9 results on '"Herring AH"'
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2. Relation between ambient air quality and selected birth defects, seven county study, Texas, 1997-2000.
- Author
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Gilboa SM, Mendola P, Olshan AF, Langlois PH, Savitz DA, Loomis D, Herring AH, and Fixler DE
- Abstract
A population-based case-control study investigated the association between maternal exposure to air pollutants, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter <10 microm in aerodynamic diameter during weeks 3-8 of pregnancy and the risk of selected cardiac birth defects and oral clefts in livebirths and fetal deaths between 1997 and 2000 in seven Texas counties. Controls were frequency matched to cases on year of birth, vital status, and maternal county of residence at delivery. Stationary monitoring data were used to estimate air pollution exposure. Logistic regression models adjusted for covariates available in the vital record. When the highest quartile of exposure was compared with the lowest, the authors observed positive associations between carbon monoxide and tetralogy of Fallot (odds ratio = 2.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.26, 3.29), particulate matter <10 microm in aerodynamic diameter and isolated atrial septal defects (odds ratio = 2.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.43, 3.60), and sulfur dioxide and isolated ventricular septal defects (odds ratio = 2.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.51, 3.09). There were inverse associations between carbon monoxide and isolated atrial septal defects and between ozone and isolated ventricular septal defects. Evidence that air pollution exposure influences the risk of oral clefts was limited. Suggestive results support a previously reported finding of an association between ozone exposure and pulmonary artery and valve defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Associations of Accelerometry-Assessed and Self-Reported Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among US Adults.
- Author
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Evenson KR, Wen F, and Herring AH
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Proportional Hazards Models, Self Report, United States epidemiology, Accelerometry statistics & numerical data, Cardiovascular Diseases mortality, Cause of Death, Exercise, Sedentary Behavior
- Abstract
The US physical activity (PA) recommendations were based primarily on studies in which self-reported data were used. Studies that include accelerometer-assessed PA and sedentary behavior can contribute to these recommendations. In the present study, we explored the associations of PA and sedentary behavior with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a nationally representative sample. Among the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cohort, 3,809 adults 40 years of age or older wore an accelerometer for 1 week and self-reported their PA levels. Mortality data were verified through 2011, with an average of 6.7 years of follow-up. We used Cox proportional hazards models to obtain adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. After excluding the first 2 years, there were 337 deaths (32% or 107 of which were attributable to CVD). Having higher accelerometer-assessed average counts per minute was associated with lower all-cause mortality risk: When compared with the first quartile, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.37 (95% confidence interval: 0.23, 0.59) for the fourth quartile, 0.39 (95% confidence interval: 0.27, 0.57) for the third quartile, and 0.60 (95% confidence interval: 0.45, 0.80) second quartile. Results were similar for CVD mortality. Lower all-cause and CVD mortality risks were also generally observed for persons with higher accelerometer-assessed moderate and moderate-to-vigorous PA levels and for self-reported moderate-to-vigorous leisure, household and total activities, as well as for meeting PA recommendations. Accelerometer-assessed sedentary behavior was generally not associated with all-cause or CVD mortality in fully adjusted models. These findings support the national PA recommendations to reduce mortality., (© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Replication of breast cancer susceptibility loci in whites and African Americans using a Bayesian approach.
- Author
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O'Brien KM, Cole SR, Poole C, Bensen JT, Herring AH, Engel LS, and Millikan RC
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Bayes Theorem, Breast Neoplasms ethnology, Case-Control Studies, Female, Genetic Markers, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Likelihood Functions, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, North Carolina epidemiology, Odds Ratio, Registries, Risk Factors, Black or African American, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People
- Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene analyses have led to the discovery of several dozen genetic polymorphisms associated with breast cancer susceptibility, many of which are considered well-established risk factors for the disease. Despite attempts to replicate these same variant-disease associations in African Americans, the evaluable populations are often too small to produce precise or consistent results. We estimated the associations between 83 previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and breast cancer among Carolina Breast Cancer Study (1993-2001) participants using maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and hierarchical methods. The selected SNPs were previous GWAS hits (n = 22), near-hits (n = 19), otherwise well-established risk loci (n = 5), or located in the same genes as selected variants (n = 37). We successfully replicated 18 GWAS-identified SNPs in whites (n = 2,352) and 10 in African Americans (n = 1,447). SNPs in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene (FGFR2) and the TOC high mobility group box family member 3 gene (TOX3) were strongly associated with breast cancer in both races. SNPs in the mitochondrial ribosomal protein S30 gene (MRPS30), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 gene (MAP3K1), zinc finger, MIZ-type containing 1 gene (ZMIZ1), and H19, imprinted maternally expressed transcript gene (H19) were associated with breast cancer in whites, and SNPs in the estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) and H19 gene were associated with breast cancer in African Americans. We provide precise and well-informed race-stratified odds ratios for key breast cancer-related SNPs. Our results demonstrate the utility of Bayesian methods in genetic epidemiology and provide support for their application in small, etiologically driven investigations.
