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Rapeseed and canola meal are not commonly used in starter diets for calves due to concerns over palatability and digestibility of the feed. The aim of this paper was to briefly summarize our knowledge on the effects of rapeseed and canola meal use in starter diets for calves, with particular emphasis on the period before and shortly after weaning, and the impact on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, body weight gain, and feed efficiency of calves. Possible strategies allowing for increased inclusion of rapeseed and canola meal use in calves’ nutrition were also suggested and briefly discussed.

WOS: 000518473700014, In the clinical examination of a donkey, which brought to the Ownerless Animal Care and Rehabilitation Center of the Hatay Metropolitan Municipality due to neglecting and senility, local hair losses, ruffling and opacity were observed. A few louse specimens were detected on the hair shafts on the back of the donkey during the macroscopic examination. They were collected with a forceps, and preserved in a tube with alcohol 70%. Then they examined in detail in microscope, and identified as Bovicola ocellatus (Piaget, 1880). The presence of B. ocellatus on donkey has been reported for the first time in Turkey in this paper.

The most important cause of Klebsiella spp. contamination of drinking water is the leakage of animal faeces into drinking water sources. Recently, the biosensor technology has quickly begun to replace other methods with its faster finding and reliability. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the biosensor technology in the rapid detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and to determine the presence of the relationship between K. pneumoniae isolates isolated from the drinking water thought to be contaminated by animal faeces and the clinical isolates. For this purpose, portable, microfluidic electrochemical sensor device version 2 (V2) was used for the detection of K. pneumoniae and results were confirmed with VITEK MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (VITEK MS) automated system. For the molecular typing of K. pneumoniae isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) methods were employed and the results were compared. For these bacteria, the most appropriate typing method was tried to be determined comparatively. PFGE analysis indicated the presence of six different strains, while MLVA divided them into 23 clusters. Clonal relationships were viewed between environmental and clinical isolates. The main goal of this paper is to present, the detailed report of the comparison of the samples isolated from drinking water, animal and human faeces for K. pneumoniae. To accomplish of this goal we introduced that MLVA and PFGE methods. Also, gold nanoparticies enhanced electrochemical biosensor device is used for the determination of K. pneumoniae for the first time.

This review paper aims to give an overview of the literature data on common behavioral and health problems in broiler chickens and laying hens and to explain their interrelation and relation to the rearing system. In the initial part, the mechanism of arising of the most common forms of abnormal behavior and the way they affect the poultry are briefly described. Furthermore, the possibility of poultry to fulfill behavioral needs in different rearing systems and some of the consequences to the birds in the case of their inability to meet their needs are displayed. The influence of the main microclimate and space factors is also discussed, as well as the occurrence of some infectious, parasitic and production diseases in poultry rearing systems. The welfare problems of poultry are complexes and most often caused by the system design and its improper use. Continuous work on improving rearing systems is as important as better informing the producers and the public on poultry welfare problems.

Recent advances in molecular genetics have provided hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms to detect mutations at the vicinity of genes related with quantitative traits. Breeding values could be used as response variable in mixed model framework to detect possible associations with genomic relationship matrix. It is known that most of quantitative traits are correlated which leads to construct of networks and pathways of genes due to pleiotropy. Hence the main aim of this paper is to a) detecting pleiotropy by principal component analyses methods b) prediction of genomic breeding values by ridge regression c) detecting associations based on predicted genomic breeding values obtained from b) using QTLMAS 2010 simulated dataset. Most of the Quantitative Trait Locus (QTLs) were located at chromosome 1 and 3. Highest correlation between true breeding value and predicted breeding value were obtained by Gaussian Kernel function as 0.557. To detect pleiotropy we used first and second principal components as response variable and success rates found to be 0.2727 and 0.1714 and error rates found to be 0.5952 to 0.6400 for first two principal component loadings respectively. Using genomic breeding values as response variable gave better success rate and lower error rate compared with when using raw phenotypes. We found that using the most heritable and variable component (first component) had higher change to detect pleiotropic genes using QTLMAS-2010 dataset, Moleküler genetikteki son gelişmeler fenotipler ile ilişkili olabilen başkalaşımların: yüz binlerce tekil nükleotit polimorfizmi ile saptanmasına olanak tanımıştır. Damızlık değerlerin karışık modellerde cevap değişkeni olarak kullanılması ile genom tabanlı ilişkiler tespit edilebilir. Pleiotropi nedeni ile farklı fenotipler birbirleri ile bağıntılı olabilmekte ve böylece gen ağları oluşturulabilmektedir. Dolayısı ile bu çalışmanın amaçları a) pleiotropinin temel bileşenler analizi ile tespiti b) Ridge regresyonu kullanarak genomik damızlık değerlerin tahmini ve c) b)’den elde edilen damızlık değerler ile ilişki analizini benzeşim yolu ile elde edilmiş QTLMAS 2010 veri seti ile yapmaktır. Verimden sorumlu bölge (QTL)’lerin büyük çoğunluğu 1 ve 3. kromozomlarda bulundu. Gerçek ve tahmin edilen damızlık değerler arasındaki en yüksek korelasyon Gausçu çekirdek ile bulundu (0.557). Birinci ve ikinci temel bileşenler ile pleiotropi tespitinde başarı oranları 0.2717 ve 0.1714; hata oranları ise 0.5952 ve 0.6400 olarak bulundu. Genomik damızlık değerlerinin cevap değişkeni olarak kullanılması fenotiplerin kullanımına oranla daha yüksek başarı oranı ve daha düşük hata oranları verdi. Pleiotropik genlerin tespitinde kalıtım derecesi ve çeşitliliği en yüksek olan ilk temel bileşenin kullanılması QTLMAS 2010 veri seti için daha iyi sonuç vermiştir

4 % solution of Brotianide was found 68-97 % effective when given at2-4 mL.JIO kg. orally to sheep carrying 40 dayold Fasciola gigantica infections.it was alsa found to be 90 and 99 % efficient at the dose level of 1.2-2.5 mL./ iO kg. insixty dayold infeetions and 97 and 100 % whcn adminİstered 1.2-2 mL./ iO kg. in 90 day infections.Ko side effect of the drug was secn in any sheep treated within the dose ranges used.Fasciola gigantica infections still are a severe problem particularly in the southcm,and Marmara sea arcas of the wcstcrn parts afTurkey. According to the reports ofmeat inspectors and field veterinarians of those areas, the spread of the infection has reached critica!proportions.At present, drugs containing hexachlorophene, oxyelozanide, menichlopholan and inrestricted areas hcxachloroethane are in use in this country against the giant nuke.The present paper reports the activity of Brotianide (2-acetoxy-3-brom-5-chlor-N-(4'-bromphenyl)- thionobenzamid) against diffcrent development stages of Fasciola gigantica insheep.According to Roseby and Boray (I) the minimum dose rates of Brotianide that gaye90 % or higher efficieney against 6 weeks and 12 weeks old Fasciola hepatica infeetions, werı:4.7 mg./kg. and 2.3 mg./kg. respectively and maximum tolerated dose rate was 27 mg./kg.in artificially infeeted sheep.