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Sensors that detect the distance and the position of an object are used in a lot of fields. Among of them, the sensors that measure the shift value of an object are a large scale system, furthermore, an accurate mounting of these sensors is required. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an optical linear sensor using one-side frosted glass. This sensor can detect the position of the light irradiation point only by putting it directly on the target. For a parallel light, it is irrelevant to the distance between this sensor and the source of light because the size of light beam is unchanged according to the distance. This sensor assumes that the sensor’s surface irradiated roughly vertical with the light, and does not need a high accurate mounting. Therefore, it can be easily used.

Perceptions of image surface are very challenging work for computer vision. Human can amazingly expert at recognizing the reflective properties of surfaces of various materials which a robot can not do easily so far. Smoothly we can differentiate a shiny metallic sphere from the plastic sphere of similar dimensions and structure. In this paper, various image surfaces are analyzed according to various image statistics for robot vision systems. Identification of synonymous objects under various real-world illumination or other environments are very daunting task. However, this is very challenging and crucial for machine vision systems. Both statistical analyses and human evaluation by various subjects under rigorous illumination conditions, we find significant improvement in our analysis and emphasis the importance of statistical evaluation of surfaces for computer vision. Our findings clearly demonstrate that skewness has direct resemblance with the surface glossiness-level. Intensity histogram also shows crucial clue for surface analysis.

To evaluate quantitatively the performance of cushioning materials, a cushion curve is indispensable. However, the desired cushioning effect may sometimes be absent when we use the cushion curve to design a transport package. In addition, to plot the cushion curve, massive dynamic compression tests are traditionally necessary. Thus, large amounts of labor and material resources are required. Therefore, we used expanded polyethylene and laminated-board cushion as test materials to represent typical cushioning materials, and proposed simplified performance evaluation methods based on certain dynamic compression tests. An analysis of the experimental results showed that to obtain a more accurate packaging design, the shearing effect must be taken into account when using the cushion curve; For both plastic and paper cushions, new proposed performance evaluation methods significantly reduce the number of dynamic compression tests needed to accurately evaluate an actual packaging design.

This paper describes a precision control method for a magnetic drive actuator used for the laser cutting to realize high speed and high accuracy machining. Firstly, a zero bias current method is applied to drive the electromagnets to achieve a high-precision and long-stroke of the actuator. Secondly, a compensation method of the zero point of the displacement sensors is presented to prevent the generation of the disturbance force produced by the elastic hinges. Finally, the positioning performance of the actuator is evaluated through experiments and the experimental results show that the actuator has a positioning resolution of the order of micrometer, a bandwidth greater than 130Hz, and a positioning stroke of 1mm.

This paper concerns the local reduction of the magnetic flux density by means of magnetic shielding. Using a spatial frequency description, a 2-D semi-analytical periodic model is obtained for a coreless single-sided linear permanent magnet motor. The magnetic shield is included in the modeling using mode-matching. The obtained magnetic flux density is compared to a finite element model and is verified with measurements. The results show a reasonable agreement between the semi-analytical model and the measurements. Some large deviations occur due to the modeling assumption that the shield has a linear permeability, while the used shields are saturated. However, the semi-analytical modeling method is accurate enough for design purposes and initial calculations, especially when being aware of the possible saturation of the shield.

In todays highly competitive market, the demand for quality is the single most critical factor for companies to survive in the ever-expanding global marketplace. The concept of total quality management (TQM) has been developed as a result of intense global competition. The purpose of this paper is to propose relationship between TQM practices and business performance based on extensive review of the literature. The main contribution of this paper is to identify comprehensive construct of TQM and business performance for improving previous models. Authors also introduce Business ethics as a new construct for TQM practices, which it has not been seen in previous literature as one of the key of sustainability factor. This proposed research will help the academicians and industry players to have better understanding on the importance of TQM implementation and business performance to the company in terms of financial performance, customer satisfaction, quality and production performance.

A robust and practical CFD code has been developed. The numerical framework, so-called VSIAM3 (Volume/Surface Integrated Average based Multi-Moment Method) makes use of two kinds of integrated moments of physical field, i.e. the volume integrated average (VIA) and the surface integrated average (SIA), which are treated as the computational variables and separately updated in time. VSIAM3 formulation is essentially different from conventional finite volume method and provides a convenient and robust framework to accommodate many existing numerical techniques for simulating various complex flows. In this paper, we will present the underlying idea of VSIAM3 and the extensions to make it applicable to various practical problems. Efforts toward high computational performance on hard wares with distributed memory and GPGPU will be also reported.

Running-in process is an important stage of whole wear process. The irrelevance of surface roughness before and after running-in puzzled the running-in research. However, this conclusion was based on surface roughness derived from the 2D surface profile which does not contain 3D information, and was therefore not complete. In this paper, running-in experiments were conducted to investigate the issue. The results showed that there is no equilibrium surface topography similar with equilibrium roughness at the end of running-in process.

In this paper, a new simulation model is developed to be able to simulate diesel genset smart grid interconnection by keeping in view future requirements of the grids and grid codes. The simulations are carried out in Matlab/Simulink environment. An example case is based on 1200 kW variable speed diesel genset with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The simulations are carried out for various dynamic behaviours of PMSG and their protection and control facilities, which are necessary in normal operating conditions and in a range of disturbed operating conditions in order to preserve or to re-establish system security. Various faults (e.g. disturbances) have been induced in the distribution system and the robustness of the network has been analysed to make sure continuous supply of electricity to the consumers in the future smart grid environment.