- Published
- 2014
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5. Maternal dietary patterns are associated with risk of neural tube and congenital heart defects.
- Author
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Sotres-Alvarez D, Siega-Riz AM, Herring AH, Carmichael SL, Feldkamp ML, Hobbs CA, and Olshan AF
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- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Dietary Supplements, Female, Folic Acid administration & dosage, Humans, Logistic Models, Pregnancy, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Diet statistics & numerical data, Heart Defects, Congenital epidemiology, Neural Tube Defects epidemiology
- Abstract
Studying empirically derived dietary patterns is useful in understanding dietary practice. We classified women by their dietary patterns using latent class analysis of 66 foods and studied the association of these patterns with neural tube defects (NTDs) and congenital heart defects (CHDs) in the U.S. National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2005). Logistic regression models used data from 1,047 with an NTD, 6,641 with a CHD, and 6,123 controls that were adjusted for maternal characteristics and tested the effect modification of multivitamin supplement use. Four latent dietary patterns were identified: prudent, Western, low-calorie Western, and Mexican. Among participants who did not use supplements, those in the Mexican, Western, and low-calorie Western classes were significantly more likely (odds ratios of 1.6, 1.5, and 1.4, respectively) to have offspring born with NTDs than were those in the prudent class after adjustment of for dietary folic acid intake. In contrast, among supplement users, there was no difference in the incidence of NTDs between classes. Associations between dietary class and CHD subgroups were not modified by supplement use except for tetralogy of Fallot; among supplement users, those in the Western class were twice as likely (95% confidence interval: 1.4, 2.8) as the prudent class to have offspring with tetralogy of Fallot. Women who adhered to a Western diet were 1.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.35) times more likely to have an infant with septal heart defect than were women who adhered to a prudent diet. A prudent dietary pattern, even with folate fortification, may decrease the risk of NTDs and some heart defects.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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6. Latent transition models to study women's changing of dietary patterns from pregnancy to 1 year postpartum.
- Author
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Sotres-Alvarez D, Herring AH, and Siega-Riz AM
- Subjects
- Adult, Body Mass Index, Breast Feeding statistics & numerical data, Cohort Studies, Educational Status, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitals, University, Humans, Nutrition Surveys, Parity, Pregnancy, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Smoking epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, United States epidemiology, Diet statistics & numerical data, Feeding Behavior, Health Behavior, Mothers statistics & numerical data, Postpartum Period
- Abstract
Latent class models are useful for classifying subjects by dietary patterns. Our goals were to use latent transition models to identify dietary patterns during pregnancy and postpartum, to estimate the prevalence of these dietary patterns, and to model transition probabilities between dietary patterns as a function of covariates. Women who were enrolled in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Study (University of North Carolina, 2000-2005) were followed for 1 year postpartum, and their diets were assessed in the second trimester and at 3 and 12 months postpartum (n = 519, 484, and 374, respectively) by using a food frequency questionnaire. After adjusting for energy intake, parity, smoking status, race, and education, we identified 3 dietary patterns and named them "prudent," "health conscious Western," and "Western." Nulliparas were 2.9 and 2.1 times more likely to be in the "prudent" class than the "health conscious Western" or the "Western" class, respectively. The 3 dietary patterns were very stable, with the "health conscious Western" class being the least stable; the probability for staying in the same class was 0.74 and 0.87 at 3 and 12 months postpartum, respectively. Breastfeeding mothers were more likely than nonbreastfeeding mothers to switch dietary pattern class (P = 0.0286). Except for breastfeeding mothers, most women did not switch dietary patterns from pregnancy to postpartum.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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7. Self-reported vitamin supplementation in early pregnancy and risk of miscarriage.
