sludge was 35%, and loading volume of flask was 150ml (250ml flask), cultured shakily for 3 days at 35°Cand 150rpm. The removal of COD was 66.75%, from 4181mg/l to 1390mg/l, and the color of the effluent and treated water were 2541C.U. and 1557C.U. under the optimized conditions, respectively. In most cases, the color of treated wastewater was increased compared with the initial effluent, but the removal of COD was significant.

In order to clarify the operation and performance of ground source heat pump in severe cold regions, the paper based on the demonstration project about ground source heat pump at Yifu teaching building of Jilin Jianzhu University, expounds the profile of the demonstration project and the data monitoring program of the system about ground source heat pump, shows monitoring data of the running condition in winter in line with the demonstration project and analyses the monitoring data briefly. The result shows that the heating effect of ground source heat pump system is favorable and ground source heat pump system is obviously environmental and energy saving.

The mechanism governing activated sludge flocculation under Al3+ dosing was studied in this paper. Activated sludge was cultivated in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) at 22°C. Batch dosages of Al3+ were 0.00, 0.125, 0.5, 1 and 1.5meq/L respectively, and continuous dosage was 0.1meq/L. As batch dosage increased, the total interaction energy, zeta potential and turbidity tended to decline, which suggested that batch dosing promoted sludge flocculation. Under the equivalent dose, the zeta potential of continuous dosing was higher, while the LB-EPS content showed the opposite tendency and turbidity reduction was similar. Both batch and continuous dosing promoted flocculation performance: in terms of interaction energy, batch dosing was more effective; while in terms of EPS, it was on the contrary.

PCBs removal in the aged leachate by a new combination process based on an innovative biofilm reactor with natural fiber media, combined coagulation with a two-staged sequencing batch biofilm reactor with Luffa Sponges (LS) as the biomass carriers (LS-SBBR), was studied in this paper. The results indicated that the total PCBs removal in the aged leachate was 51.97%, and the PCBs removals are mainly achieved by the removal of trichlorobiphenyls, the PCBs contents in sludge in the two-staged LS-SBBR were consistent with the conclusion that the PCBs removal in liquid phase of the second LS-SBBR was higher than that of the first LS-SBBR.

The drying rate is difficult to control for perilla leaf during the microwave vacuum drying process. Through scientific approaches, this paper made a research on the relationships between drying factors and drying rate, and established a kinetics model on microwave vacuum drying of perilla leaf. The model can predict the water content variations of perilla leaf during microwave vacuum drying, and provides a theory basis for packaging, storage and transportation for perilla leaf production.

To study the saccharification conditions of cellulase on lignocellulose material, this paper used corn straw as the material to do research on the effect of cellulase. The hydrolysis factors, including reaction temperature, reaction time and cellulase concentration, were measured in order to determine the optimal saccharification conditions for fuel ethanol production. The results showed that, when the reaction temperature was 45°C, reaction time was 72 h and cellulase concentration was 60 IU/g, the hydrolysis rate can respectively reach 6.25 %, 14.7 % and 14.4 %. By the analysis of orthogonal test, the main factors effects the saccharification was reaction time. And the optimal combination of saccharification conditions was the reaction time of 54 h, the reaction temperature of 45 °C, and the cellulase concentration of 55 IU/g.

This paper introduces the definition and types of plasticizers, mainly may contain species of plasticizer in food, detection methods of plasticizer in food, research on phthalic acid esters migrate in food packaging material as well as the causes and Countermeasures of food plasticizer that exceed the standard system to introduced, providing a reference for the further research and related researchers.

This paper based on multi-agent technology, according to automobile safety airbag roll bag station production technology, at first adopt TS fuzzy neural regression network to distributed modeling for the controlled object, the methods of combining supervision learning and reinforcement learning are used, according to multi-agent external reinforcement signals and the value function of evaluate network ,using adaptive genetic co-evolution algorithm to optimize the action network, so can adapt to the mutational environment, and engineering application supply the proof about the effectiveness of the control strategy.