In order to respond to the energy crisis and environment problem, countries carry out their research and promotion about electric vehicles. As the ten cities one thousand new energy buses started in 2009, the new energy vehicles have been greatly developed in China, while the development of electric vehicles is not that good. This paper selects four cities-Los Angeles, Kanagawa, Hamburg, Amsterdam-that promote electric vehicles successfully and deeply analyzes the development of electric vehicles in these four cities and analyzes the factors that affect the development of electric vehicles in three aspects-city environment, government and stakeholders. Then the paper discusses the promotion ways and role of government and consumer. Finally, the paper offers some suggestions to promote electric vehicles in China: focusing on feasibility and adaptability of electric vehicles, playing government`s leading role, improving low-awareness and acceptance of electric vehicles and focusing on user requirements.

The authors have developed a shark ray robotic fish based on biomimetic approaches. The paper describes the newly developed robotic fish technology and its application to mechatronics in the space. It is found that robotic fish technology creates not only new underwater robotics, but also the next generation space mechatronics for geological survey of lunar/planets and dust cleaning in the space station., 2013 the 3rd International Conference on Mechatronics and Applied Mechanics (ICMAM2013), Dec.27-28, 2013 Paris, France, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 527, pp.224-229; 2014

Mechanical behaviors of pile-soil effect and anchor-soil effect are significantly important in supporting engineering activities of foundation pit. In this paper, finite difference method (FDM) was utilized to perform the numerical simulation of pile-anchor system, composed of supporting piles and pre-stressed anchor cables. Numerical simulations were on the basis of the foundation pit of Jinan's West Railway Station, and 3D simulation analysis of foundation pit has been prepared during the whole processes of excavation, supporting and construction. The paper also analyzed the changes of bending moments of piles and axial forces of cables, and discussed mechanical behaviors of pile-anchor system, through comparisons with field monitoring. The results show that the parameters concluding vertical gridding's number, cohesion of pile and soil, and pile stiffness have robust influences on supporting elements' behaviors. Mechanical behaviors of supporting pile and axial forces of anchor cable changed dramatically, indicating that the potential failure form was converted from toppling failure to sliding failure., 4th International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Building Materials, CEABM 2014; Haikou; China; 24 May 2014 through 25 May 2014, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 580-583, pp.238-242; 2014

International audience; A passive twist control is considered as an adaptive way to maximize the overall efficiency of a proprotor developed for convertible Micro Air Vehicles (MAV). In this paper, adaptation of the proprotor geometry in accordance to flight configurations is achieved by induced twist generated by the inherent structural coupling effect in anisotropic composite material and centrifugal force emanating from the tip load. Beam Finite Element Model based on Rotating Timoshenko Theory is used to predict structural loads, while Blade Element Momentum Theory is employed to predict the aerodynamic performance of adaptive proprotor as applied on Micro Air Vehicles (MAV). The iterative process of combination of aerodynamic model and structural model is used to compute the steady-state deformation of the flexible laminated proprotor blade due aerodynamic loads. Finally, the optimal design of lamina blade material is carried out to investigate the potential of flexible blade in the proprotorperformance enhancement.

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of cutting regime parameters in case of dry turning of an aluminum alloy. For turning process of the aluminum alloy was used Sandvik insert DCGX 11 T3 08 Al H10. The influence of the main cutting parameters on the surface quality was analyzed using a statistical method (ANOVA) used to test differences between two or more means. Based on a mathematical model can be calculated the surface roughness taking into account the cutting speed, the feed rate and the depth of cutting.

In the paper before you, the authors study the kinematics of the orbital deformation process on the base of the trajectory equation of the mobile element of the machine. Also, the authors show that the trajectory is a closed cycle curve with a finite number of lobes. Relations and charts are presented for the calculation of the number of lobes and their width depending on the machine setting. The upper mold half trajectory choice (active tool) to match the best part deformed kinematics requires detailed knowledge of orbital plastic deformation process, something which develops in the present paper.

This article presents the results of a study regarding the structural optimization of the main shaft of a naval winch and its manufacturing technology. Throughout this paper, its design will also be changed and improved. The main purpose of the research here described is to reduce the mass of the shaft from an initial weight of 23 kg. The drum responsible for releasing the boats in the water is placed on the first section of the spindle. The maximum embarkation is 2141 kg (21kN), meaning the safe working load of the davit, consisting in a boat fully equiped with 10 people in it. Moreover, this value of 2141 kg, is multiplied with the safety factor of a minimum 4.5, specific for the maritime industry, in the proceeded analyzes. The other objectives of the study take into consideration the fulfiling of the functional role without having a major intervention upon the other components of the winch, the reduction of costs and the decreasing in manufacturing time. Therefore, starting from a hollow byproduct, through the processes of optimization, redesign and simulation using finite element analysis, the achieved results show a 45% reduction in the weight of the shaft and a significant shortage of the manufacturing time. In this entire proceess, only one component needs technological changes by repositioning its 4 holes. From the economical point of view, by using a tube instead of a bar, it is possible a reduction of almost 6000 USD for a batch of 1000 shafts.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the precision of plastic parts made by using robot milling. Currently, the robots have good precision, rigidity, flexibility and they are able to machine parts. By using a six axis Kuka robot and an electric spindle, a plastic part was milled. The paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of this new technology, analyzing the dimensional accuracy, surface quality and costs.

Abrasive Water Jet is an innovative process which proves to be a good solution for cutting, drilling, polishing and milling, for various materials. Abrasive Water Jet milling has some advantages, compared with classical technologies, such as: high flexibility and machining versatility, no thermal distortion. In this paper the authors proposed a few strategies for water jet milling manufacturing. Using the correct processing strategies and proper process parameters, water jet milling is a good solution to manufacture plan surfaces, profiles and slots.