1. Cell Biology of T Cell Receptor Expression and Regulation
- Author
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Balbino Alarcón, Andrés Alcover, Vincenzo Di Bartolo, Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes - Lymphocyte Cell Biology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa [Madrid] (CBMSO), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)
- Subjects
MESH: Signal Transduction ,0301 basic medicine ,MESH: CD3 Complex ,CD3 Complex ,T-Lymphocytes ,recycling ,MESH: Structure-Activity Relationship ,Immunology and Allergy ,MESH: Animals ,biology ,MESH: Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ,MESH: Gene Expression Regulation ,Endocytosis ,3. Good health ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,[SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology ,TCR-CD3 ,MESH: Endocytosis ,Signal transduction ,signaling ,Signal Transduction ,assembly ,Endosome ,T cell ,Immunology ,MESH: Immunomodulation ,Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ,MESH: Proteolysis ,Endosomes ,Major histocompatibility complex ,Immunomodulation ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,03 medical and health sciences ,conformational change ,Antigen ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,MESH: Humans ,Cell Membrane ,T-cell receptor ,MESH: Multiprotein Complexes ,MESH: T-Lymphocytes ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,MESH: Endosomes ,Multiprotein Complexes ,Proteolysis ,MESH: Biomarkers ,biology.protein ,Biomarkers ,MESH: Cell Membrane - Abstract
International audience; T cell receptors (TCRs) are protein complexes formed by six different polypeptides. In most T cells, TCRs are composed of αβ subunits displaying immunoglobulin-like variable domains that recognize peptide antigens associated with major histocompatibility complex molecules expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. TCRαβ subunits are associated with the CD3 complex formed by the γ, δ, ε, and ζ subunits, which are invariable and ensure signal transduction. Here, we review how the expression and function of TCR complexes are orchestrated by several fine-tuned cellular processes that encompass (a) synthesis of the subunits and their correct assembly and expression at the plasma membrane as a single functional complex, (b) TCR membrane localization and dynamics at the plasma membrane and in endosomal compartments, (c) TCR signal transduction leading to T cell activation, and (d) TCR degradation. These processes balance each other to ensure efficient T cell responses to a variety of antigenic stimuli while preventing autoimmunity.
- Published
- 2018