- Author
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Hasan R, Olshan AF, Herring AH, Savitz DA, Siega-Riz AM, and Hartmann KE
- Subjects
- Abortion, Spontaneous prevention & control, Adult, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Pregnancy Trimester, First, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Risk, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Abortion, Spontaneous epidemiology, Vitamins administration & dosage
- Abstract
Miscarriage is a common and poorly understood adverse pregnancy outcome. In this study, the authors sought to evaluate the relation between self-reported use of prenatal vitamins in early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Between 2000 and 2008, 4,752 US women were prospectively enrolled in Right From the Start. Information about vitamin use was obtained from a first-trimester interview. Discrete-time hazard models were used, candidate confounders were assessed, and the following variables were included in the model: study site, maternal age, gravidity, marital status, education, race/ethnicity, smoking, and use of progesterone in early pregnancy. Approximately 95% of participants reported use of vitamins during early pregnancy. A total of 524 women had a miscarriage. In the final adjusted model, any use of vitamins during pregnancy was associated with decreased odds of miscarriage (odds ratio = 0.43, 95% confidence interval: 0.30, 0.60) in comparison with no exposure. These results should be viewed in the context of a potentially preventive biologic mechanism mitigated by possible confounding by healthy behaviors and practices that are also associated with vitamin supplement use during pregnancy.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products and pregnancy loss.
- Author
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Savitz DA, Singer PC, Herring AH, Hartmann KE, Weinberg HS, and Makarushka C
- Subjects
- Adult, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Hydrocarbons, Halogenated analysis, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Trihalomethanes analysis, United States epidemiology, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Abortion, Spontaneous chemically induced, Abortion, Spontaneous epidemiology, Disinfectants adverse effects, Hydrocarbons, Halogenated adverse effects, Pregnancy Outcome epidemiology, Trihalomethanes adverse effects, Water Pollutants, Chemical adverse effects, Water Purification methods, Water Supply
- Abstract
Previous research has suggested that exposure to elevated levels of drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) may cause pregnancy loss. In 2000-2004, the authors conducted a study in three US locations of varying DBP levels and evaluated 2,409 women in early pregnancy to assess their tap water DBP concentrations, water use, other risk factors, and pregnancy outcome. Tap water concentrations were measured in the distribution system weekly or biweekly. The authors considered DBP concentration and ingested amount and, for trihalomethanes only, bathing/showering and integrated exposure that included ingestion. On the basis of 258 pregnancy losses, they did not find an increased risk of pregnancy loss in relation to trihalomethane, haloacetic acid, or total organic halide concentrations; ingested amounts; or total exposure. In contrast to a previous study, pregnancy loss was not associated with high personal trihalomethane exposure (> or =75 micro g/liter and > or =5 glasses of water/day) (odds ratio = 1.1, 95% confidence interval: 0.7, 1.7). Sporadic elevations in risk were found across DBPs, most notably for ingested total organic halide (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 2.2 for the highest exposure quintile). These results provide some assurance that drinking water DBPs in the range commonly encountered in the United States do not affect fetal survival.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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9. Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy and preterm birth.
- Author
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Yang J, Hartmann KE, Savitz DA, Herring AH, Dole N, Olshan AF, and Thorp JM Jr
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, North Carolina epidemiology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications physiopathology, Pregnancy Trimesters, Prospective Studies, Risk, Uterine Hemorrhage physiopathology, Obstetric Labor, Premature epidemiology, Pregnancy Complications epidemiology, Uterine Hemorrhage epidemiology
- Abstract
This study investigated the relation between self-reported vaginal bleeding during pregnancy and preterm birth in a prospective cohort of 2,829 pregnant women enrolled from prenatal clinics between 1995 and 2000 in central North Carolina. The overall association between vaginal bleeding and preterm birth was modest (risk ratio (RR) = 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 1.6). Bleeding in the first trimester only was associated with earlier preterm birth (< or =34 weeks' gestation) (RR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.4) and preterm birth due to preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) (RR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.3). Bleeding in both trimesters was associated with preterm birth due to preterm labor (RR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.9, 6.8). Bleeding of multiple episodes, on multiple days, and with more total blood loss was associated with an approximate twofold increased risk of earlier preterm birth, PPROM, and preterm labor. In contrast, bleeding in the second trimester only, of a single episode, on a single day, and with less total blood loss was not associated with any category of preterm birth. Vaginal bleeding was not associated with preterm birth among African Amercians (RR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.9, 1.7). This study indicates that more intense but not less intense bleeding is associated with earlier preterm birth and spontaneous preterm birth presenting as PPROM or preterm labor, and it suggests that bleeding is less predictive of preterm birth among African-American compared with White women.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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